• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2007

Probably the three most important components to a comprehensive evaluation of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the clinical interview, the medical examination, and the completion and scoring or behavior rating scales. Teachers and other school personnel are often the first to recognize that a child or adolescent might have ADHD, and often play an important role in the help-seeking/referral process. A diagnostic evaluation for ADHD should include questions about ADHD symptoms, other problems including alcohol and drug use, family history of ADHD, prior evaluation and treatment for ADHD. Screening interview or rating scales as well as interviews should be used. When it is feasible, clinicians may wish to supplement these components of the evaluation with objective assessments of the ADHD symptoms, such as psychological tests. These tests are not essential to reaching a diagnosis, however, or to treatment planning, but they may yield further information about the presence and severity of cognitive impairments that could be associated with some cases of ADHD. Screening for intellectual ability and academic achievement skills is also important in determining the presence of comorbid developmental delay or loaming disabilities. The number and type of symptoms required for a diagnosis of ADHD vary depending on the specific subtype. To receive a diagnosis of ADHD, the person must be experiencing significant distress or impairment in daily functioning, and must not meet criteria for other mental disorders which might better account for the observed symptoms such as mental retardation, autism or other pervasive developmental disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders. This report aims to suggest a practice guideline of assessment and diagnosis for children and adolescents with ADHD in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2017

The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, is a representative vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes wilting symptoms in pine trees. A control method using a net has been introduced, which is an alternative method to the fumigation for the control of dead pine trees by pine wilt disease. This study was carried out to investigate the factors that induce gnawing and escaping behaviors of M. alternatus. The behaviors were examined after M. alternatus adult was placed in a confined space at different temperatures. M. alternatus adults could escape through mesh net torn by gnawing when they were confined in a space of 30 mm or less in diameter. The success rate of escape was high at 20 to $30^{\circ}C$, and no adults escaped at $15^{\circ}C$. The enticement of M. alternatus adults by food didn't affect the success rate of escape. In the case of not being confined in a narrow space, the escaping hole could not be formed because the gnawing was not concentrated on one part. M. alternatus moved its body in a narrow space using the tarsus of middle and hind legs, and made an escape hole by concentrically gnawing the obstacle on the front side with mandible, and showed a behavior of getting out while supporting the body by supporting the front legs. The present results will be able to use as an important basic information for evaluating the performance of mesh net which confines M. alternatus adults and suggested by alternative method to fumigation technology.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.58-69
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• 2017

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent, impairing, and comorbid disorder that persists into adulthood. ADHD should be diagnosed in the same manner as other common adult mental health disorders. The three most important components in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with ADHD are the clinical interview, medical examination, and completion and scoring of behavior rating scales. The diagnostic evaluation of ADHD should include questions about the symptoms, family history, prior evaluation and treatment of ADHD, as well as other problems including alcohol and drug use. Screening interviews or rating scales, as well as interviews, should be used. When it is feasible, clinicians may wish to supplement these components of the evaluation with the objective assessments of the ADHD symptoms, such as through psychological tests. These tests are not essential to reaching a diagnosis, however, or to treatment planning, but may yield further information about the presence and severity of cognitive impairments that could be associated with some cases of ADHD. As comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception, clinicians should carefully screen for comorbid disorders as part of a comprehensive assessment of ADHD. To receive a diagnosis of ADHD, the person must be experiencing significant distress or impairment in his or her daily functioning, and must not meet the criteria for other mental disorders which might better account for the observed symptoms, such as mental retardation, autism or other pervasive developmental disorders, mood disorders and anxiety disorders. This report aims to suggest practice guidelines for the assessment and diagnosis of children, adolescents and adults with ADHD in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2010

