• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1997

연약지반 개량을 위한 프리로딩 공법에서 침하 애측은 시공관리상 매우 중요한 요소이다. 지반의 비균질성, 지반 물성치 조사의 한계 등의 이유로 설계시에 침하속도 및 침하량을 실제 발생치와 근접하게 예측하기는 매우 어렵다. 이러한 문제점 때문에 쌍곡선법,아사오카법 등 초기 침하계측을 이용한 장래 침하 추정 법들이 침하 예측 기법으로 활발하게 이용되고 있으나, 예측 시점에서 추정된 장래 침하량의 신뢰성에 대한 평가 방법엔 대하여서는 제시된 바가 없다. 본 연구는 사례연구를 통하여 쌍곡선법으로 예측된 장래침하량들과 실 침하량들을 비교하구 초기 계측 기간에 따른 장래 침하량 예측의 신뢰성에 관한 분석을 통하여. 쌍곡선법을 이용한 장래 침하량 추정의 신뢰성 평가 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2019

Viewed in the rate of change in the web environment, it is very difficult to remain the initial planning at the time until the time of launch, and there is a need for a method to accommodate changes and satisfy market demands during the development process. Unlike the traditional waterfall approach of maintaining initial planning, scrum is one of the agile methodologies that enables flexibility to respond to changes in the market and customers' needs and drive customer satisfaction and business success. However, to apply the scrum to a project in actual, the practice method itself is relatively simple but not easy to apply. The reason is that the members of the organization need to understand and participate in scrum's philosophy and principles and the continuous observation and change management should be carried out. Therefore, in this paper, we presented the feature dashboard and customized scrum methodology to enable continuous observation and change management using visibility, and we shared the case that periodically reflected inspection and adaptation with the explanation of the main points. Also, based on the experience with participants, the strengths and weakness of the feature dashboard and the customized scrum methodology are summarized.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2017

Objective: Teeth discoloration is a rare orthodontic complication. The aim of this study was to report the clinical progression of discoloration during orthodontic treatment. Methods: Discolored teeth, detected during orthodontic treatment between January 2003 and December 2012 by a single dentist using similar techniques and appliances, were analyzed. Results: The total number of teeth that showed discoloration was 28. Progression of discoloration was evaluated in only 24 teeth that were observed without any treatment. During the observation period, the discoloration "improved" in 8 of the 24 teeth (33.3%) and was "maintained" in 16 (66.6%). The electric pulp test performed at the time of initial detection of discoloration showed 14.3% positivity, which improved to 21.4% at the final follow-up. None of the initial and final follow-up radiographic findings showed any abnormalities. Conclusions: When teeth discoloration is detected during orthodontic treatment, observation as an initial management is recommended over immediate treatments.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.529-546
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• 2009

인공위성 광학 감시 시스템 적용에 가장 효과적인 고전적 예비궤도 결정법은 Gauss와 Laplace 방법이 있다. 이 두 방법은 세 쌍의 광학 관측 자료를 이용하여 위성의 궤도를 결정하는 방법으로 관측 시간간격에 따라 정밀도가 변화하는 특성이 있다. 이번 연구에서는 이러한 특성에 관련된 국내의 기존 연구 결과들에서 일부 상이한 점을 발견하여, 세 점의 시간간격에 대한 정밀도 변화 특성을 재검토해 보았다. 이러한 특성 연구는 다양한 위성 궤도 형태를 고려해야 하기 때문에 궤도 정보가 알려진 위성 전체를 대상으로 하였다. SGP4/SDP4 궤도전파 모델을 이용한 모의 관측 자료를 사용하여 방법론적인 정밀도 특성 을 확인하였고, 특정 위성의 실제 관측 자료를 사용 하여 인공위성 광학 감시 시스템에 적용할 시에 발생되는 특성을 확인하였다. 결과적으로, 세 점의 시간간격에 대한 최기궤도 결정의 정밀도 변화 특성은 관측된 위성의 위치로 인해 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.372-373
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• 2008

The snap-through phenomena of the curved IPMC actuators were investigated according to the initial curvature of the actuators. The curved actuators were fabricated by long time thermal treatments. Cantilevered IPMCs have a constant curvature and their initial tip-displacements are 0, 8, and 16mm, respectively. These actuators were tested in terms of f response. AC response, FRF test for evaluating the effect of initial shape. The hysteresis and instant speed of tip point were measured for observation of the snap-through. Present results show that initial deformation strongly affects the snap-through phenomena, resulting in much larger tip-displacements.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2005

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to establish a nursing intervention data base to improve maternal attachment. Method: The first group of mothers( control group), experienced their first physical contact with their infants after being discharged from the hospital. The second group (experimental group) practiced early initial mother-infant postpartum contact known as the most sensitive period for founding maternal-infancy attachment. The subjects of this study gave birth to normal infants at M hospital from Aug.25 to Sept.30, 2004. During the same time, data was collected through direct observation, with instruments designed by Cropley et al., to assess the behaviors of normal attachment. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test with an SPSS program. Result: The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed a higher degree of physical and functional bonding than the group experiencing the first contact after discharge from the :10spital (control group)(p<.0l). The group practicing initial mother-infant contact, showed higher degrees of bonding attachment assessments than the group experiencing their first initial contact after their discharge from the hospital(p<.01). Conclusion: The group practicing early mother-infant contact, showed more maternal-infant interaction than the group experiencing their initial contact after their discharge from the hospital. These results show that maternal attachment behavior increases according with an early initial mother-infant contact.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.415-433
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• 1999

