• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.710-716
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• 2010

막걸리와 막걸리지게미를 시료로 하여 난소를 절제하여 갱년기 장애를 유도한 흰쥐에 투여함으로써 난소절제에 의한 estrogen 결핍에서 발생되는 지질조성의 변화와 혈류 및 혈소판 응집능에 미치는 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미의 영향을 검토해 보았다. 난소절제에 의한 estrogen 결핍에서 발생되는 혈청 중의 AST와 ALT의 효소 활성은 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물을 각각 투여하였을 때, 모두 Sham군과 비슷하게 감소하였으며, TG, TCHO 및 HDL농도의 변화를 알아본 결과, 난소를 절제한 OVX-control군이 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군과 비교해 TG와 TCHO의 함량이 증가하였고 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물을 투여한 군에서는 OVX-control군에 비해 감소하였다. 그러나 혈청 중 좋은 콜레스테롤인 HDL의 농도는 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물의 투여로 증가함을 알수 있었다. 그리고 막걸리 농축물과 막걸리 지게미 농축물의 효소활성과 지질개선 효과를 비교해 볼 때, 막걸리 농축물 투여군이 막걸리 지게미 농축물 투여군보다 조금 더 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 혈류 및 혈소판 응집에 미치는 영향에 대한 결과는 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물 투여로 인해 OVX-control군보다 혈류속도가 빨라짐을 확인할 수 있었고, 막걸리 농축물과 막걸리 지게미 농축물 중 막걸리 농축물 투여군이 막걸리 지개미 농축물 투여군 보다 빠른 혈류 개선 효과 즉 높은 혈액 유동성을 나타내었다. 그리고 난소절제로 증가되어진 혈소판 응집현상도 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물 투여로 인하여 감소되어 혈소판 응집 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 in vitro 실험에서 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물의 투여로 인한 ACE 활성 저해 효과도 확인하였으며, 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물을 비교하여 볼 때 막걸리 지게미 농축물보다 막걸리 농축물에서 더욱 높은 ACE 활성저해 효과를 보였다. 이상으로 in vitro에서의 ACE 저해 효과와 더불어 동물실험에서 막걸리와 막걸리 지게미 농축물이 혈청 중의 효소활성과 지질조성의 변화를 나타내어 지질개선효과를 볼 수 있었으며, 혈류 속도 증가와 혈소판 응집 억제 효과도 함께 보여 혈행 개선 효과도 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 전반적인 실험결과에서 막걸리 농축물이 막걸리 지게미 농축물보다 조금 더 효과 있는 결과를 보였는데 이는 막걸리 농축물속에 발효를 통한 부유물의 여러 유효성분들이 더 많을 것으로 추정되고, 여러 가지 생리활성에도 영향을 준 결과로 사료되어진다. 또한 본 연구에서 시료로 사용된 페기 되어지는 막걸리 지게미 농축물에서도 막걸리 농축물보다는 낮은 효과이지만 생리활성을 보인 것으로 보아 막걸리지게미를 이용한 고부가가치 활용방안도 기대되어진다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1996

Diabetes carries an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease that is not fully explained by known car-diovascular risk factors. There is accumulating evidence that advanced glycation of structural proteins, and oxidation and glycation of circulating lipoproteins, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic ather-osclerosis. Reactions involving glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids are believed to contribute to atherogenesis. Glycation, the nonenzymatic binding of glucose to protein molecules, can increase the ather-ogenic potential of certain plasma constituents, including low density lipoptotein(LDL). Glycation of LDL is significant increased in diabetic patients compared with normal subjects, even in the presence of good glycemic control. Metabolic abnormalities associated with glycation of LDL include diminished recognition of LDL by the classic LDL receptor; increased covalent binding of LDL in vessel walls ; enhanced uptake of LDL by the macrophages, thus stimulating foam cell formation ; increased platelet aggregation; formation of LDL-immune complexes ; and generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting on oxidative damage to both the lipid and protein components of LDL and to any nearby macromolecules. Oxidized lipoproteins are characterzied by cytotoxicity, potent stimulation of foam cell formation by macrophages, and procoagulant effects. Combined glycation and oxidation, "glycoxidation" occurs when oxidative reactions affect the initial products of glycation, and results in irreversible structural alterations of proteins. Glycoxidation is of greatest significance in long lived proteins such as collagen. In these proteins, glycoxidation products, believed to be atherogenic, accumulate with advancing age : in diabetes, their rate of accumulate is accelerated. Inhibition of glycation, oxidation and glycoxidation may form the basis of future antiaterogenic strategies in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.dividuals.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.528-543
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• 1993