Objective : Multisensory integration (MSI) is the essential process to use diverse sensory information for cognitive task or execution of motor action. Especially, visual and somatosensory integration is critical for motor behavior and coordination. This study was designed to explain spatial and temporal characteristics of visual and somatosensory integration by neurophysiological research method that identifies the time course and brain location of the SI process. Methods : Electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) is used in this study in order to observe neural activities when integrating visual and tactile input. We calculate the linear summation (SUM) of visual-related potentials (VEPs) and somatosensory-related potentials (SEPs), and compared the SUM with simultaneously presented visual-tactile ERPs(SIM) Results : There were significant differences between the SIM and SUM in later time epochs (about 200-300ms) at contralateral somatosensory areas (C4) and occipital cortices (O1&O2). The amplitude of the SIM was mathematically larger than the summed signals, implying that the integration made some extra neural activities. Conclusion : This study provides some empirical neural evidence of that multisensory integration is more powerful than just combing two unisensory inputs in the brain and ERP data reveals neural signature relating to multisensory integrative process. Since this study is preliminary pilot study, larger population and criteria are needed for level of the significance. Further study is recommended to consider issues including effect of internally-driven attention and laterality of interaction to make the evidence by this study solid.

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.113-121
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• 1996

Persuasion is one of the attractive channels to enhance the relation between markerters and consumers and deliver the true communication on products to the consumers. This arctic tried to examine the symbolic meaning system as a way of maximizing the visual communicational effect of persuasion, the efforts of marketers who are trying to utilize the psychology of the mass that consume the symbol rather than products and the symbol system as a mean of propaganda were analyzed as well. People in modern age, in general, place more value on the emotional assoessibility than the efficiency of the product, As a result, the ways of expression of propaganda approaching the mass are in the process of gradual change, which was another theme this article tried to explore. Ames sied that the human preoeption has a tendency to perceive things in some organized pattern, which can be applied to even untransparable and meaningless image. Human beings don't perceive what there is but what, thery believe there to be, and his peroeption are channelized by the opportunity of the past, his peroeption are channelized by the opportunity of the past, his experience of the environment, and the history of learning. To say another word, people not only recognize the objective form but also accept the inside meaning of the visual object. Their reponse to the visual object, therefore, include personal cognition, judgment, and attitued. The communication in visual design reveals the culture, society, and art in a complex symbol, and make synthetic cultural interpretation possible. It's pretty attractive, effective, and reasonable method to use symbolic meaning system as a way of persuasion. It is because communication means whole process from receiving and delivering the information and message to making common meaning system, to measuring the effect of the behavior change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.574-577
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• 2011

In this study, we use the $2.5cm{\times}7.5cm$ soda lime glass as the substrate. We used the ultrasonicator. Glass was dipped in the acetone, methanol and DI water respectively for 10 minutes. Ar(99.99%)gas was used as the sputtering gas. We varied the RF power between 100~175 W with 25 W steps. Base pressure was kept by turbo molecular pump at $3.0{\times}10^{-6}$ torr. Working pressure was kept by injection of Ar gas. ZnS thin films were deposited with the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique at various temperatures and sputtering powers. It is also clearly observed that, the intensity of the (111) XRD peak increases with increasing the RF power. Electrical properties were measured by hall effect methods at room temperature. The resistivity, carrier concentration, and hall mobility of ZnS deposited on glass substrate as a function of sputtering power. It can be seen that as the sputtering power increase from 100 to 175 W, the resistivity of the films on glass decreased significantly from $8.1{\times}10^{-2}$ to $1.2{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$. This behavior could be explained by the effect of the sputtering power on the mobility and carrier concentration. When the RF power increases, the carrier concentration increases slightly while the resistivity decreases significantly. These variation originate from improved crystallinity and enhanced substitutional doping as the sputtering power increases.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.167-176
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• 2007

As much time is being spent with the family at weekends by the development of leisure culture, many people have begun to enjoy camping in the field. While many people use pensions or camping cars, many families or groups of friends go on camping in the summer holiday season. Although the tent design in this country has gradually been developed, it is not as developed as overseas designs with unique design characteristics according to climate, cultural behavior and colors. In this research, the American and Korea tent designs are compared in terms of color and frame. The differences are analyzed and a direction for tent designs appropriate for Korea in terms of size, area, ease of carriage and installation is proposed through theoretical data and idea sketches. The frame weight has been minimized and the durability increased for the ease of carriage and installation. The style and number of windows have been increased in order to provide a comfortable space by understanding the influx of airflow and the size of the tent has also been increased to provide extra space for storage. The information on the overseas and domestic tent design trends led to a color comparison and the extraction of images of language. The tent based on the new design is currently being mass-produced in China following 3 months of preparation including sample making and testing.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.549-565
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• 2000

Comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to determine 1) selected risk factors and its impact that affect pregnancy outcome such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance abuse 2) these factors can facilitate future strategies for health promotion and prevention for both pregnant women and fetus. Review of literature were extracted from searching MEDLINE(1966 - Oct. 2000). CINAHL (1982 - Oct. 2000) and the domestic literature. The following factors were identified: 1. The effects of risk behaviors on pregnancy. ${\cdot}$Maternal smoking was associated with the occurrence of premature or LBW delivery, fetal growth retardation, extremities defects, heart defects and sudden infant death syndrome. ${\cdot}$Maternal alcohol consumption was associated with spontaneous abortion, premature or LBW delivery, morphologic/neurologic problems, especially fetal alcohol syndrome. ${\cdot}$Heroin was associated with withdrawal after birth in which were born to heroine addicts for gestational age and lung maturation in animal studies. ${\cdot}$Cocaine was associated with spontaneous abortion, abruptio placenta and a poor response to environmental stimuli. ${\cdot}$So far, the effects of caffeine on pregnancy was controversial, but severe caffeine consumption was associated with premature or LBW delivery, spontaneous abortion, still birth and dystocia. 2. Intervention methods and its effects identified were as follows ${\cdot}$Conducted intervention for smoking, alcohol and drug consumption were single or combined. ${\cdot}$Intervention methods were counseling, phone contact, mailing, use of educational videotape, booklet, support person and alternatives such as nicotine patch. ${\cdot}$The interventions increased the rates of smoking cessation during pregnancy and awareness of the risk of drug consumption, and decreased amount of alcohol consumption. ${\cdot}$The intervention outcome found positive effect on birth weight and length. 3. Our recommendations were as follows ${\cdot}$The personal and social cognition should be enhanced through education and the mass media. ${\cdot}$It's necessary to educate and give information of preconceptional care, planned pregnancy and early prenatal care for optimal pregnancy outcome. ${\cdot}$It's necessary to develop comprehensive assessment tool which is reliable and valid on smoking, alcohol consumption and substance abuse to identify supportive or interventional program.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.177-208
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• 2013

This research analyzes the media which is simultaneously used with TV viewing, the behaviour of multiple media users, and the characteristics of TV programs under Nscreen circumstances. According to the results, TV provides stories and positions it as the main screen (84.5%, n=566), under the Nscreen circumstances. Personal media reproduces stories from TV by utilizing aspects of social media functions such as participation, open communication, community, connectivity, etc. The content is classified under three categories: 1) elicit emotion(point feeling), 2) information production, 3) participation, which is further divided into three subcategories; watch, wish, and result guarantee based on the level of interactivity. This inquiry is based upon diary survey and focus group interviews emphasized the role change of TV, specifically that TV takes a key role in generating original stories with the expansion of screen and social media. Even though users were able to watch the same TV programs at the same time and same place, the different methods of viewing: smartphone, tablet PC, web based mp3 and etc., it reproduced different stories and elicited different characteristics from its TV viewers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

In current society, the digital era that makes enormous amount of data, and the diversified city, the smart space, which has characteristics of creating, collecting and representing data, is appeared. After 2012, in the social media environment called hyper-connected society with wide-spread smart phone, people started to get interested in public data and big data by generalized mobile device and SNS. At first, development of forming platform of data was focused, but now, many different idea from diverse area have been suggested about data analysis and usage to visualize the space intellectualization service. To focus on the visualization process to increase the usage of this public data for ordinary people more than specialized people, this research grasps the present condition of open data and public data service from the current public data portal and considers the applicability of them. As the result of research, the analysis and application of data to ordinary people decrease the use of paper documents, and this research will help to develop the application which is fast and accurate about individual behavior and demand to utilize public data service in intellectual space.