• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 1993

원격탐측은 초기에는 자연현상이나 지표대상물의 개략적인 분포와 변화를 추출하는데 사용되어 왔으나 최근에는 식물의 분광특성을 이용한 농업조사, 산림조사나 지하자원탐사, 해양상의 수온 및 해류분포조사, 기상조사 등 많은 분야에 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 원격탐측의 많은 응용분야 중에서 해양으로 배출되는 공장온배수의 확산범위를 조사하기 위하여 지구자원 탐사위성인 LANDSAT-5호에 탑재되어 있는 TM에 의해 얻어진 영상과 지상탐측기인 열적외주사기 Thermo Tracer에 의해 얻어진 열적외 영상을 이용하였다. LANDSAT TM영상의 Band 6은 열적외 Band로서 NASA의 CSFC에서 제공한 변환식 및 사후검정값을 이용하여 Band 6의 gray level값으로부터 해수온도 분포를 추출하였으며, Thermo Tracer의 열적외 영상은 TH1100 Series의 Processing mode를 이용하여 온도분포를 얻었다. 이와 같은 영상을 분석한 결과 근해의 수심이 얕은 지역의 해수온도는 담수온도와 내륙온도의 영향을 크게 받고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 온배수의 확산범위 및 면적을 시각적 및 정량적으로 나타낼 수 있었다. 또한 열적외선 주사영상을 이용하여 보다 세부적인 확산범위를 제시할 수 있었으며 LANDSAT영상결과와 거의 동일한 결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.370-373
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• 2005

We have developed Hybrid algorithm for yellow sand detection. Hybrid algorithm is composed of three methods using infrared bands. The first method used the differential absorption in brightness temperature difference between $11\mu m\;and\;12\mu m$ (BID _1), through which help distinguish the yellow sand from various meteorological clouds. The second method uses the brightness temperature difference between $3.7\mu m\;and\;11\mu m$ (BID_2). The technique would be most sensitive to dust loading during the day when the BID _2 is enhanced by reflection of $3.7\mu m$ solar radiation. The third one is a newly developed algorithm from our research, the so-called surface temperature variation method (STY). We have applied the three methods to MODIS for derivation of the yellow sand dust and in conjunction with the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), a form of eigenvector statistical analysis. PCI shows better results for yellow sand detection in comparison with the results from individual method. The comparison between PCI and MODIS aerosols optical depth (AOD) shows remarkable good correlations during daytime and relatively good correlations over the land.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2006

본 연구는 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 영상의 열적외선 (Thermal Infrared: TIR) 밴드 자료를 이용하여 시화호와 그 주변지역의 해수면 온도 (SST: sea surface temperature)를 검출하고, 시화방조제 공사 후의 토지피복변화를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 해수면 온도의 측정은 해양체계 뿐만 아니라 해양과 대기 사이의 열적인 경계범위 연구에 있어 중요하다. 1970년대 이후, AVHRR (advanced very high resolution radiometer)과 Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper)과 같은 인공위성 영상의 원격탐사기법을 이용한 해수면 온도의 추출이 이루어졌다. 그러나 AVHRR 영상은 우리나라의 서해안 지역과 같은 매우 복잡한 해안선을 가지고 있는 지역에서는 조악한 공간 해상도로 인해 해수표면온도 추출에 한계가 있다. Landsat TM 위성영상은 본 연구지역과 같이 복잡하고 좁은 해안지역의 해수면 온도 추출에 유용하게 사용된다고 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2015

Decision making by farmers regarding irrigation is critical for crop production. Therefore, the precision irrigation technique is very important to improve crop quality and yield. Recently, much attention has been given to remote sensing of crop canopy temperature as a crop water-stress indicator, because it is a scientifically based and easily applicable method even at field scales. This study monitored a series of time-variant canopy temperature of cucumber under three different irrigation treatments: under-irrigation (control), optimal-irrigation, and over-irrigation. The difference between canopy temperature ($T_c$) and air temperature ($T_a$), $T_c-T_a$, was calculated as an indicator of cucumber water stress. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was evaluated to define water stress on the basis of the temperature difference between leaf and air. The values of $T_c-T_a$ was negatively related to VPD; further, cucumber growth in the under- and over-irrigated fields showed water stress, in contrast to that grown in the optimally irrigated field. Thus, thermal infrared measurements could be useful for evaluating crop water status and play an important role in irrigation scheduling of agricultural crops.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2021

Infrared guided weapons act as threats that greatly degrade the survivability of combat aircraft. Infrared weapons detect and track the target aircraft by sensing the infrared signature radiated from the aircraft fuselage. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the infrared signature and susceptibility of supersonic aircraft according to omni-directional detection angle. Through the numerical analysis, we derived the surface temperature distribution of fuselage and omni-directional infrared signature. Then, we calculated the detection range according to detection angle in consideration of IR sensor's parameters. Using in-house code, the lethal range was calculated by considering the relative velocity between aircraft and IR missile. As a result, the elevational susceptibility is larger than the azimuthal susceptibility, and it means that the aircraft can be attacked in wider area at the elevational situation.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

