• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2003

공생적 질소고정에 의해서 생장에 필요한 질소를 공급받는 콩과식물이 염분 스트레스하에서 보이는 생장반응 및 무기이온 양상을 규명하기 위해 대표적인 콩과식물 4종(대두, 팥, 긴강남차, 자귀나무)을 질소고정균을 접종한 다음, 무질소구와 질소공급구(2.5 mM $NH_4NO_3$)로 나누어서 0, 10, 40 및 100 mM NaCl을 처리하였으며, 식물의 생장반응 그리고 무기이온 및 총질소함량을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 대두, 팥 및 자귀나무의 경우, 40 mM NaCl 이상의 염처리에 의해 현저한 생장저해를 보였으나, 긴강남차는 100 mM NaCl 까지 정상적인 생장을 보였다. 무기이온에 대해서도 대두, 팥 및 자귀나무는 현저한 생장저해현상을 보였던 40 mM NaCl 이상의 처리구에서는 과도한 $Na^+$및 $Cl^+$이온의 축적양상을 보였으나, 긴강남차의 경우 염 농도의 증가에도 불구하고 체내 일정한 무기이온함량을 유지하였다. 4종 콩과식물은 공생적 질소고정에 전적으로 의존하는 식물보다 외부에서 질소를 공급한 경우 체내 일정한 이온함량을 유지하였다. 질소양상에 있어, 대두와 팥은 염 농도가 증가함에 따라 총질소함량이 점차 감소한 반면 긴강남차와 자귀나무는 염 구배에 따라 총질소함량(특히 불용성질소)이 점차 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 대두와 팥에서 총질소함량은 감소하였지만 아미노산 함량은 증가하여 높은 가용성/불용성 질소비를 나타내었다. 다소 예외는 있지만 조사된 4종 콩과식물에서 부가적인 질소공급은 생장의 증가는 물론 특정이온 및 고농도 염에 의한 독성효과를 완화시킴으로써 염에 대한 내성을 증가시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was focus on development of educational objectives by using oral health education in the elementary school from now on. Based on the results of analysis compared with a model of educational objectives and contents by reflecting the programs for analysis were the oral health education programs of the Ministry of health and social Affairs in Korea, and the programs of two states in u.s. in order to construct goals and contents of oral health education in school. The results in this study can be arranged as follows: First, an analysis on the educational objectives of dental health education program resulted that, from a viewpoint of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, in case of domestic, most learning objectives expressed in the handbook of Ministry of Health and social Welfare were given too much emphasis to the cognitive domain of 37 an items in all. Affective domain were appeared the lack of balance of the development domain. Second, the result of analysis for the programs of two states of America, the cognitive domain were the most abundant of 48 an items in all, and were not significantly different to those of Korea in the form of objectives domain or statement. However a big different was shown that they organized the same objectives domain as a pattern of repeating and deepening at every grade. Third, in this study, 10 educational objectives of dental health education were established, based on the result of analyzing those existing educational programs as central figure. Those are oral cavity, brushing, nutrition of teeth, fluoride, flossing, teeth injury, dental decay, periodontal disease, malocclusion, routine dental visits. And general objectives and specific objectives of each learning area were stated and arranged grade by grade.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1998

Fractures of the clavicles are extremely common, accounting for 5 to 10% of all injuries in the adult skeletal trauma. Despite this, nonunions and symptomatic malunions after clavicular fracture are uncommon. When these complications occur, however, they may be associated with 11 pattern of disability that includes not only pain but also impairment of upper extremity function. The purpose of this study was to clarify the outcome of clavicular fractures treated by conservatively, and emphasize treatment and factors that possibly predispose a clavicular fracture to poor function or nonunion. We evaluated 9] consecutive fractures of the middle-third of the clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively. There were 59 males and 33 females ranging in age from 17 to 80 years (average 36.8 years). Nine of the 91 fractures (10%) had developed nonunion, and 4 fractures (4.4%) reported unsatisfactory results. No patients had significant impairment of range of motion or strength as a result of the injury. We found that initial shortening at the fracture of≥20mm(6 cases) had a highly significantly association with nonunion(P<0.0001). Final shortening of 20mm or more (4 cases) was associated with an unsatisfactory result, but not with nonunion(P<0.0001). Our results have led us to recommend the open reduction and internal fixation of severely displaced fractures of the middle third of the clavicle in adults patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2004

Objective : The present studies investigated the effects of 120 Hz high frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on the stress-induced stomach dysfunction in relation to its effect on the level of stress hormones and gastric mucosal damages. The gastric mucosal injury was induced by cold-restraint stress and two acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man were used. Methods : Cold-restraint stress produced typical gastric lesions in all rats of the stressed groups, but the number of ulcers as well as the mean ulcer diameter were reduced by 120 Hz EA pre-treatment. Results : The degranulation value of gastric mast cell was significantly higher in cold-restrained rats than in control ones. However, with the significant reduction of degranulation values of gastric mast cells in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained rats. Cold-restarint stress induced an elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory gene such as cyclooxygenases-2 and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, but these expression were down-regulated in EA pre-treated rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that while the $inhibitory-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ immunorection in the surface epithelium of the stomach tended to increase, both reactions in the EA pre-treated rats showed similar pattern as observed in controls. Conclusion : These results suggest that 120 Hz EA may act as a therapeutical means for gastric mucosal damages through an activation of pituitary adrenal system. It could be concluded that 120 Hz high frequency electroaucupuncture affords a good protective potential against stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluates a new banana bulk packaging method under the real transport conditions of Sri Lanka. Methods: A field evaluation of optimized 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets used as the cushioning material was applied. A trial transport was conducted from Thambuttegama to Colombo using a medium-sized open truck, with banana leaves as the control material. Data were recorded at the farmer, transporter, retailer, and consumer stages of the supply chain. Mechanical damage, physiological loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ripeness index, visual quality ratings, and the physical damage index of the bananas were measured at each stage. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted for both packaging methods. Results: The 8-mm styrofoam sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the mechanical damage from 26.3% to 12.9% compared to the conventional method for long-distance transport, and the physiological loss in weight showed a decrease of 2.88%. The loss of firmness of the fruits followed a simmilar pattern for both methods until reaching the retailer, but at the consumer was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the control. However, the physical damage index at the retail stage for the control showed symptoms of physical injury, whereas the bananas transported using the cushioning materials exhibited only minor symptoms. Further, the visual quality of the fruits after transport from the farmer to the consumer was preserved, which is one of the main factors affecting consumer preference and retail price. The proposed method increases the profit margin by 51.2% for Embul bananas owing to the reduced postharvest losses. Conclusion: The 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets reduced the physical damage to the bananas, with the quality parameters maintained at the prefered level. Moreover, profits may be increased.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

