• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the repeated dose toxicity of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, in rats. Before the 13-week main study, a 4-week dose-range finding (DRF) study was carried out. The administration of DA-125 intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 mg/kg/day to rats for 4 weeks resulted in premature deaths of all animals in the 8.0 mg/kg/day group and in the deaths of 4 males and 4 females at 2.0 mg/kg/day. Body weights were markedly reduced in the 8.0 mg/kg/day group and showed dose-related decreases in all treatment groups when compared with the control group. Reductions in weight gain were slight and not significantly different at 0.125 mg/kg/day but animals receiving 0.5 mg/kg/day showed more marked decreases in gain in a clear dose-related manner Based On the results of the above DRF study, a 13-week repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in rats with DA-125 was performed at a dose level of 0, 0.012, 0.08 and 0.3 mg/kg/day. No treatment related effects were noted in behavior or body weight in all treatment groups. One male at the highest dose level died on study day 26, but the death could not be related to test article toxicity. Swelling and scabbing of the ears was present in all of the groups, including the control group. There were no treatment related changes in the hematological, biochemical or urinalysis values in all treatment groups. Thymus weights were significantly reduced ill males receiving 0.3 mg/kg/day and they were sligltly, and not significantly, reduced in females of the same group. While there were no associated histological changes. Treatment related necrosis was found in the tail vein (injection site) at 0.08 and 0.3 mg/kg/day. On the basis of these results, the no observed effect level (NOEL) was 0.012 mg/kg/day and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was estimated to be more than 0.3 mg/kg/day under the conditions tested.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2017

Previous studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation significantly improves the recovery of neurological function in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Potential repair mechanisms involve anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis. However, few studies have focused on the effects of MSCs on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). In this study, MSCs were transplanted intracerebrally into rats 6 hours after HICH. The modified neurological severity score and the modified limb placing test were used to measure behavioral outcomes. Blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal loss were measured by zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and neuronal nucleus (NeuN) expression, respectively. Concomitant edema formation was evaluated by H&E staining and brain water content. The effect of MSCs treatment on neuroinflammation was analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis or polymerase chain reaction of CD68, Iba1, iNOS expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$). The MSCs-treated HICH group showed better performance on behavioral scores and lower brain water content compared to controls. Moreover, the MSC injection increased NeuN and ZO-1 expression measured by immunochemistry/immunofluorescence. Furthermore, MSCs reduced not only levels of CD68, Iba1 and pro-inflammatory factors, but it also inhibited iNOS expression and peroxynitrite formation in perihematomal regions. The results suggest that intracerebral administration of MSCs accelerates neurological function recovery in HICH rats. This may result from the ability of MSCs to suppress inflammation, at least in part, by inhibiting iNOS expression and subsequent peroxynitrite formation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1990

