• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.501-505
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• 2008

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 9 Miniature Schnauzer bitches from day 15 of gestation until parturition to determine the ultrasonographic measurement of gestational structures. Ovulation was designated the day that plasma progesterone concentration exceeded 4.0 ng/ml (day 0). Extra-fetal structures were measured from day 17 or 18 to 60. Outer uterine diameter (OUD) increased from $6.50{\pm}1.06mm$ ($Mean{\pm}SD$) to $50.89{\pm}5.62mm$, inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICCD) increased from $2.10{\pm}0.15mm$ to $37.15{\pm}4.36mm$, and length of placenta (PL) increased from $7.50 {\pm}1.41mm$ to $40.62{\pm}3.27mm$. OUD and ICCD were significantly and linearly relative to gestational age especially through day 37, whereas PL was not significantly relative to gestational age. Of the extra-fetal structures, ICCD was the most accurate for estimation of gestational age before day 38 of gestation. Fetal structures increased at a linear rate to parturition. Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) increased from $2.55{\pm}0.07mm$ on day 22 to $85.25{\pm}9.89mm$ on day 48. Fetal head diameter (HD) increased from $3.43{\pm}0.64mm$ on day 27 to $25.06{\pm}0.41mm$ on day 63. Fetal body diameter (BD) increased from $ 5.96{\pm}0.84mm$ on day 30 to $43.76{\pm}3.36mm$ on day 63. Of the fetal structures, HD was the most accurate for estimation of gestational age after day 38 to parturition.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.5.1-5.7
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• 2021

The olfactory organs of two African lungfishes, Protopterus amphibius and P. dolloi, were investigated using a stereo microscope and a compound light microscope and were described anatomically, histologically, and histochemically. Like other lungfishes, these species present the following general features: i) elongated olfactory chamber (OC), ii) anterior nostril at the ventral tip of the upper lip, iii) posterior nostril on the palate of the oral cavity, iv) lamellae with multiple cell types such as olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, lymphatic cells, and mucous cells (MC), and vi) vomero-like epithelial crypt (VEC) made of glandular epithelium (GE) and crypt sensory epithelium. Some of these features exhibit differences between species: MCs are abundant in both the lamellar and inner walls of the OC in P. amphibius but occur only in lamellae in P. dolloi. On the other hand, some between feature differences are consistent across species: the GE of both P. amphibius and P. dolloi is strongly positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff (deep violet coloration), and positive with hematoxylin and eosin and with Masson's trichrome (reddish-brown staining), unlike the MCs of the two species which stain dark red with both Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff and Masson's trichrome but respond faintly to hematoxylin and eosin. The differing abundance of MCs in the two lungfishes might reflect different degrees in aerial exposure of the olfactory organ, while the neutral and acid mucopolysaccharide-containing VEC, as indicated by staining properties of the MCs, is evolutionary evidence that P. amphibius and P. dolloi are the closest living relatives to tetrapods, at least in the order Dipnoi.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.319-325
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• 2022

Two-port laparoscopic ovariectomy (Lap-OVE) has been performed in small dogs, using 3-mm and 5-mm portal sites, and is associated with reduced surgical stress and postoperative pain. However, extension of the incision is often needed to extract the ovaries. In this study, we aimed to minimize invasiveness by using smaller-sized cannulas as well as a novel technique for ovary extraction. Lap-OVE was performed on six, healthy female dogs (range, 3 to 7.2 kg) using two 3-mm midline portals. The middle finger of a size M nitrile glove was cut at its base and sterilized preoperatively. The ovary was suspended at the body wall using a 1-0 blue nylon needle, and the ovarian pedicle and ligaments were transected using a 3-mm bipolar forceps. To facilitate the glove passing through the 3.9-mm port, it was turned inside out to expose the smooth inner surface, before being inserted into the abdominal cavity with an applicator. Both ovaries were placed inside, and the mouth of the glove was exteriorized through the port with a laparoscopic grasping forceps. The ovaries were morcellated inside the glove, using Adison-Brown tissue forceps and iris scissors, which enabled safe extraction without incision enlargement. Median incision lengths were 4.3 mm (3.5-mm cranial cannula) and 4.8 mm (3.9-mm caudal cannula). An advantage of this procedure was that there was no need for skin sutures. In conclusion, using our novel technique, sutureless Lap-OVE was possible in small dogs using two 3-mm portal sites without additional incision.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.973-979
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• 2024

