• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2016

Background: Elements of informed consent including capacity, disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, and permission of the participant, are all crucial for clinical trials to be legally and ethically valid. During the informed consent process, the patient information leaflet is an important information source which prospective research subjects can utilize in their decision-making. In the adequate provision of information, KGCP guideline necessitate 20 specific items, as well as the use language that individuals can understand. This study measures the vocabulary level of patient information leaflets in an effort to provide an objective evaluation on the readability of such material. Methods: The word difficulty of 13 leaflets was quantitatively evaluated using Kim kwang Hae's vocabulary grading framework, which was compared to the difficulty level of words found in the $6^{th}$ grade Korean textbook. The quantitative outcomes were statistically analyzed using chi-squared tests and linear by linear association for ordinal data. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the vocabulary level and frequency of words in leaflets and the 6th Korean textbook. The leaflets were on average 260 sentences and about roughly 15 pages long, including lay language (easier or equal to language used in primary school) of around 12% less; technical language of around 4.5% more. As the vocabulary grades increase, there was a distinct difference in vocabulary level between Korean textbook and each information leaflet (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patient information leaflets may fail to provide appropriate information for self-determination by clinical trial subject through the difficulty level of its wording. Improvements in the degree of patients' understanding and appropriate use of information leaflets are collaboratively equipped to strengthen patient's autonomy and therefore guaranteeing participant's rights.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2008

In the paper, we designed a context aware task-role based access control system(CAT-RACS) which can control access and prevent illegal access efficiently for various information systems in ubiquitous computing environment. CAT-RACS applied CA-TRBAC, which adds context-role concept for achieve policy composition by context information and security level attribute to be kept confidentiality of information. CA-TRBAC doesn't permit access when context isn't coincident with access control conditions, or role and task's security level aren't accord with object's security level or their level is a lower level, even if user's role and task are coincident with access control conditions. It provides security services of user authentication and access control, etc. by a context-aware security manager, and provides context-aware security services and manages context information needed in security policy configuration by a context information fusion manager. Also, it manages CA-TRBAC policy, user authentication policy, and security domain management policy by a security policy manager.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we propose to investigate the existing EPL education related studies and to collect the total effect size for the improvement of high-level thinking through meta-analysis and to confirm the effect size according to various variables. So, we have objectively identified and generalized the practical effects of EPL education on the various elements of high-level thinking and high-level thinking. The results of the meta-analysis showed that 1) EPL is a teaching-learning tool that greatly improves students' high-level thinking. 2) Education based EPL has greatly contributed to the enhancement of creative thinking and logical thinking among high-level thinking. 3) Kodu, App Inventor, Scratch, and Dolittle was confirmed that the effect on the improvement of high-level thinking was great.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2023

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) states that the recommended horizontal accuracy for coastal and offshore areas is 10 m, the Alert Limit (AL) is 25 m, the time to alert is 10 seconds, and the integrity risk (IR) is 10^-5 per three hours. For operations requiring high accuracy, such as tugs and pushers, icebreakers, and automated docking, the IMO dictates that a high level of positioning accuracy of less than one meter and a protection level of 0.25 meters (for automated docking) to 2.5 meters should be achieved. In this paper, we analyze a method of calculating the user-side protection level of the centimeter-level precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that is being studied to provide augmentation information for the precision Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. In addition, we analyze standardized integrity forms based on RTCM SC-134 to propose an integrity information form and generate a centimeter-level precise PNT service plan.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.21 no.4_spc
• /
• pp.361-379
• /
• 2014

With the rapid increase of social network usage, there are emerging trends of adopting social information among online users in building recommendation system. This study aims to investigate whether the additional usage of social information can improve recommendation performance in recommendation system and how much the improvement can be different according to the product involvement level. As an experiment result, social information does not affect positively to the recommendation accuracy but affect significantly to the recommendation quality. Also social information contributed more sensitively to the improvement of recommendation quality in high product involvement domain.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.1840-1855
• /
• 2015

Troubles are often met when traditional active contours extract boundaries of medical images with inhomogeneous bias and various noises. Focusing on such a circumstance, a localized mutual information active contour model is discussed in the paper. By defining neighborhood of each point on the level set, mutual information is introduced to describe the relationship between the zero level set and image field. A driving energy term is then generated by integrating all the information. In addition, an expanding energy and internal energy are designed to regularize the driving energy. Contrary to piecewise constant model, new model has a better command of driving the contours without initialization.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2012

PURPOSES : The accuracy of travel time information is a key measure of effectiveness and reliability of advanced traveler information systems. This study aims at investigating drivers' perception on the acceptable level of information accuracy and their corresponding valuations. METHODS : A questionnaire survey was executed for collecting driver perception data to capture the expectation level of travel time information provided and their willingness to pay for the information. A Tobit model was adopted for exploring the relationship among the acceptable level, driver socioeconomic characteristics and travel attributes. Since drivers' willingness to pay for accurate travel time information can be different according to their travel lengths, a piecewise linear regression model was developed to capture the sensitivity of values of travel time information to travel length. RESULTS : The analysis results suggest that trip purpose and travel time are two dominant factors to determine drivers' acceptable level of travel time information. For business and short trips, drivers want more accurate information than for non-business and long trips. Drivers' willingness to pay for travel time information also varies depending on their incomes, trip purposes and travel lengths. The results also show that drivers' valuation of travel time information provided is sensitive to their travel length. For longer trips, drivers are less sensitive to travel time information and then put less value on the information provided. CONCLUSIONS : Censored nonlinear regression models are developed to estimate drivers' acceptable accuracy for travel time information and their valuation using questionnaire survey data. The findings on drivers perception to the required accuracy of travel time information and their corresponding willingness to pay can be used in the design and deployment of advanced traveler information system to improve its effectiveness and usefulness through high compliance.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.105-120
• /
• 2015

Enterprise should determine the adoption and utilization of information systems would be a great help to increase management performance. So, it maintains continually the budget and the investment for informatization. However, there is a limit to clarify whether the investment in informatization is contributed to create business opportunities through corporate competitiveness certainty or not. We tend to recognize the information system as a simple means to support common business rather than being used to achieve the company's business performance and to remain competitive. It is not an easy problem for the quantitative evaluation and analysis on the effect of intangible, such as management performance measurement by introducing computerization project. Informatization level evaluation model for the harsh business environment, specifically the Small and Medium Enterprise is lacking. In this paper, we proposed the audit evaluation model of an Small and Medium Enterprise informatization level based on system quality, information quality, user satisfaction, and IT business contribution. The proposed audit evaluation model was evaluated in the information system users, and verified the suitability throughout the survey of the audit professionals.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.487-498
• /
• 2018

The purpose of the high-speed railway construction is to better satisfy passenger travel demands. Accordingly, the design of the train working plan must also take a full account of the interests of passengers. Aiming at problems, such as the complex transport organization and different speed trains coexisting, combined with the existing research on the train working plan optimization model, the multiobjective bi-level programming model of the high-speed railway passenger train working plan was established. This model considers the interests of passengers as the center and also takes into account the interests of railway transport enterprises. Specifically, passenger travel cost and travel time minimizations are both considered as the objectives of upper-level programming, whereas railway enterprise profit maximization is regarded as the objective of the lower-level programming. The model solution algorithm based on genetic algorithm was proposed. Through an example analysis, the feasibility and rationality of the model and algorithm were proved.