Implant stability is the key to long-term successful outcome for osseointegrated implants. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around HA-coated implants without primary bone contact. 21 HA-coated thread type implants(STERI-OSS?) were placed in the femurs of 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. Implants, 8 mm in length and 3.8mm(experimental 1group), 5.0mm(experimental 2group) and 6.0mm(control group) in diameter, were inserted after 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter and 10mm in depth were prepared in the surgical sites each dog. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), in order to prevent the ingrowth of upper soft tissue into the gap between bone and implant, and to maintain each implant to be positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 implants were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test. Fluorescent dyes were injected for the observation of new bone formation in order of $Terramycin^{(R)}$, Arizarin $Red^{(R)}$, and $Calcein^{(R)}$ at an interval of 2 weeks. 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation at 4, 8, and 12-week after placement. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to qualitatively characterize the bone around HA-coated implant. 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test($Periotest^{(R)}$, Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and removal torque test($Autograph^{(R)}$ AGS-1000D series, Japan) at 8 and 12-week after placement The results were as follows: 1. Histologic observation showed that osseointegration occurred to both control and experimental groups as time lapse, but delayed bone healing was revealed in 3.8mm group (experimental 1group), compared to contrtol group and 5.0mm group (experimental 2group). 2. The mobility test showed that the experimental groups had no distinguishable movement during experimental periods of 8 and 12-week, and there was no difference in mobility depending on the gap between bone and implant, and time lapse. 3. The removal torque forces were increased depended on the gaps decreasing between bone and implant, and time lapse. The results suggest that HA-coated implant without primary bone contact, based on guided bone regeneration could obtain its stability in all experimental groups as time lapse, but bone healing was delayed in experimental group of 3.8mm. And the results suggested that studies on correlationship between mobility test and removal torque test for implant stability would be necessary.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

An experimental investigation has been carried out to reveal the atomization process of the diesel fuel spray. The spray injected through a single hole nozzle was taken by a camera on the opposite side of a stroboscope for macroscopic observation or a nanolite for microscopic observation. The effect of nozzle aspect ratio was analyzed with disintegration phenomena of the diesel spray. Based on the enlarged spray photograph, atomization process was observed in detail and further the spray cone angle was measured under various ambient pressures. The result shows that atomization of diesel spray in early stage of injection is mainly progressed in the vicinity of spray periphery region except the region close to the nozzle exit and spray head region. The spray cone angle is nearly constant under the pressurized condition, while it decreases with elapsing time under the atmospheric condition.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2008

Studies were carried out the phenomenal observation on the effect of corona treated hotmelt laminating film in process of manufacture by 2 kinds of experiments. These are as follow: 1) In order to verify the treatment reducing value of dynes and dynes durability with the lapse of time, it was checked dynes of a pair of 4 bar discharge electrode with 9 one for 144 hr., and it show results that 9 bar discharge electrode has higher initial dynes as well as keep up 48 dynes durability long than 4 one. 2) Drawn an inference from 3 actions -Chemical-Physical-Mechanical, on laminating film in terms of SEM's observation that are the adhesive status in boundary of corona treated base film, extrusion coating hotmelt layer, and configuration of hotmelt surface after corona treated. In tandem system, EVA layers adhesion keep its stability without corona discharge treatment.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.376-390
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• 2001

Alveolar bone changes after immediate loading on implants up to one year were observed by means of standard intraoral X-ray measurement which were taken at 3 month intervals. At the same time, bone density changes were observed according to digital subtraction method which is a becoming a more and more promising diagnostic tool for implants. Following results were obtained ; 1. There was no significant difference in the amount of alveolar bone loss implant type, sex and implant diameter, but there was difference according to case selection. In fully bone anchored prostheses cases, bone loss was $1.16{\pm}0.15m$ whereas, in partial edentulous cases, it was $1.84{\pm}0.08mm$. 2. Alveolar bone loss after immediate loading showed a higher degree of bone loss than after submerged loading in the initial three months. But there were no significant difference at the 12th month. 3. According to the one year bone density change observation at the alveolar bone surrounding the implant, significant change was observed vertically, whereas no significant change could observed horizontally. According to the above mentioned results, we can conclude that immediate loading of implants results in a higher degree of alveolar bone loss in one year than submerged loading. But since alveolar bone loss rate decreases to a reasonable rate after the initial 3 months of rapid bone loss, immediate loading of implants seems to be an acceptable treatment modality for patients with good bone conditions. Fully bone anchored cases showed an favorable outcome, but partial edentulous cases showed more bony resorption. So this cases considered in case selections. Bone density changes observation in the study was performed for only one year therefore a more longitudinal observation may be studied.