• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: This study aimed at investigating the effects of sulfur-containing compounds widely used as environment-friendly organic fungicides against ginseng anthracnose, and determining the appropriate application concentration for lowering chemical injury to ginseng leaves. Ginseng anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a destructive disease that significantly reduces the yield of ginseng. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ginseng anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a destructive disease that significantly reduces the yield of ginseng. In a 2-year-old ginseng grown in a pot, treatment with loess-sulfur complex containing 0.06% sulfur and fermented loess-sulfur complex containing 0.13% sulfur did not show any chemical injuries. In order to measure the therapeutic effectiveness, various sulfur-containing compounds were applied to the plants after they were infected with ginseng anthracnose. Treatment with lime sulfur complex (400 dilution) showed the highest ginseng anthracnose control value, followed by fermented loess-sulfur complex (20 dilution), fermented loess-sulfur complex (40 dilution), and loess-sulfur complex (400 dilution) treatments. These compounds were applied before the outbreak of anthracnose disease in order to measure the preventive effectiveness, and in this case, treatment with fermented loess-sulfur complex (40 dilution) showed the highest control value and it was comparable to the value of the pesticide treatment used as the control in this experiment. CONCLUSION: Fermented loess-sulfur complex could be recommended as an environment-friendly organic material to control the occurrence of ginseng anthracnose.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.153-172
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• 2009

Background : The safety of Korean herbal Medicine (KHM: prescribed herbal medicine by doctors of traditional Korean medicine) is an important issue in Korea. Although both fields. western medicine and traditional Korean medicine. have been studied on the safety of herbs and KHM, their results were not concordance with each other. Objectives : This study aims to review the influence of KHM on liver function in Korean literature systematically. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change of data of liver function test (LFT) and the incidence of liver injury (LI) after the use of KHM. Methods : Systematic literature searches were performed on 4 major databases of Korea from their inception to May 2008. Screening and selection of the studies and the extraction of data were performed independently by two authors. There were no restrictions on the types of publication including grey literatures. Results : Forty studies were included. Only sixteen studies were performed prospectively and fifteen studies collected data from outpatients. Only 8 studies reported the occurrence of LI after the use of KHM. Nineteen cases of LI showed no or mild symptoms and the elevation of LFT was not high. All of LI patients used conventional western drug and KHM concomitantly. and causality of LI was not assessed properly. The incidence of LI related to the use of KHM was estimated as 0.59%-0.76% from all data of these studies. The conflicting results were shown on the change of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TB) after the use of KHM. Conclusions : KHM might be a minor cause of LI in Korea. However the results are not strongly supported as enough to make the safety issue clear because of the limitations of original studies. More rigorous studies are required for answering the safety issue of KHM with the cooperative investigation of both fields of Korean traditional medicine and western medicine.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.2_3
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• pp.53-58
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• 2010

Internal gas composition of single unit persimmon package was evaluated at $-1^{\circ}C$ as function of package film area and fruit weight in order to find packaging conditions to achieve the optimal modified atmosphere beneficial for keeping the freshness. With large fruit size(${\approx}230\;g$), low permeable films (LLDPE/PP in 35 or $40\;{\mu}m$ thickness and $30\;{\mu}m$ OPP) with an exact fitness to the fruit (surface area of $0.040\;m^2$) resulted in anaerobic atmosphere with occurrence of browning in long term storage. With medium (${\approx}210\;g$) and medium small (${\approx}190g$) sizes, larger surface area of low permeable $35\;{\mu}m$ LLDPE/PP film provided higher $O_2$ and lower $CO_2$ concentrations causing higher occurrence of softening and blackening discoloration. On the other hand, smaller surface area of lower $O_2$ and higher $CO_2$ concentrations had a high risk of browning. Wise combination of fruit size, packaging film and surface area is required for attaining the beneficial modified atmosphere to prevent the physiological injuries.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.123-124
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• 2001

