• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Handling precise timing in high-speed transceivers has always been a primary design target to achieve better performance. Many different approaches have been tried, and one of those is utilizing the beneficial nature of injection locking. Though the phenomenon was not intended for building integrated circuits at first, its coupling effect between neighboring oscillators has been utilized deliberately. Consequently, the dynamics of the injection-locked oscillator (ILO) have been explored, starting from R. Adler. As many aspects of the ILO were revealed, further studies followed to utilize the technique in practice, suggesting alternatives to the conventional frequency syntheses, which tend to be complicated and expensive. In this review, the historical analysis techniques from R. Adler are studied for better comprehension with proper notation of the variables, resulting in numerical results. In addition, how the timing jitter or phase noise in the ILO is attenuated from noise sources is presented in contrast to the clock generators based on the phase-locked loop (PLL). Although the ILO is very promising with higher cost effectiveness and better noise immunity than other schemes, unless correctly controlled or tuned, the promises above might not be realized. In order to present the favorable conditions, several strategies have been explored in diverse applications like frequency multiplication, data recovery, frequency division, clock distribution, etc. This paper reviews those research results for clock multiplication and data recovery in detail with their advantages and disadvantages they are referring to. Through this review, the readers will hopefully grasp the overall insight of the ILO, as well as its practical issues, in order to incorporate it on silicon successfully.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.309-312
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• 2008

We study signal characteristics of the injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes(FP-LDs) for the development of a costeffective WDM-PON solution. The output power and system performance of WDM-PON using injection locked FP-LD are depend on optical characteristics of injection source. The effect of optical power and polarization state of the injection source experimentally investigated. We also measured BER characteristics of the directly modulated FPLD and its power penalty at the BER of $10^{-9}$.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.556-560
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• 2009

We have investigated the spectral characteristics of semiconductor lasers locked to the external light injected from a modulated laser. study on FM sideband injection locking has shown that when SLs are locked to the target sidebands of the directly modulated ML, the presence of the unselected sidebands influences the resulting microwave signals. The unselected signals can produce the unwanted beat signals around the desired beat signal, which degrade the overall system performance. This analysis way to generate Giga HZ signal generation.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2007

외부 공진기형 반도체 레이저를 주레이저로 하여 종레이저로 사용한 상용 반도체 레이저에 광 주입-잠금을 수행하고, 주입-잠금된 종레이저의 모드 특성을 조사하였다. 루비듐 원자의 D1 전이선에서 포화흡수분광 스펙트럼과 주입-잠금된 종레이저의 모드를 측정하였다. 주입-잠금 대역폭 내에 있는 종레이저가 주레이저의 주파수와 선폭이 동기되는 것을 확인하였고, 주입되는 광의 세기에 따른 주입-잠금 대역폭을 측정하였다. 특히, 주입되는 광의 세기, 그리고 주레이저와 종레이저의 주파수 차이에 따른 주입-잠금 과정에 종레이저의 모드 변화를 공초점 패브리-페로 간섭계를 이용하여 측정했다. 불완전 주입-잠금 상태에서는 종레이저의 모드가 두 개 이상의 다중 모드로 발진하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.763-770
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• 1996

In this paper, the Single-stage Transmission type Injectiong-Locked Oscillator(STILO) was designed and fabicated for the Active Integrated Phased Array Antenna(AIPAA) system. The STILO, which was designed and fabricated by injection-locked technique and hair-pin resonator, has the same 210MHz frequency tuning range of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator(VCO) used by varactor. The locking bandwidth of STILO with 11.5MHz bandwidth, is much better than that of the Injection-Locked Dielectric Resonator Oscillator(ILDRO), And the STILO has the improved noise characteristics in AM, FM, and PM. This STILO is useful for the AIPAA, the coupled VCO array, an the MMIC structure.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.122-122
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• 2013

In this talk, some optical properties of quantum dot based mode-locked diode lasers and photonic crystal nano lasers will be discussed. Linewidth enhancement factor, chirp and interband injection locking technique of quantum dot mode-locked lasers will be presented. Also various types of photonic crystal buried heterostructure lasers toward coherent nano laser will be covered as well.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.860-866
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• 2016

An injection-locked ring phase-locked loop (ILRPLL) using a charge-stored complementary switch (CSCS) injection technique is described in this paper. The ILRPLL exhibits a wider lock range compared to other conventional ILRPLLs, owing to the improvement of the injection effect by the proposed CSCS. A frequency calibration loop and a device mismatch calibration loop force the frequency error to be zero to minimize jitter and reference spur. The prototype chip fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology achieves a $285-fs_{rms}$ integrated jitter at GHz from the reference clock of 52 MHz while consuming 7.16 mW. The figure-of-merit of the ILRPLL is -242.4 dB.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.698-703
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• 2016

We report a new all-optical flip-flop (AOFF) with a quite simple structure, using optical beating in an injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) with optical bistability. While conventional AOFF methods using an injection-locked FP-LD require additional devices such as secondary FP-LDs or polarization controllers for reset operation, the proposed method can be implemented using only a single commercially available FP-LD with set and reset signals. The optical beating induces intensity fluctuations inside the FP-LD, and releases the locking state to the reset state. Even though we demonstrated the AOFF at 100 Mbit/s, we expect that its operation rate could extend to 10 Gbit/s, according to the limit of the FP-LD's frequency response.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.522-527
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 54 GHz 대역의 위상 고정 루프에서 사용되기 위한 Ring 발진기를 이용한 3 분주 주입 동기 주파수 분주기(Injection-Locked Frequency Divider: ILFD)를 0.13-${\mu}M$ Si RFCMOS 공정을 이용하여 설계, 제작한 결과를 보인다. 1.8 V의 공급 전압에 대해서 buffer단을 포함하여 70 mW의 전력을 소비하며, 입력 신호가 없을 때 0~1.8 V의 varactor 조정 전압 범위에 대하여 18.92~19.31 GHz에서 자유 발진(free-running oscillation)을 하였다. 0 dBm의 입력 전력에 대해서 1.02 GHz(54.82~55.84 GHz)의 동기 범위(locking range)를 가지며 varactor 조정(0~1.8 V)을 포함한 동작 범위(operating range)는 약 2.4 GHz(54.82~57.17 GHz)를 보였다. 제작된 회로의 크기는 측정 pad를 포함하여 0.42 mm${\times}$0.6 mm이며, pad를 제외한 실제 동작 영역의 크기는 0.099 mm${\times}$0.056 mm이다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

펨토초 레이저 주입잠금법을 이용하여 펨토초 광주파수 벗에서 특정한 주파수 모드를 선택하고 증폭시켰다. 실험에서는 모드 잠금된 Ti:sapphire레이저를 지배 레이저로 그리고 단일모드로 발진하는 반도체 레이저를 종속 레이저로 사용하였다. 모드 잠금된 Ti:sapphire레이저를 중심파장 794.7 nm, 밴드 폭 1.5 nm의 간섭필터를 통과한 후 반도체 레이저에 주입잠금시켰다. 주입잠금된 반도체 레이저가 모드 잠금된Ti:sapphire레이저의 펄스 반복율과 일치하는 100.5 MHz간격의 모드 $3{\sim}4$개가 동시에 발진되는 것 확인할 수 있었다. 펨토초 레이저 주입잠금법에 의해서 선택된 모드의 출력을 수천 배 증폭시킬 수 있었다.