In the framework of the Generation IV research and development project, in which the French Commission of Alternative and Atomic Energies (CEA) is involved, a main objective for the design of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is to meet the safety goals for severe accidents. Among the severe ones, the Unprotected Transient OverPower (UTOP) accidents can lead very quickly to a global melting of the core. UTOP accidents can be considered either as slow during a Control Rod Withdrawal (CRW) or as fast. The paper focuses on fast UTOP accidents, which occur in a few milliseconds, and three different scenarios are considered: rupture of the core support plate, uncontrolled passage of a gas bubble inside the core and core mechanical distortion such as a core flowering/compaction during an earthquake. Several levels and rates of reactivity insertions are also considered and the thermal-mechanical behavior of an ASTRID fuel pin from the ASTRID CFV core is simulated with the GERMINAL code. Two types of fuel pins are simulated, inner and outer core pins, and three different burn-up are considered. Moreover, the feedback from the CABRI programs on these type of transients is used in order to evaluate the failure mechanism in terms of kinetics of energy injection and fuel melting. The CABRI experiments complete the analysis made with GERMINAL calculations and have shown that three dominant mechanisms can be considered as responsible for pin failure or onset of pin degradation during ULOF/UTOP accident: molten cavity pressure loading, fuel-cladding mechanical interaction (FCMI) and fuel break-up. The study is one of the first step in fast UTOP accidents modelling with GERMINAL and it has shown that the code can already succeed in modelling these type of scenarios up to the sodium boiling point. The modeling of the radial propagation of the melting front, validated by comparison with CABRI tests, is already very efficient.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.109-121
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• 2010

The bioleaching experiment under $42^{\circ}C$ was effectively carried out to leach the more valuable element ions from the pyrite in the Gangyang mine waste. Bacteria can survive at this temperature, as indigenous acidophilic bacteria were collected in the Hatchobaru acidic hot spring, in Japan. To enhance the bacterial activity, yeast extract was added to the pyrite-leaching medium. The indigenous acidophilic bacteria appeared to be rod-shaped in the growth-medium which contained elemental sulfur and yeast extract. The rod-shaped bacteria ($0.7\times2.6\;{\mu}m$, $0.6\times7\;{\mu}m$, $0.8\times5\;{\mu}m$ and $0.7\times8.4\;{\mu}m$) were attached to the pyrite surface. The colonies of the rod-shaped bacteria were selectively attached to the surroundings of a hexagonal cavity and the inner wall of the hexagonal cavity, which developed on a pyrite surface. Filament-shaped bacteria ranging from $4.92\;{\mu}m$ to $10.0\;{\mu}m$ in length were subsequently attached to the surrounding cracks and inner wall of the cracks on the pyrite surface. In the XRD analysis, the intensity of (111), (311), (222) and (320) plane on the bacteria pyrite sample relatively decreased in plane on the control pyrite sample, whereas the intensity of (200), (210) and (211) increased in these samples. The microbiological leaching content of Fe ions was found to be 3.4 times higher than that of the chemical leaching content. As for the Zn, microbiological leaching content, it was 2 times higher than the chemical leaching content. The results of XRD analysis for the bioleaching of pyrite indicated that the indigenous acidophilic bacteria are selectively attacked on the pyrite specific plane. It is expected that the more valuable element ions can be leached out from the mine waste, if the temperature is increased in future bioleaching experiments.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.213-232
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• 2000

