• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2005

Injury has recently become a major world-wide health problem. Injury related deaths occur in many actively working young people and produce major social and economical losses. However health related specialists do not recognize the importance of injury and there have not been many studies related to this problem. This research studied the trends of injury related research in Korea, mortality rate and prevalence rate, socio-economical losses and control in Korea and out of the country, based on literature from Korea and without such as statistical yearly reports on causes of deaths and OECD health reports, as well as WHO web sites. Studies in Korea about injury were very few, with 9 in the 1960's, 5 in the 1980's, 4 in the 1990's and 5 in 2000's. Mortality rate of injury was higher in Korea than in England, USA or Japan, especially in car accidents, suicide and falls. In Korea, the yearly trends in mortality rates were highest in car accidents but those rates are falling, suicide is steadily rising, with highest rate in 2003. Falls is in second rank with no change in rates. In 2003, the ten causes of death in Korea were suicide in 5th rank, transport accidents in 7th rank, and falls in 10th rank. Considering age groups, in the teens, transport accidents were 1st rank, in the 20's and 30's, suicide was 1st rank, and although there were some differences, falls, drowning, assault, fire were in the top 10. Prevalence rates of injury could not be known, but in 2001, according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey, lifelong injury was 10%, and yearly major injury was 1.3%, major injury for two weeks was 0.1%, and minor injury was 10%. In other foreign countries, injury has become to be recognized as a major health related problem, and much programs are being set up to reduce injury related deaths and injuries. WHO is putting much effort in prevention of violence and transport accidents, and in the USA, Canada and Europe, there are injury surveillance systems. Recently, as suicide is increasing rapidly and providing much problems, each country are managing suicide prevention programs. In Korea, Ministry of Construction and Transportation is managing and guiding the policies for prevention of transport accidents. In September of 2004, the Ministry of Health and Welfare has set up a 5 year plan of suicide prevention.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3D
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

Construction safety control system had improved constantly but the severity rate of injury don't reduced, safety level of construction don't progressed as usual. In order to reduce of the severity rate of injury safety control in site is important but it needs to improve form of system that introduce obligation of safety design and design safety appraisement, an effect use method of safety control cost. The safety control cost is problem that reduce than design cost accordance bidding rate and use a little safety facility cost compare with labor cost. This study tried reduce the severity rate of injury by propose effective improvement scheme through relevant problem analysis to the safety control cost and remove caution that the severity rate of injury don't reduced.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 2015