Vitamin E, which has its advocates in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. autoimmune disease, cancer and peripheral vascular and thromboembolic disease, has now been alleged to have a powerful antioxident effect and to affect various biological activities such as fertility factor, inhibition of human platelet aggregation and stabilization of biological membranes. The present study was designed to test whether vitamin I(alpha-tocopherol) can : (1) enhance the hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), (2) modulate Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). (3) enhance the mitogenic response of murine splenocyte, (4) decrease the recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans from brain, lung, liver, spleen and kidney of infected mice and (5) have an inhibitory or enhancing effect on the induction of active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) induced by chicken-gamma globulin (CGG) in mice. Mice were given either intramuscular injections of 0.3ml (300mg) of vitamin I before immunization or were infection for 10 consecutive days or were given by vitamin I esophageal intubation, 0.1ml(100mg), for 20 days before sacrifice for the mitogenic response experiments. It was found that vitamin E treated mice showed a significant enhancement in hemagglutinin response, Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to DNFB. There was no significant difference in the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin(PHA), but the response to concanavalin A(ConA) or pokeweed mitogem(PWM) was increased in vitamin E-treated mice. Interestingly, the vitamin E administration before C. neoformans infection decreased significantly the recovery of C. neoformans from brain lung, liver, spleen and kidney of the infected mice as compared with that of the control mice, strongly suggesting that vitamin E pretreatment may increase the resistance of mice to the fungal infection. Unexpectedly, vitamin E administration enhanced the production of CGG -induced ASA. Taken together, it can be concluded that vitamin I administration may in-crease the humoral and cellular immune response and resistance. to C. neoformans infection, but enhance the induction of ASA to CGG. Further studies are necessary to clarify the underlying mechanism accounting for these effects.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2004

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is limited by their ability to induce gastrointestinal injury. It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO), similar to pro staglandins (PGs), appears to play an important role in gastric mucosal defence. We hypothesized that NSAIDs contained NO group would be less acutely toxic to the gastric mucosa, but would not interfere with their ability to suppress inflammatory process in rats. We have compared the ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of CW-501029 (NO-NSAIDs), CW-501027 (NSAIDs) and indomethacin. Both did not change mean blood pressure and heart rates, indicating that they had no side effect on cardiovascular system. We found that CW-501029 increased nitrite/nitrate levels without changing of blood pressure and heart rates. We suggest that it may help gastric mucosal blood flow, the which helps reducing the discomfort in astrointestinal system. Carrageenan-induced PGE2 increase was reduced in a similar tendency when compared CW-501027 or CW-501027 with control in back exudate of rats, but CW-501029 less reduced PGE2 than CW-502027 or indomethacin in gastric tissues. CW-501027 or CW-501029 reduced platelet aggregation. From these results we suggest that CW-501029 may improve the side effect by reduction of short-term gastric injury and less inhibition of PGs synthesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2019

Background: Thromboxane A2 ($TXA_2$) induces platelet aggregation and promotes thrombus formation. Although ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) from Panax ginseng is known to exhibit a $Ca^{2+}-antagonistic$ antiplatelet effect, whether it inhibits $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_{2{\alpha}}$) activity to prevent the release of arachidonic acid (AA), a $TXA_2$ precursor, is unknown. In this study, we attempted to identify the mechanism underlying G-Ro-mediated $TXA_2$ inhibition. Methods: We investigated whether G-Ro attenuates $TXA_2$ production and its associated molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), $TXA_2$ synthase (TXAS), $cPLA_{2{\alpha}}$, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and AA. To assay COX-1 and TXAS, we used microsomal fraction of platelets. Results: G-Ro reduced $TXA_2$ production by inhibiting AA release. It acted by decreasing the phosphorylation of $cPLA_{2{\alpha}}$, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase1, rather than by inhibiting COX-1 and TXAS in thrombin-activated human platelets. Conclusion: G-Ro inhibits AA release to attenuate $TXA_2$ production, which may counteract $TXA_2-associated$ thrombosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1081-1088
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• 2002