Purpose. Free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of aging, ischemic injury and neurodegenerative disorders. To deform]no whether Hominis Placenta extract prevents $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis, we have performed morphological and biochemical analyses for the detection of apoptotic phenomena in the pineal tumor cell line $PGT-{\beta}$ We have also peformed cytochemical and immunocytochemical analyses for the detection of changes in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and estimated the expression . of apoptotic genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Methods. $PGT-{\beta}\;cells$ were pretreated with Hominis Placenta extracts $(0,\;10^{-2}\;{\mu}g/ml)$ for 2 hours and then exposed to $H_2O_2\;(0,\;50\;{\mu}M)$ for 3 hours. Appearance of apoptotic characteristics were monitored using 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and flow cytometric analysis. NOS activity was measured by NADPH-diaphorase cytochemistry. Expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF k B) was assessed via immunocytochemistry. The expression of apoptotic genes was examined by RT-PCR. Results. After 3 flours of exposure to $H_2O_2$, it was shown that $PGT-{\beta}\;cells$ treated with $H_2O_2(50\;{\mu}M)$ exhibit classical apoptotic features and increases in NOS activity and caspase-3 expression. Treatment with Hominis Placenta extract resulted in a reduced occurrence of apoptotic features. DAPI staining, TUNEL and flow cytometric assays revealed decreases in the occurrence of nuclear fragmentation and in the sub-Gl fraction in the $PGT-{\beta}\;cells$ treated with Hominis Placenta extract. Cells treated with Hominis Placenta extract also showed lower activity of NADPH-diaphorase and immunoreactivities of both iNOS and NF k B than those of $H_2O_2$-treated cells which were not treated with Hominis Placenta extract. By RT-PCR, it was shown that the level of caspase-3 mRNA was derreased In the cells treated with Hominis Placenta . extract. Conclusions. This study shows that Hominis Placenta extract prevents $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in $PGT-{\beta}\;cells$; inhibitions of iNOS and caspnse-3 are possible mechanisms of the protection against apoptosis.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2016

Timely application and the choice of herbicides are crucial for red pepper production since the yield is significantly reduced by weed occurrence. Experiments were conducted to provide efficient weed control methods in red-pepper fields. The results suggest the followings: 1) in the field of prevalent grass weeds, application of pendimethalin EC as pre-emergence herbicide after transplanting followed by tank-mix with pendimethalin and fluazipfop-P-butyl EC as post-emergence at 3-5 leaf stage of Digitalia species gave a good control for 80 days without crop injury, 2) as for grass and other weeds occurrence, sequential application of tank-mix with glufosinate-ammonium SL and pendimethalin at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by glufosinate-ammonium. at < 20 cm of weed height with 30 days' interval provided better weed control than 2-time application of glufosinate-ammonium. single application for 80 days in this trial. 3) To prevent from drifting of non-selective herbicide spray mist into red-pepper at furrow application, glufosinate-ammonium. should be applied at 15 cm of spray nozzle height at 20 DAT (18 cm tall of red pepper), and the spray nozzle should be placed below 30 cm above ground to keep spray drift minimum to red pepper with > 40 cm plant height at 40 DAT.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was based on the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) member survey and aimed to report the current trends in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR) over the past few decades. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 34 questions was sent to all KFAS members in October 2021. The questions were mainly related to the clinical experience and preferred management of patients with AATR. Answers with a prevalence ≥50% of the respondents were considered a tendency. Results: Seventy-one (12.9%) of the 550 members responded to the survey. The male sex ratio in AATR was answered mean 78%, and the most common age groups were 30~40 years (n=49; 69.0%), and 40~50 years (n=37; 52.1%), in that order. The most common seasons for the occurrence of AATR were spring (37 cases; 52.1%) and autumn (27 cases; 38.0%). Also, sports-related rupture had an average occurrence of 76.2%. The most important clinical factor to determine the type of treatment was the history of previous injuries, and 75.9% of respondents started conservative treatment in the 2010s. The most preferred protocol of conservative treatment was an orthosis capable of ankle range of motion after casting (68.5%), and 53.7% 'satisfied' and 1.9% 'very satisfied' with conservative treatment. The most preferred surgical method was open repair (80.3%), and the Krackow method (60.6%), and 49.3% of treated patients responded 'satisfied' and 45.1% 'very satisfied' with this treatment. Conclusion: This study gives updated information concerning the current trend of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AATR in Korea. Both consensus and variation in the approach to AATR were identified using this survey study. This study may raise the awareness of various possible approaches toward AATR and should be used to further establish a standard protocol for the management of this injury.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate natural recovery of neurologic injury after minor dental surgery based on subjective neurologic evaluation. Materials and Methods: From December 2005 through July 2009, 30 patients from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were identified as having been treated with minor dental surgery. The patients were composed of 12 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 50.6 years. The median duration of this study was 62 weeks. Results: The patients were treated by implants (17 cases), tooth extractions (6 cases), bone grafts (4 cases), inferior alveolar nerve transpositions (2 cases) and periodontal surgery (1 case) prior to the occurrence of altered sensation. Areas of altered sensation after minor surgery included the lip (36.7%), chin (30.0%) and tooth (21.7%), and at final follow-up, there was no change of ranking. Altered sensations expressed by patients included numbness (33.3%), discomfort (22.9%), relieving sense (14.6%), tingling (14.6%) and itching (14.6%). There was no change of ranking of altered sensation at the last follow-up. Patients experienced the altered sensation always (47.8%), during tactile stimulation (26.1%), when chewing food (13.0%), and talking (13.0%). Mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was $3.43{\pm}2.84$ for pain and $6.64{\pm}2.72$ for paresthesia. VAS of pain was decreased significantly between the first visit and the end of follow-up, and paresthesia also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Altered sensations may occur at any time after minor dental surgery, but we observed that natural recovery of altered sensation occurred as time went on.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2010

