• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

Micro shock tube에서 발생하는 비정상파 거동을 실험적으로 조사 하기위해 파막 실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 스테인리스 재질의 micro shock tube를 사용하였으며, 총 8개의 압력센서를 설치하여, 충격파관에서 발생하는 충격파 및 팽창파를 측정하였다. 초기 압력비는 6.3에서 30.5까지 변화시켰으며, 관의 직경은 3mm와 6mm로 하였다. 그리고 두 가지 재질의 격막을 사용하여 격막 조건을 다양하게 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과로부터 초기 압력비 및 관 직경의 증가에 따라 관내에서 발생되는 충격파 강도는 커지며, 가장 얇은 재질의 격막 조건에서 가장 큰 충격파 강도가 발생했다. 그리고 충격파 감쇠는 관의 직경에 가장 큰 영향을 받았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.379-392
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• 2005

Statement of problem. One of the common problems of dental implant prosthesis is the loosening of the screw that connects each component, and this problem is more common in single implant-supported prostheses with external connection, and in molars. Purpose. The purposes of this study were: (1) to compare the initial abutment screw detorque values of the six different implant-abutment interface designs, (2) to compare the detorque values of the six different implant-abutment interface designs after cyclic loading, (3) to compare the detorque values of regular and wide diameter implants and (4) to compare the initial detorque values with the detorque values after cyclic loading. Material and methods. Six different implant-abutment connection systems were used. The cement retained abutment and titanium screw of each system were assembled and tightened to 32Ncm with digital torque gauge. After 10 minutes, initial detorque values were measured. The custom titanium crown were cemented temporarily and a cyclic sine curve load(20 to 320N, 14Hz) was applied. The detorque values were measured after cyclic loading of one million times by loading machine. One-way ANOVA test, scheffe’s test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results. The results were as follows : 1. The initial detorque values of six different implant-abutment connections were not significantly different(p>0.05). 2. The detorque values after one million dynamic cyclic loading were significantly different (p<0.05). 3. The SS-II regular and wide implant both recorded the higher detorque values than other groups after cyclic loading(p<0.05). 4. Of the wide implants, the initial detorque values of Avana Self Tapping Implant, MIS and Tapered Screw Vent, and the detorque values of MIS implant after cyclic loading were higher than their regular counterparts(p<0.05). 5. After cyclic loading, SS-II regular and wide implants showed higher detorque values than before(p<0.05).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 1982

This study was intended to develop a cost function for the natural air in-bin drying: system which could lead to an optimization of the drying system cost. Based on the cost function developed, a series of simulated drying tests were conducted with 10-year weather data (1970~1979) for 7 different regions by applying an appropriate levels of system factors. System performance factors treated in this study were initial moisture content, airflow rate, bin diameter and grain depth. An optimization procedure to find the least cost system was developed as follows: First, the worst year of the past decade was determined in consideration of the dryiang time and maximum dry matter loss. Second, the minimum airflow rate for a fixed bin diameter and grain depth was determined. Third, the optimum grain depth was found for the minimum airflow rate with different initial moisture contents and bin diameters. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. The optimization procedure developed in this study was able to reduce the time and efforts significantly. 2. Optimum values of drying parameters including airflow rate, grain depth, and fan size were determined for different initial moisture contents and bin diameters in each region. The results are shown in Tables 3 to 9. 3. Optimum grain depths decreased as the initial moisture content and airflow rate increased. 4. Drying time for the least cost system should be reduced with higher initial moisture content and lower drying potential to prevent grain spoilage. 5. The fixed cost was 65 to 75 percent of the total system cost and the variable cost was 25 to 35 percent. To reduce the fixed cost it is desirable to use a drying bin 2 or 3 times a year.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

Initial damage to a stud due to corrosion, fatigue, unexpected overloading, a weld defect or other factors could degrade the shear capacity of the stud. Based on typical push-out tests, a FEM model and theoretical formulations were proposed in this study. Six specimens with the same geometric dimensions were tested to investigate the effect of the damage degree and location on the static behavior and shear capacity of stud shear connectors. The test results indicated that a reduction of up to 36.6% and 62.9% of the section area of the shank could result in a dropping rate of 7.9% and 57.2%, respectively, compared to the standard specimen shear capacity. Numerical analysis was performed to simulate the push-out test and validated against test results. A parametrical study was performed to further investigate the damage degree and location on the shear capacity of studs based on the proposed numerical model. It was demonstrated that the shear capacity was not sensitive to the damage degree when the damage section was located at 0.5d, where d is the shank diameter, from the stud root, even if the stud had a significant reduction in area. Finally, a theoretical formula with a reduction factor K was proposed to consider the reduction of the shear capacity due to the presence of initial damage. Calculating K was accomplished in two ways: a linear relationship and a square relationship with the damage degree corresponding to the shear capacity dominated by the section area and the nominal diameter of the damaged stud. This coefficient was applied using Eurocode 4, AASHTO LRFD (2014) and GB50017-2003 (2003) and compared with the test results found in the literature. It was found that the proposed method produced good predictions of the shear capacity of stud shear connectors with initial damage.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2018