Purpose: The nasal bone fracture is known as the most common facial fracture. Several authors reported the classification of nasal bone fracture. Stranc classified the type of nasal fractures based on a pattern of impaction and level of injuries. Stranc classification proposed here is based on careful clinical observation and relates to both treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine any predictive value to the preoperative classification of nasal fracture, using the description by Stranc and Robertson. Methods: We reviewed 310 patients with nasal bone fracture treated at our hospital for last two years. Results: Lateral impact type of nasal bone fracture predominated more than frontal impact in the ratio of 2.3:1. The most common type of Stranc classification was lateral impact plane I(48.4%). Male predominated more than female in the ratio of 3:1. The most frequent age group was first decade(27.1%), second decade in frontal impact(30.5%), first decade in lateral impact (30.7%). The most common etiology was violence (31.3%) followed by slip down(21.3%), and traffic accident(18.1 %).The most common associated fracture was orbital(22.9%) followed by zygoma(10%), and maxilla (6.1%). The most common complication was septal deviation(20.0%) in frontal impact, and nasal deformity (26.0%) in lateral impact. The incidence of nasal deformity in lateral impact(26.0%) was more higher than frontal impact(15.8%) Conclusion: By assessing the pathomechanics and resultant degree of injury to the nasal skeleton, a better understanding of the treatment plan and prognosis was obtained. Using this information, satisfactory informed patient consent can be obtained.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to the kinetic variables effects from the use of arch support inserts on low-arched people. We selected 10 people for the research and separated them into 2 groups, 5 people for the normal arched group and 5 people for the low arched group. Each group wear shoes which have a 3 step convertible arch support (level 0, level 2, level 5) and we measured their foot pressure and 3D motion analysis data. As a result, we found that the mean pressure at the heel of the low arched group was decreased when using the arch supports. The arch support induced the correct grounding area for the foot and dispersion of foot pressure. 3D motion analysis found that as the height of the arch support was increased, the movement of the Y-axis(inversion-eversion) was increased to relieve the shock to the heel. The arch support insert limited the range of motion(ROM) of the Z-axis(abduction-adduction) of the low arched person's ankle joint and prevented ankle injury caused by the excessive eversion when walking. Low arched people are seen to be easily tired due to the ineffective shock absorption of the knees and abnormal walking motion. In order to improve the problems, a 3 step convertible arch support(level 5) insert would improve the low-arched people's walking ability. In other words, the low arched people should be expected to walk as well as normal arched people when they wear shoes with the arch support insert.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.527-535
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• 2015

본 연구는 간호사들의 근무환경에 따른 직업적 손상 및 신체적, 정신적 건강상태를 비교분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 서울의 한 대학병원에 근무하는 192명의 간호사를 조사대상으로 하였다. 근무환경과 직업적 손상에 따른 건강상태의 각각의 범주를 분석한 결과 신체적, 정신적 건강에 의미있는 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 교대근무는 고정근무에 비해 직업적 손상과 상당한 관련이 있었다. 또한 밤근무가 다른 근무형태에 비해 간호사들의 신체적, 정신적 건강에 부정적 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 따라서 근무환경과 직업적 손상에 의한 그들의 건강상 문제를 고려하여 근무체계가 개발되어야 할 필요가 있다. 그리고 밤근무자들을 위한 추가적인 지원 및 효과적인 밤근무를 위한 연구를 해야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.296-300
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• 1998

본 실험은 담배에서 염스트레스에 따른 생리적 반응의 연구결과(제1보)를 기초로, NaCl를 농도별로 처리하여 생체내에서 일어나는 생화학적인 변화의 구명을 통해 염해기작의 기초자료로 얻고자 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 총단백질과 가용성단백질은 염농도가 높아질수록 감소하였으며 처리간에는 120mM까지는 완만히 감소하였고, 150mM에서는 급격한 감소를 나타냈다. 전기영동 패턴은 염농도의 증가에 따라 새로운 polypeptide band의 생성과 소멸은 없었으며 약 74Kd의 polypeptide band에서 30mM과 60mM까지는 뚜렷한 양이 증가하였고 90mM부터는 감소하였다. 엽록소함량은 염농도의 증가에 따라 감소하였으며 특히 염해에 의한 반응은 엽록소b보다는 엽록소a가 민감하였다. ATPase활성과 peroxidase의 활성은 염농도가 높아질수록 120mM까지는 일정하게 증가하였으나 150mM에서 급격히 증가하여 담배의 염해의 생화학적인 제한범위는 120mM로 나타났다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2002

저자들은 1개월 전부터 시작된 호흡 곤란과 마른 기침이 주증상인 10세 된 여아에서 조직학적 소견에서 비특이성 간질성 폐렴으로 진단된 1례를 보고하는 바이다.