The research of occupational injury for safety and health is a comparatively recent occurrence. As labor activities took place regarding to employee concerns in industrial uprising, human resources health was tried to enhanced as a labor safety subject. Noticing that traditional statistics approach has limitations in learning future forecasting and major factors causing occupational injuries in each industry, Korean Government initiated a quantitative systematic simulation model project to analyze how the annual injury rate has been dropped and stays in a level for recent years. From this motivation and the project, system dynamics models have been developed to explain the mechanisms for reducing annual injury rate, and the mechanisms quantitatively. The main cause effects for the reduction of annual injury rate were due to the government driven investment on safety facilities. In overall viewpoint the gain achievable from these efforts has been reached a saturated level. However, it could reduce the annual injury rate if you chose the industry and size carefully. The model for forecasting, major injury factors, safety budget and allocation are introduced and analyzed, and Analyzing occupational injury related factors can also reduce employee injury and disease related costs, including medical care, quit, and disability assistance costs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the injury rates and risk factors for preschool children in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. Method : A questionnaire survey about medically attended injuries during the preschool period was performed in nine primary schools located in Daegu city, Pohang city and Goryung County. The overall injury rate was estimated using person-year. The causes and patterns of the injuries, and their risk factors were examined. Result : A total of 469 medically attended injuries were reported in 330 of the 959 study subjects during the preschool period. The overall annual injury rate was 7.5 per 100 children. The injury rate increased sharply during the period from infant (2.4) to 1 year of age (7.5), and the peak injury rate (9.2) was reported for 5 year olds. The most common causes of injuries were falling (36.0%), followed by being struck by an object (23.7%), and traffic accidents (14.1%). Among the traffic accidents, 72.8% occurred while playing on the road, riding a bicycle or roller-skating. A proportional hazard model showed that males (hazard ratio=1.49, p<0.001 compared with female) and the mother's higher education level (hazard ratio of college or higher= 1.51, p=0.013; high school=1.32, p=0.085 compared with those of middle school or lower) were significant risk factors of childhood injury. Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that efforts for children's safety should be made, especially from the toddler stage, and in male children. To develop a more specific childhood injury prevention program, a surveillance system for injuries should be established. Further study of the relationship between mother's occupation and injury rates is also needed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Purposes: There have been many efforts to improve the service of emergency centers. In spite of these, no evidence is showing any landmark advancement of emergency services, especially in the hospital stage, exists. We need some efficient standard criteria to evaluate emergency service in the hospital stage, and a useful method might utilize the overcrowding index. We want to know the change in the overcrowding index at a regional emergency center after injury area administration. Injury area means an area in which only an assigned duty physician manages patients with injuries such as those from traffic accidents, falls, assualts, collisions, lacerations, amputations, bums, intoxication, asphyxia, drowning, animal bites, sexual assualts, etc. Methods: We started to operate an injury area in our emergency department from late 2004, and from January to June in 2004 and in 2005, we collected patients' data, age, sex, assigned department, and result from hospital order communication system to figure out overcrowding indices and result indices. We found the daily number of patients, the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, the emergency operation rate, the ED stay duration, and the ED patient volume to be overcrowding indices. Also we found the withdrawal rate, the transfer rate, and mortality to be result indices. We compared these indices between 2004 to 2005 by using a t-test. Results: There was a significant increase in the daily number of visiting patients in 2005, overcrowding indices, such as the turnover rate, the admission rate, the ICU admission rate, and the emergency operation rate, also showed statistically significant increases in 2005 (P<0.001). As for the result indices, there was a noticeable decrease in the number of withdrawals (11.77/day in 2004 to 4.53/day in 2005). Conclusion: Operating an injury area in a mildly overcrowded local emergency center is beneficial. Evaluating the effect of operating an injury area and it's impact on hospital finances by conducting a similar study analyziing patients for a longer duration would be valuable.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.192-196
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• 2017

Purpose: Blunt injury accounts for 80-95% of renal injury trauma in the United States. The majority of blunt renal injuries are low grade and 80-85% of these injuries can be managed conservatively. However, there is a debate on the management of patients with high-grade renal injury. We reviewed our experience of renal trauma at our trauma center to assess management strategy for high-grade blunt renal injury. Methods: We reviewed blunt renal injury cases admitted at a single trauma center between August 2007 and December 2015. Computed tomography (CT) scan was used to diagnose renal injuries and high-grade (according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [AAST] organ injury scale III-V) renal injury patients were included in the analysis. Results: During the eight-year study period, there were 62 AAST grade III-V patients. 5 cases underwent nephrectomy and 57 underwent non-operative management (NOM). There was no difference in outcome between the operative group and the NOM group. In the NOM group, 24 cases underwent angioembolization with a 91% success rate. The Incidence of urological complications correlated with increasing grade. Conclusions: Conservative management of high-grade blunt renal injury was considered preferable to operative management, with an increased renal salvage rate. However, high-grade injuries have higher complication rates, and therefore, close observation is recommended after conservative management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational safety and health(OSH) state of precarious employee. Methods: The questionnaire of this survey is composed of 9 categories that are the workplace general information and the state of occupational injury and disease, OSH organization, OSH education and training. The subjects of this survey were the Manufacturing. The hypothesis of this study is where the proportion of precarious employee is higher, the OSH state is worse. To verify this hypothesis, we grouped the subjects into three categories by the proportion of precarious employee like as 0%(all standard employee), less than 30% and 30% or more. Using the SPSS 12.0 program to analyze the data, logistic regression analysis were implemented to find affective factors for the rate of occupational injury and disease. Results: 2,633 manufacturing workplaces were included for subjects. The proportions of precarious employee were 9.6 %. In manufacturing industry, about 70 % companies had no precarious employee. 16.8 % companies were in less than 30 % group, 13.2 % companies were in 30% or more group. For the rate of occupational injury and disease, the precarious group were 0.85(${\pm}1.8$), 1.19(${\pm}2.9$), 0.59(${\pm}1.1$). There was a trend that the higher precarious proportion groups was the higher rate of occupational injury and disease by the logistic regression analysis. It is more strong relationship than company size and OSH committee. Conclusions: We could find a significant result there was a positive relationship between the hiring proportion of precarious employee and the rate of occupational injury and disease in manufacturing industry with 50 employees and more.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.40.1-40.7
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• 2019