Excessive oral and maxillofacial bleeding causes upper airway obstruction, bronchotracheal & gastric aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid & correct bleeding control is very important for life-saving in the medical emergency room. In spite of the bleeding control methods of the wound suture & direct pressure, the postoperative bleeding can be occurred, because of the presence of various bleeding disorders & postoperative delayed wound infections. The proper care of bleeding disorders & wound infections are very important for the control of the delayed postoperative rebleeding. In spite of these methods, active oral bleeding can be presented by the other causes of head injury. A rare but particularly dangerous sort of bleeding that may have an especial importance to the patient with severe basal skull fracture that damage large vessels and even the cavernous sinus. The occurrence of profuse nasal or oropharyngeal bleeding may arise from damage to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal vessels, but when mixed with brain tissue it is evidence of mortal damage. In this condition, rapid entire oropharyngeal packing is essential for the control of active oral bleeding. This is a case report of rapid rational bleeding control method by much amount of wet gauze packings, in a 44-years-old male patient with active oropharyngeal bleeding by basal skull fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.336-342
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• 2017

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign lesion originating from the synovial membrane. It presents as adhesive or non-adhesive intra-articular cartilaginous loose bodies. Although the causes of synovial chondromatosis have not been fully elucidated, inflammation, external injury, or excessive use of joints have been suggested as possible causes. Synovial chondromatosis has been reported to occur most frequently at large joints that bear weights, with a rare occurrence at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). When synovial chondromatosis develops at TMJ, clinical symptoms, including pain, joint sounds, and mouth opening may common. Moreover, synovial chondromatosis rarely spreads to the mandibular condyle, glenoid cavity, or articular eminence of TMJ. The goal of this study was to discuss the methods of surgery and other possible considerations by reviewing cases of patients who underwent surgery for synovial chondromatosis that extended to the temporal bone.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

It is well recognized that conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCAB) often leads to major organ dysfunction including renal injury. Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of nephropathy and poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse outcomes including renal impairment between diabetic (n=75, DM group) and non-diabetic patients (n=72, Non-DM group) underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (OPCAB). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, fibrinogen and serum osmolality levels in the DM group were higher than those of the Non-DM group at pre-operative (Pre-OP) period ($P$ <0.05). History of hypertension and renal impairment in the DM group was higher than that of the Non-DM group ($P$ <0.05). Potassium ($K^+$), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were higher, whereas sodium ($Na^+$) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels were lower in the DM group than the Non-DM group at peri-operative period ($P$ <0.05). Fasting glucose levels at Pre-OP period had positive correlations with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels at peri-operative period, but negative correlations with GFR levels at peri-operative period in the DM group ($P$ <0.05). Incidences of renal impairment, diuretic therapy or continuous renal replacement therapy and fever in the DM group were higher than those of the Non-DM group at post-operative period ($P$ <0.05). These results suggest that blood glucose level should be tightly controlled at peri-operative period to avoid renal dysfunction in diabetic patients.