Most of the diagnostic methods currently used for the detection of neoplastic masses provide indirect evidence. To obtain greater specificity in the interpretation of neoplasias by in vivo methods, the immunological approach appears to be most promising. Two problems that interfered with progress in this field were the lack of tumor specific antigen and the lack of well-defined and reproducible antibodies. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoscintigraphy as a technique for tumor localization, the use of monoclonal antibodies, fragments of antibodies and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) are reasonable. The obvious advantages of monoclonal antibodies are their homogeneity, their specificity for the immunizing antigen and the reaction with a single determinant-thus no large immunecomplexes with antigen are formed. Monoclonal antibody technique has recently provided an opportunity to reevaluate the role of nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of malignant diseases by using the immunological approach. Out first results by means of radioimmunoscintigraphy of CEA and CA 19-9 producing tumors using a cocktail of fragments F $(ab')_2$, of mocolonal antibodies to CA 19-9 and CEA labeled with $^{131}I$ (IMACIS-1) are reported. The aims of this investigation was to evaluate the role of immunoscintigraphy in patients with colorectal and other cancers for diagnosis of local recurrences and metastasis. This report contains results of the first 8 colorectal and pancreas cancer patients with the elevation of the level of serum CEA and/or CA 19-9. IMACIS-1 was injected intravenously during 30 minutes in 100 ml saline solution after skin test. Planar scintigrams were recorded 3, 5 and 7 days after the injection of the IMACIS-1. Anterior, lateral and posterior views of the liver as well as anterior and posterior views of the pelvis were obtained in each patients as an $^{131}I-antibody$ image. We were able to localize exactly the malignant process with the double-nuclide double-compound $^{99m}Tc\;^{131}I$ (Tc+l) scintigrams. In Tc & I double-nuclide scintigraphy, computer subtraction display provided more clear localization of the tumor. We compared the results of radioimmunoscintigraphy with CT, ultrasonograms, conventional scintigrams. The results were as follows: 1) The sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoscintigraphy using the fragments $F(ab')_2$ of the cocktails of CEA and CA 19-9 monoclonal antibodies were 80% and 100% respectively. 2) Tumor detection rate was not proportionated to the level of serum tumor markets. 3) Second tracer technique was essential for tumor localization as an anatomic landmark using double-nuclide scintigraphy. 4) A slow infusion of the antibodies was necessary to prevent the formation of large immune complexes. 5) Tumor/non-tumor radioactivity was most elevated at 7 days delayed imaging. 6) Using planar scintigraphic technique of $^{131}I$ labeled monoclonal antibodies are possible for imaging most of the tumors.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.476-483
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• 2010

Total bacterial populations were cultured from the Hydroball cultivation media in the rhizospheres of 9 different plants including $Hedera$ $helix$ L. and $Dracaena$ $deremensis$ cv. Warneckii Compacta, etc. These cultured bacterial populations were studied to test if the bacterial populations in the plant growing pots may play a role on removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene and toluene in the air. To meet this objective, first, we tested the possibility of removal of VOCs by the cultured total bacteria alone. The residual rates of benzene by the inoculation of total bacterial populations from the different plant growth media were significantly different, ranging from 0.741-1.000 of $Spathiphyllum$ $wallisii$ 'Regal', $Pachira$ $aquatica$, $Ficus$ $elastica$, $Dieffenbachia$ sp. 'Marrianne' Hort., $Chamaedorea$ $elegans$, compared to the control with residual rate of 0.596 (LSD, $P$=0.05). This trend was also similar with toluene, depending on different plants. Based on these results, we inoculated the bacterial population cultured from $P.$ $aquatica$ into the plant-growing pots of $P.$ $aquatica$, $F.$ $elastica$, and $S.$ $podophyllum$ inside the chamber followed by the VOCs injection. The inoculated bacteria had significant effect on the removal of benzene and toluene, compared to the removal efficacy by the plants without inoculation, indicating that microbes in the rhizosphere could play a significant role on the removal of VOCs along with plants.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

This study investigated the phylogenetic classification and pathogenicity of 6 infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) strains isolated from salmonid fish in Gangwon-do, Korea. Based on the nucleotide sequence of mid-G region, all six strains belong to J genotype, of which 5 are J-Nagano type and 1 J-Shizuoka type. In a challenge test, 5 isolates of J-Nagano type IHNV showed a various mortalities as 2 isolates induced a high mortality of 100% and the other 3 isolates induced mortalities of 50, 30, and 20% after intraperitoneal injection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Meanwhile no mortality was occurred by 1 isolate of J-Shizuoka type virus. Thus, it seems that there might be no relation between genotype and pathogenicity within IHNV J genotypes. This is contrary to previous studies where reported a higher pathogenicity of J-Shizuoka type virus than J-Nagano type virus in rainbow trout. Further examination will be required to clarify this since only one J-Shizuoka type virus was analyzed in this study.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