목적: 3.6 mm 이하 좁은 직경 임플란트의 일정 기간 생존율을 초기고정 값과 방사선학적 계측을 통해 분석해보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 24명의 환자에 식립된 직경 3.6 mm 이하, 길이 7 mm 이상의 38개의 임플란트를 조사하였다. 식립된 임플란트의 platform 직경, body 직경, 길이, 식립 부위 등을 확인하였고 식립 시 골유도재생술의 동반 시행 여부, 완성된 보철의 형태를 확인하였다. 초기고정 값은 임플란트 식립 직후 측정한 implant stability quotient (ISQ) 값을 확인하였고, 방사선 사진을 통해 식립된 임플란트의 근 원심 marginal bone level (MBL)을 측정하였다. 결과: 전체 임플란트의 생존율은 92.11% 이었고 ISQ값은 평균 66.26으로 나타났다. 생존한 임플란트의 MBL 변화는 평균 $0.14{\pm}0.31mm$를 나타내었다. Platform 직경이 body 직경보다 큰 임플란트 중 실패한 임플란트는 없었다. 결론: 좁은 직경의 임플란트는 좁은 직경의 치조제에 안정적인 치료 결과를 나타낸다 사료된다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2009

본 연구는 점착성 미립자의 침전률에 대한 플록의 영향에 관한 것이다. 연구 진행시 플록 밀도와 입경변화의 영향도 고려하였다. 플록입자의 침전속도는 정지수면에서 측정되었다. 플록 입경과 밀도는 수정된 Stokes방정식에 유체의 밀도, 입자의 밀도, 점성계수 및 측정된 침전속도와 입경과의 관계식으로부터 얻은 플록 차원을 이용하여 분석되었다. 석영과 알루미나의 플록지름은 초기농도가 증가함에 따라 증가되었으며, 염도농도의 증가에 따른 석영의 플록된 입경은 $0.8{\sim}10$ ${\mu}m$이다. 플록밀도는 입경이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 플록 침전속도와 입경의 관계는 로그표위에 직선식으로 표현된다. 플록 차원($=n_f$)은 초기농도가 증가할 경우 2.65이며, 염도가 증가할 때 2.93이다. 침전속도를 예측하기 위한 비례상수(n)는 제시되었으며, 그 범위는 $1{\sim}1.93$이다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1993년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.499-504
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• 1993

To find a way for establishing work roll initial crown according to roll conditions, computer simulation for predicting plate crown in plate mill is done and effects of roll conditions on plate crown is analysed. Roll gap profile and plate crown are measured to be compared to the calculated values. As a result,a regression equation to establish work roll initial crown according to roll cooditions such as backup roll diameter, backup roll crown and work roll crown is obtained.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.2513-2519
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• 2000

Free vibration characteristics of an initially stressed CD/DVD disk, which is designed for increasing critical speeds of current optical disks, are analyzed using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique based on variational formulations. Natural frequencies of the new disk depend on membrane stresses caused by disk rotation as well as residual stresses imposed during the cooling process of the injection molding. Critical speeds are calculated for the various initial patterns of radial and circumferential stresses. Initially imposed tensile stresses increase the natural frequencies of all the vibration modes except zero nodal diameter mode, whose natural frequency is independent of circumferential stress. A new disk with initial tensile stress of 0.5MPa is shown to have its critical speed about 30 % higher than the current optical disk.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2012

Triaxial tests are essential to estimate the shear strength properties of the soil or rock. Normally triaxial tests are carried out on samples of 38 mm diameter and 76 mm height. Granular materials, predominantly used in base/sub-base construction of pavements or in railways have size range of 60-75 mm. Determination of shear strength parameters of those materials can be made possible only through triaxial tests on large diameter samples. This paper describes a large diameter cyclic triaxial testing facility set up in the Geotechnical Engineering lab of Indian Institute of Science. This setup consists of 100 kN capacity dynamic loading frame, which facilitates testing of samples of up to 300 mm diameter and 600 mm height. The loading ram can be actuated up to a maximum frequency of 10 Hz, with maximum amplitude of 100 mm. The setup is capable of carrying out static as well as dynamic triaxial tests under isotropic, anisotropic conditions with a maximum confining pressure of 1 MPa. Working with this setup is a difficult task because of the size of the sample. In this paper, a detailed discussion on the various problems encountered during the initial testing using the equipment, the ideas and solutions adopted to solve them are presented. Pilot experiments on granular sub-base material of 53 mm down size are also presented.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.732-750
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• 2019

천연건조 중 목재의 함수율 변화 예측모형을 제시하기 위하여 15본의 소나무 원목에 대한 천연건조를 수행하였다. 초기함수율이 68.7%인 6본의 소나무 원목에 대하여 여름철에 천연건조를 시작한 후 약 880일이 경과한 후의 최종함수율은 17.4%이었다. 초기함수율이 35.8%인 9본의 소나무 원목에 대하여 겨울철에 천연건조를 시작한 후 약 760일이 경과한 후의 최종함수율은 16.0%이었다. 소나무 원목의 말구지름, 온도, 상대습도, 풍속을 독립변수로 결정하고, 천연건조 중 감소한 함수율을 종속변수로 다중회귀분석을 진행한 결과, 결정계수 0.925의 회귀모형을 얻을 수 있었다. 소나무 원목의 특성인 초기함수율과 말구지름이 기상조건인 온도, 상대습도, 풍속에 비하여 천연건조 중 함수율 감소에 미치는 영향이 더 크게 나타났다. 천연건조 중 내부함수율의 분포 및 함수율 변화를 예측하기 위하여 2차원 물질전달 해석을 수행하였다. 건조일수를 서로 다르게 적용하고, 수분확산계수 및 표면방사계수를 결정하는 기상조건을 다르게 적용한 2가지의 예측모형을 제시하였다. 2가지 적용 방법의 오차는 0.1 - 0.8%의 범위였으며, 측정값과의 차이는 2.2 - 3.6%의 범위였다. 다양한 초기함수율과 말구지름의 소나무 원목에 대한 천연건조 중 내부함수율을 측정하고, 각각의 기상조건에 대한 목재 내 수분이동계수를 산출하면 예측모형의 오차를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.