Background: Through the analysis of clinical data, we attempted to investigate the etiology and determine the risk of severe iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries in the removal of the mandibular third molar. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who had undergone microsurgical repair of lingual nerve injuries. The following data were collected and analyzed: patient sex, age, nerve injury side, type of impaction (Winter's classification, Pell and Gregory's classification). Ratios for the respective lingual nerve injury group data were compared with the ratios of the respective data for the control group, which consisted of data collected from the literature. The data for the control group included previous patients that encountered various complications during the removal of the mandibular third molar. Results: The lingual nerve injury group consisted of 24 males and 58 females. The rate of female patients with iatrogenic lingual nerve injuries was significantly higher than the control groups. Ages ranged from 15 to 67 years, with a mean age of 36.5 years old. Lingual nerve injury was significantly higher in the patient versus the control groups in age. The lingual nerve injury was on the right side in 46 and on the left side in 36 patients. There was no significant difference for the injury side. The distoangular and horizontal ratios were the highest in our lingual nerve injury group. The distoangular impaction rate in our lingual nerve injury group was significantly higher than the rate for the control groups. Conclusion: Distoangular impaction of the mandibular third molar in female patients in their 30s, 40s, and 50s may be a higher risk factor of severe lingual nerve injury in the removal of mandibular third molars.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of silver thiosulfate(STS) in reducing $O_3$ injury to tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentm Mill. 'Pink Glory'). Two days prior to $O_3$ fumigation, plants were given a foliar spray of STS solution at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mM contained with 0.05% Tween-20. STS concentrations below 0.6 mM were significantly effective in providing protection aginst $O_3$ exposure(16 h at 0.3 ppm). STS reduced leaf injury rate, defoliation of cotyledons, ethylene production and degree of epinasty induced by $O_3$ injury. STS slightly increased ethylene production in non-$O_3$-fumigated plants, but changes of chlorophyll content and transpiration rate on a whole plant basis were not observed. In $O_3$-fumigated plants, STS treatment reduced chlorophyll destruction but did not affect transpiration rate. STS treatment seemed not to affect peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in non-fumigated plants but reduced increasing activity of POD by $O_3$ fumigation. However, such an effect as above was not found in SOD activity. Even though enzymatic protection effects were not confirmed, the fact that reduction of acute injury rate was attained for 16 h fumigation indicates that the phytoprotective effects of STS are not necessarily related to blocking the action of strees-induced-ethylene as an anti-ethylene agent.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 2015

Last five years, Occupational injury rate is declining but still a standstill as 2%, if the rate of deaths all people from 2% to 1% in 2013, but decreased as, occupational safety and health in terms industrial accidents yet has a very weak structure in very small Manufacturing workplace. The purpose of this study was to survey a 1:1 directly person interviews with a structured questionnaire intended for 150 a very small manufacturing workplace. In the results, working with non-regular(informal) workers is one in 10 persons 11.7% and female workers is about three people on 10 persons with 31.0%, and that 75% of non-regular workers who are mainly engaged in the production line appeared. And the work-related injury and accident experience was 4.0% and the occupational injury rate was 1.24%, especially occupational injury rate of older workers was 3.65%, a female workers 1.72%. Workplace risk assessment carried out in response that it was very low as 9.3% of the total. In the technology and funding programs that are supported by the government, was highest with 62.7% of the clean support program awareness, awareness of the rest of the programs is about 10-14% lower. And the satisfaction of supporting a clean support program were the highest 81.3%.