The study investigated the dietary effects of medicinal herbs extract and multiple probiotics mixture on the growth performance, innate immune response and antibacterial activity of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tilapia were divided in four groups. The first is a fish group fed a basal diet added with 40% medicinal herbs extract (MHE). The second is a fish group fed a basal diet supplied with $2{\times}10^8CFU/g$ of 2 Bacillus sp, 2 Lactobacillus sp and 2 Yeast sp, respectively (PB). The third group was fed with a mixture of probiotics (2 Bacillus sp, 2 Lactobacillus sp and 2 Yeast sp) with the medicinal herbs extract added in basal diet (MHE+PB). The fourth group was fed only a basal diet (C). In a non-specific immune parameters analysis, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity (PA), alternative complement pathway activity ($ACH_{50}$) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the group MHE+PB compared to other groups. Both PB and MHE groups showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity compared to the control C group, whereas no significant differences were observed in PA, $ACH_{50}$ and SOD activity compared to the control group. In challenging test, fish were administered with Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) on 30 days after feeding with each experimental diet and viable E. tarda cell reduction was checked over 21 days post injection. MHE+PB group showed a significantly (p<0.05) reduced E. tarda cells compared to other groups. No significant antibacterial difference (p>0.05) was observed between PB and MHE only treated group. Compared to the control, a significant antibacterial difference (p<0.05) appeared in PB but not in MHE (p>0.05). The results suggest that the probiotics and MHE mixture could be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of fish diseases caused by E. tarda.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2021

A diagnostic test for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), which infects more than 80 species of freshwater and marine fish at home and abroad, causing mass mortality, was conducted to provide quantitative data on the amount of virus expression in various tissues of flounder in chronological order. The tissues were collected in chronological order after the intraperitoneal injection of 3.0E+07 tissue culture infective dose₅₀ (TCID₅₀) per 0.1mL per fish of VHSV to randomly selected flounder. As a result of relative quantification through real-time PCR, the highest levels of virus expression were found in the spleen, kidney, gill, and liver on day 5. This study proved that the spleen was an appropriate site for the final diagnosis of VHSV in the early stages of infection and will provide important information for the diagnosis of legal infectious diseases in Korea.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.207-213
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• 2019

The fuel-cut coast-down driving mode is activated when the acceleration pedal is released with transmission gear engaged, and it's a default function for electronic-controlled engine of vehicles. The fuel economy becomes better because fuel injection stops during fuel-cut driving mode. A fuel-cut detection method is suggested in the study and it's based on the speed, acceleration and road gradient data from GPS sensor. It detects fuel-cut driving mode by comparing calculated acceleration and realtime acceleration value. The one is estimated with driving resistance in the condition of fuel-cut driving and the other is from GPS sensor. The detection accuracy is about 80% when the method is verified with road driving data. The result is estimated with 9,600 data set of vehicle speed, acceleration, fuel consumption and road gradient from test driving on the road of 12km during 16 minutes, and the road slope is rather high. It's easy to detect fuel-cut without injector signal obtained by connecting wire. The detection error is from the fact that the variation range of speed, acceleration and road gradient data, used for road resistance force, is larger than the value of fuel consumption data.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 2020

This study aimed to explore the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), produced by engineered immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (imMSC), on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a rat model with neurogenic bladder (NB). Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham control, LUTS, LUTS+imMSC (treated with immortalized MSC), and LUTS+BDNF-eMSC (treated with BDNF-expressing MSC) groups. LUTS was induced by a crush injury to the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). Bladder function was tested under anesthesia, and bladder tissue strips were collected thereafter for contractility test and western blot analysis. Western blot results showed that the expression of both Angiopoietin 1 (Ang 1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased with MSC injection. The effect of treatment with BDNF-eMSC on LUTS was also evaluated, and the results were found to be better than those with imMSC (P<0.05). BDNF-eMSC prevented fibrosis in the bladder tissue and significantly reduced caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, high expression of BDNF in vivo resulted in recovery of bladder function and contractility, along with the inhibition of apoptosis in a rat model.