Flavonoids are phytochemicals that occur ubiquitously in plant foods that have been reported to have potential roles in the prevention of cancer, inhibition of platelet aggregation or inflammation. However, there was no accurate data reported on the intake of middle-aged Korean population. The present study was designed to assess dietary intake of flavonoids (including isoflavones) of 304 adults (20-59 yr, male 115, famale 189) living in Daejeon area using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 50 food items, including vegetables, soy products, seaweeds, nuts and beans, fruits and beverages. Our self-administered questionnaire contained questions regarding subject's habitual diet and alcohol intake over the previous 3 months. Average daily intake of individual flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavones such as luteolin, apigenin was 15.7, 8.7, 0.21, 2.07, 0.03 mg/day, respectively. Daily intake of daidzein and genistein, which are the commonly found isoflavones in soy products, were 16.6 and 21.4 mg/day, respectively. Combined intake of flavonoids was 64.3 mg/day. No effect of smoking, drinking and exercise was observed on flavonoids consumption. Food items that has the highest daily intake of each compounds were; quercetin (onion, 9.49 mg/day), kaempferol (strawberry, 1.18 mg/day), myricetin (green tea, 0.81 mg/day), apigenin (lettuce, 0.03 mg/day), luteolin (onion, 0.05 mg/day), daidzein (soybean sprout, 5.99 mg/day), genistein (soybean sprout, 7.02 mg/day). These findings provide valuable information on understanding the dietary flavonoids intake from a typical Korean daily diet, which might help to identify the risks for developing various diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 탈지대두 grits(DSG)와 B. subtilis NUC1균주로 발효시킨 탈지대두 발효물(FD)을 제조한 다음 열풍건조한 시료를 물 추출하여 이들 DSG 물추출물(DW)과 발효된 DSG 물추출물(FDW)의 항혈전 활성과 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과, FDW는 DW보다 항혈전 활성 및 혈소판의 응고 억제 효과가 더 우수하였으며, 유의적으로 높은 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성을 가졌다. 그러나 DW와 FDW 처리군 둘다 HepG2 세포를 이용한 콜레스테롤 생합성 억제능을 보였고, 대조군에 비해 세포 내의 콜레스테롤 함량을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 그리고 콜레스테롤 흡착능에서는 FDW만 약 90% 정도의 높은 흡착능을 보였고, DW는 콜레스테롤 흡착능을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 발효된 DSG는 원료인 DSG 보다 항혈전 및 콜레스테롤 개선 효과가 더 우수한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2014

전통주 주박을 이용한 고부가가치 식품소재 개발을 위해, 상업적 시설에서 생산된 3종 약주(J-B, J-S, J-Y) 및 2종 탁주(J-H, J-W) 주박의 ethanol 추출물 및 열수 추출물을 조제하고 이들의 혈액응고 저해활성, 혈소판 응집저해 활성 및 인간 적혈구 용혈활성을 평가하였다. 5종 주박의 pH는 3.90~4.29로 유사하였으나, brix는 5.0~27.0으로 다양하게 나타났으며, 수분 및 알코올 함량에서도 시료에 따라 1.8배의 차이를 나타내었다. 주박의 색차와 성분은 첨가된 부재료 및 사용누룩에 좌우되었으며, J-W 주박의 경우 수분함량이 80.3%, brix 13, 알코올 함량 1.8%를 함유하여 다른 주박에 비해 다양한 식품제조에 용이하게 이용 가능하리라 판단되었다. Ethanol 추출효율은 J-H, J-W, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 순, 열수 추출효율은 J-S, J-B, J-W, J-H, J-Y의 순으로 높았으며, 총폴리페놀 및 총플라보노이드 함량은 ethanol 추출물 중에서는 J-H, 열수 추출물 중에서는 J-Y 주박에서 가장 높았다. 5종 주박의 10종 추출물은 모두 5 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 나타나지 않았으며, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 약주 주박의 ethanol 추출물에서 유의적인 혈액응고저해 활성이 나타났으며, J-W 탁주 주박의 열수 추출물에서 thrombin 저해 활성과 J-B, J-S 및 J-H 주박 열수 추출물에서 혈액 응고인자 저해활성을 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성평가의 경우 J-W 탁주 주박의 ethanol 및 열수 추출물에서만 아스피린에 필적하는 우수한 활성이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 약주 및 탁주 주박이 항혈전 활성을 가지고 있으며, 주박으로부터 항혈전제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2005