3-5 ${\mu}m$ 파장대의 중적외선 영상으로부터 정밀한 절대온도를 추정하기 위해서는 지표 복사율, 대기효과, 낮 영상의 경우 반사되는 태양빛에 대한 정보를 필요로 하며, 이는 온도 추정 시 오차를 발생시키는 주요 원인이 된다. 이 연구는 이를 해결하기 위해 상대적인 온도 차이를 추정하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 기본 방향은 온도 추정을 위한 입력자료를 최소화 시키는 것이다. 이를 위해 인접한 지역에 위치한 두 대상물체가 받는 대기효과는 동일하다고 가정하였으며 MODTRAN 및 ASTER spectral library로부터 입력자료를 단순화 시키는 연구가 수행되었다. 시뮬레이션 연구 결과 제안된 상대온도추정알고리즘의 정밀도는 300 K의 온도에서 0.1의 지표 복사율 오차에 대해 2 K 이내의 비교적 높은 정밀도를 나타냈다. 그러나 낮 영상에서 저온인 경우에는 정밀도가 크게 감소하였다. 알고리즘의 검증을 위해 MODIS band 23 중적외선 낮 영상에 적용하였으며, 이를 MODIS LST 자료와 비교를 수행한 결과 $0.485{\pm}1.552$ K의 오차를 나타내었다. 이 결과로부터 제안된 알고리즘이 외부 입력자료를 필요로 하지 않고 단지 영상 만으로부터 비교적 높은 정밀도로 온도 추정이 가능함을 보였다. 그러나 제안된 알고리즘은 상대온도만을 알 수 있으며, 절대온도를 추정하기 위해서는 기준온도에 대한 정보가 필요하다는 한계점도 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2008

This study compares the relative accuracy and consistency of four split-window land surface temperature (LST) algorithms (Becker and Li, Kerr et ai., Price, Ulivieri et al.) using 24 sets of Terra (Aqua)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, observed ground grass temperature and air temperature over South Korea. The effective spectral emissivities of two thermal infrared bands have been retrieved by vegetation coverage method using the normalized difference vegetation index. The intercomparison results among the four LST algorithms show that the three algorithms (Becker-Li, Price, and Ulivieri et al.) show very similar performances. The LST estimated by the Becker and Li's algorithm is the highest, whereas that by the Kerr et al.'s algorithm is the lowest without regard to the geographic locations and seasons. The performance of four LST algorithms is significantly better during cold season (night) than warm season (day). And the LST derived from Terra/MODIS is closer to the observed LST than that of Aqua/MODIS. In general, the performances of Becker-Li and Ulivieri et al algorithms are systematically better than the others without regard to the day/night, seasons, and satellites. And the root mean square error and bias of Ulivieri et al. algorithm are consistently less than that of Becker-Li for the four seasons.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.717-720
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• 2005

Recently as large sized urban development and the city ward drifting of population are caused, the urban surface temperature is raised very seriously and rapidly. These artificial developments have destroyed the inner and outer landscapes such as topography and have changed complex local climate such as a sudden rise in temperature, the change of wind field and air pollution. In order to clarify this problem visually, the studies on extracting the thermal infrared and the characteristic analysis of local climate in urban area had been performed by using the sixth band of Landsat TM and ETM+. However, there is a need to alternate Landsat TM and ETM+ because these satellite images are not applied any more. Therefore, in this paper it is proposed to use 2 Aster image (2004.4.17 daily 2b03, 2004.10.10 night 2b03) of EOS AM and to extract the surface temperature. Also, the pattern of surface temperature in urban area and the application possibility in local climate study are proposed by verifying the correlation with A WS data. Also, IKONOS image was used to figure out the artificial development area in visual.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.572-580
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• 2020

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 from rattlesnakes (rsTRPA1) and boas (bTRPA1) was previously proposed to underlie thermo-sensitive infrared sensing based on transcript enrichment in infrared-sensing neurons and hyper-thermosensitivity expressed in Xenopus oocytes. It is unknown how these TRPA1s show thermosensitivities that overwhelm other thermoreceptors, and why rsTRPA1 is more thermosensitive than bTRPA1. Here, we show that snake TRPA1s differentially require Ca²⁺ for hyper-thermosensitivity and that predisposition to cytosolic Ca²⁺ potentiation correlates with superior thermosensitivity. Extracellularly applied Ca²⁺ upshifted the temperature coefficients (Q10s) of both TRPA1s, for which rsTRPA1, but not bTRPA1, requires cytosolic Ca²⁺. Intracellular Ca²⁺ chelation and substitutive mutations of the conserved cytosolic Ca²⁺-binding domain lowered rsTRPA1 thermosensitivity comparable to that of bTRPA1. Thapsigargin-evoked Ca²⁺ or calmodulin little affected rsTRPA1 activity or thermosensitivity, implying the importance of precise spatiotemporal action of Ca²⁺. Remarkably, a single rattlesnake-mimicking substitution in the conserved but presumably dormant cytosolic Ca²⁺-binding domain of bTRPA1 substantially enhanced thermosensitivity through cytosolic Ca²⁺ like rsTRPA1, indicating the capability of this single site in the determination of both cytosolic Ca²⁺ dependence and thermosensitivity. Collectively, these data suggest that Ca²⁺ is essential for the hyper-thermosensitivity of these TRPA1s, and cytosolic potentiation by permeating Ca²⁺ may contribute to the natural variation of infrared senses between rattlesnakes and boas.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.106-109
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• 2012

A low power methane gas sensor with microheater was fabricated by silicon bulk micromachining technology. In order to heat up the sensing layer to operating temperature, a platinum (Pt) micro heater was embedded in the gas sensor. The line width and gap of the microheater was 20 ${\mu}m$ and 4.5 ${\mu}m$, respectively. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowhisker arrays were grown on a sensor from a ZnO seed layer using a hydrothermal method. A 200 ml aqueous solution of 0.1 mol zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.1 mol hexamethylenetetramine, and 0.02 mol polyethylenimine was used for growing ZnO nanowhiskers. Temperature distribution of the sensor was analyzed by infrared thermal camera. The optimum temperature for highest sensitivity was found to be $250^{\circ}C$ although relatively high (64%) sensitivity was obtained even at as low a temperature as $150^{\circ}C$. The power consumption was 72 mW at $250^{\circ}C$, and only 25 mW at $150^{\circ}C$.