The development of the knee joint was studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 20 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length ($7\sim30$ weeks of gestational age). The appearance of the primordium of the meniscus and cruciate ligament was conspicuous as the mesenchymal cells , preceeding that of joint space at 30 mm fetus. The primitive joint cavity was first seen in the interzone from the 40 mm fetus and its intermediate layer proceeded developing as a narrow cleft which was closely incorporated with two chondrogenic layers. Poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells of the meniscus at 40 mm fetus containing predominantly free ribosomes differentiated into fibroblasts at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus, the fibroblast in inner zone of the meniscus presented as oval profiles with a short cell processes, whereas middle and peripheral zones presented as elongated cells. Differentiation of the synovial membrane coincided with clarification of the joint cavity When dilatation of the synovial cavity occurred, the two types of synovial cells were identified at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus a majority of the intimal cells were B-type. B-type cells were clearly distinguishable from A-type cells by their content of extensive rough endoplasmic reticula and well developed Golgi complexes. In contrast, A-type cells had numerous filopodia, pinocytotic vesicles, lysosomes and large vacuoles. At 260 mm fetus the B-type cells were also a majority of intimal cells. At 260 mm fetus the inner zone of the meniscus was filled with parallel oriented fascicles of collagenous fibers and oval fibroblasts. The middle zone was constituted of parallel and radially arranged fibers and fibroblasts. The outer zone was populated by elongated fibroblasts encircled by crossed collagenous fibers with the blood vessels. At 30 mm fetus the fibroblasts of the cruciate ligament contained rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria. Collagen fibrils were noted within narrow cytoplasmic processes which were continued with the extracellular space. Collagen fibrils of ligament were filled in the bulk of extracellular space at 100 mm fetus. By $150\sim260mm$ fetus, the cruciate ligaments were constituted of longitudinally oriented bundle of collagen fibrils with irregular rows of round cells between.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide the microanatomical information of the heart-kidney complex of Tegillarca granosa. The heart-kidney complex was located in the pericardial cavity between the dosal visceral mass and posterior adductor muscle. The heart composed of two atrium and one ventricle. The kidney composed of a pair of left and right. The atrium and ventricle of the heart were composed of the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium of simple epithelial layer composed of cuboidal epithelial cells that had a strong basophilic nucleus located in the center. The myocardium composed of muscle fiber bundles. The myocardium in ventricle was denser than in the atrium. The endocardium of simple epithelial layer composed of squamous epithelial cell that had a strong basophilic nucleus was located in the center. The endocardium thickness of the atrium was $6.04({\pm}2.26){\mu}m$, endocardium thickness of the atrium was $7.36({\pm}3.21){\mu}m$, and appeared to be thicker in the ventricle. The kidney composed of numerous renal tubules. The renal tubule of simple epithelial layer composed of columnar epithelial cell with nucleus located in the basal zone and a number of cytoplasmic granules. The developed striated border was the inner epidermis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to discover whether Yukmijihwangtang which was added Plygalae Radix, Acori graminei Rhizoma, has antioxidant effects on aged senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) P8. The control group used 12 months old SAM P8 and the experimental group was treated with Yukmijihwangtang extracts from 8 to 12 months old. In the liver, the MnSOD of the control group were approximately 11% higher than that of the experimental group treated with herbal extracts, but CuZnSOD activities of the experimental group were approximately 20% higher than that of the control group. The catalase activities of the experimental group was approximately 67% higher than that of the control group. The hepatocytes, in the control group compared with the experimental group, contained the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the abnormal mitochondira which had electron-dense matrix and indistinguishable cristae. The inner cavity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were slightly dilated, and a number of vacuoles and transitional vesicles occured in of the hepatocytes of the control group. These results suggest that the herbal extract has an antioxidant effects on the liver of SAM P8.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

Pardosa astrigera possessed eight eyes arranged in three rows on the frontal carapace. A pair of small anterior lateral eyes (ALE) flanked each side by an anterior median eyes (AME) lay along the anterior margin that was situated on the anterior row of clypeus. The anterior lateral eye was composed of cornea, vitreous body, and retina. Cornea was made up mainly of exocuticle lining the cuticle. Lens in anterior lateral eye was biconvex type which bulged into the cavity of the eyecup. Outer and inner central region of lens were approximately spherical with radius of curvature $5.6{\mu}m$ and $12.5{\mu}m$, respectly. Vitreous body formed a layer between the cuticular lens and retina. They formed biconcave shape. Retina of the anterior lateral eyes was composed of three types of cells: visual cells, glia cells, and pigment cells. The visual cells were unipolar neuron, as were the receptor of the posterior lateral eye. But cell body was unique to the anterior lateral eyes. They were giant cell, relatively a few in number, and under the layer of vitreous bodies. Each visual cell healed rhabdomeres for a short stretch beneath the cell body. Rhabdomes were irregulary pattern in retina and electron dense pigment granules scattered between the rhabdomes. Glia cell situated at the cell body of visual cell and glia cell process reached to rhabdomere portion. Below the rhabdome, tapetum were about $30{\mu}m$ distance from lens, which composed of 4-5 layers. It was about $25{\mu}m$ length that intermediate segment of distal portion of visual cell. Electron dense pigment granules between the intermediate segment were observed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.627-633
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• 1997

Gonad structure, germ cell development and reproductive cycle of the smallmouth scorpionfish, Scorpaena miostoma were investigated based on histological method. Samples were collected monthly in the vicinity of Suyoung Bay, Pusan, Korea from November 1995 to October 1996. The testis is seminiferous tubule type in internal structure. Seminiferous tubule consists of numerous testicular cysts which contain numerous germ cells in same developmental stage. The ovary consists of several ovarian lamellae originated from ovarian outer membrane. Oogonia originated from the inner surface of the ovarian lamella protrude to the ovarian cavity in oocyte stage, and they are suspended by the egg stalk. Biological minimum size of female and male were 12.5cm in total length. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female (3.81) and male (0.23) were the highest in October. Reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: in female, growing stage $(May\~August)$, maturation stage $(September\~October)$, ripe and spawning stage $(November\~December)$, recovery and resting stage $(January\~April)$, and in male, growing stage $(June\~August)$, maturation stage $(September\~October)$, ripe and spent stage $(November\~January)$ and recovery and resting stage $(February\~May)$.