Prostaglandin $E_1$($PGE_1$) is known to have various physiological action such as vasodilatation, decrease of blood pressure, angiogenesis, inhibition of platelet aggregation and so forth. $PGE_1$ has been developed in many different formulations in order to overcome its chemical instability and deactivation in the lungs when administered parenterally. Lipo-AS013 is a potent drug with higher chemical stability and greater vascular wall targeting than others. The study was done on $3{\times}10cm$ model flap of dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats and the flap perfusion survival were observed and documented. The flap treated with Lipo-AS013 beforehand was given intravenously Sodium fluorescein 10 minutes later, and then Percent Dye Fluorescence Index(% DFI) was calculated. The results were compared to a control group and the group administered locally epinephrine.. In the control group, the % DFI and flap survival rate increased from $54.1{\pm}6.7$ to $65.0{\pm}2.6$(p<0.01) while in Lipo-AS013 group from $55.3{\pm}2.2$ to $67.4{\pm}1.9$(p<0.01), respectively. In the epinephrine group, the % DFI(p<0.05) and flap survival rate(p<0.001) decreased. In the both epinephrine and Lipo-AS013 group Percent DFI and flap survival rate are comparable with the control group.The result indicates that the potent Lipo-AS013 enhances the blood flow and flap survival. This highly potent Lipo-AS013 may have targeting ability and accumulate $PGE_1$ onto the vascular walls. A quantitative analysis of fluorescence on the skin surface is a reliable tool to measure the blood perfusion into an ischemic flap and its viability. Further comparative study with conventional $PGE_1$ and Lipo-$PGE_1$ is needed in order to clarify the action and efficiency of Lipo-AS013.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

국내 표고버섯은 참나무 톱밥을 주 원료로 한 인공배지를 이용하여 재배하고 있으며, 표고버섯 재배 후 부산물로 발생하는 [수확 후 배지](Spent Mushroom Substrate: SMS)는 약 50,000톤으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서는 별도의 용도 없이 폐기되고 있는 표고버섯 SMS를 유용 생물자원으로 이용하기 위해, 1회 수확 후 SMS 및 3회 수확 후 SMS의 열수 추출물을 조제하여 이들의 항산화, 항균, 항당뇨, 항응고 및 혈소판 응집저해활성을 평가하였다. 대조구로는 재배용 살균배지 및 표고버섯의 열수 추출물을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 표고버섯 SMS 추출물은 표고버섯 및 살균배지 추출물보다 우수한 DPPH 음이온, ABTS 양이온 nitrite 소거능 및 환원력을 나타내었다. 1회 및 3회 SMS 추출물들은 0.5 mg/disc 농도에서는 사용된 세균 및 진균에 대한 항균력이 나타나지 않았으나, 0.5 mg/ml 농도에서 우수한 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한 thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time 및 혈소판 응집저해 활성 측정 결과, SMS 추출물들은 혈소판 응집에는 미미한 영향을 나타내었으나, 강력한 혈액응고저해 활성을 나타내어 항혈전 조성물로 개발 가능함을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 SMS를 폐기 대상이 아닌, 표고버섯 균사체가 대량 배양된 생물자원으로 고려하는 것이 필요함을 제시하며, SMS를 이용한 항산화, 항당뇨, 항혈전 조성물 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.