• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.173-183
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• 2019

Sejong, Korea's special multifunctional administrative city, was created as a national project to relocated government ministries, the aim being to pursue more balanced regional economic development and boost national competitiveness. During the second phase development will focus on mitigating the challenges raised due to the increasing population and urbanization development. All of infrastructure, apartments, houses, private buildings, commercial structures, public buildings, citizens are producing more and more complex data. To face these challenges, Sejong city governments and policy maker recognizes the opportunity to ensure more enriched lives for citizen with data-driven city management, and effectively exploring how to use existing data to improve policy services and a more sustainable economic policy to enhance sustainable city management. As a city government is a complex decision making system, the analysis of astounding increase in city dada is valuable to gain insight in the affecting traffic flow. To support the requirement specification and management of government policy making, the graphic representation of information and data should be provide a different approach in the intuitive way. With in context, this paper outlines the design of interactive, web-based dashboard which provides data visualization regarding better policy making and risk management.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.345-359
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• 2013

In order to manage water quality efficiently and systematically through TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load), the demand for the construction of spatial data for stream networks has increased for use with GIS-based water quality modeling, data management and spatial analysis. The objective of this study was to present an improved KRF (Korean Reach File) design as framework data for domestic stream networks to be used for various purposes in relation to the TMDL. In order to achieve this goal, the US EPA's RF (River Reach File) was initially reviewed. The improved design of the graphic and attribute data for the KRF based on the design of the EPA's RF was presented. To verify the results, the KRF was created for the Han River Basin. In total, 2,047 stream reaches were divided and the relevant nodes were generated at 2,048 points in the study area. The unique identifiers for each spatial object were input into the KRF without redundancy. This approach can serve as a means of linking the KRF with related database. Also, the enhanced topological information was included as attributes of the KRF. Therefore, the KRF can be used in conjunction with various types of network analysis. The utilization of KRF for water quality modeling, data management and spatial analysis as they pertain to the applicability of the TMDL should be conducted.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.434-441
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• 2006

Objective: While one of the most prevailing motivations for seeking orthodontic treatment is to achieve good facial esthetics, understanding the level of a person's perception to the changes that have occurred on the face after orthodontic treatment is critical to the process of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods: 40 students attending art school participated in determining the level of their perception of changed lip position and facial asymmetry. Computer-graphic frontal face and facial profile photographs with balanced proportions were used to evaluate the level of a participant's perception of the changes in facia! asymmetry and in lip position. Results: Change of lip position over 2 mm and over a 3 mm change of facial asymmetry was perceived significantly. Conclusion: The results indicated that at least a 2 mm change of lip position was needed to be perceived after orthodontic treatment. The level of perception of the change in facial asymmetry was lower than that of the change in lip position. Information about facial changes given prior to the evaluation enhanced the level of perception.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2005

Statement of problem. In Korea, the preliminary impression trays for dental and edentulous maxillae are manufactured on the base of the statistical value of Westerners. There had been less study on the dental and edentulous arches of Koreans. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an average dental cast, preliminary impression trays, three-dimensional relation of dental and edentulous maxilla of Koreans Material and methods. The subjects for this study were 173 dental casts of maxilla (dental: 52, edentulous : 146) with ages $18\{\sim}60$ years old. Each of the master casts was measured 69 measuring points on the dental cast or maxilla, and 46 measuring points on the edentulous cast of maxilla with three-dimensional digital measuring machine. Each measuring points were analysed and were overlapped, that three dimensional dental graphic manufactured by CAD/CAM system. Results. 1. A standard of distribution to alveolar bone were width between left and right buccal border lines of the standard 3/4 line. The mean value of dental and edentulous casts were 67.27mm, 63.49mm respectively. 2. Morphological classification of dental casts were divided into three groups or V-shape, O-shape, U-shape, that proportion of distribution were 17%, 16%, 67%, respectively. Dimensional classification of the dental casts were divided into five groups of less than 63mm, 63 up to 65mm, 65 up to 67mm. 67 up to 69mm, more than 69mm, respectively. 3. Morphological classification of edentulous casts were divided into three groups or V-shape, O-shape, U-shape, that proportion of distribution were 18%, 17%, 65%, respectively Dimensional classification of the edentulous casts were divided into five groups of less than 57mm, 57 up to 61mm, 61 up to 65mm, 65 up to 69mm, more than 69mm, respectively. 4. Mean dental and edentulous cast of maxilla were overlapped, the proportion of bone resorption to alveolar bone is higher than that of palatal bone, its difference were higher anterior 2/4 area than posterior 3/4 area. Conclusion. It obtains information of preliminary impression trays for dental and edentulous maxilla of Koreans.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.567-574
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• 2003

Application field of third dimension graphic is becoming diversification by the fast development of hardware recently. Various theory of details technology necessary to design game such as 3D MMORPG (Massive Multi-play Online Role Flaying Game) that do with third dimension. Cyber city should be absorbed. It is the detection speed that this treatise is necessary in game engine design. 3D MMORPG game engine has much factor that influence to speed as well as rendering processing because it express huge third dimension city´s grate many building and individual fast effectively by real time. This treatise nay get concept about the collision in 3D MMORPG and detection speed elevation of game engine through improved detection method. Space division is need to process fast dynamically wide outside that is 3D MMORPG´s main detection target. 3D is constructed with tree construct individual that need collision using processing geometry dataset that is given through new graph. We may search individual that need in collision detection and improve the collision detection speed as using hierarchical bounding box that use it with detection volume. Octree that will use by division octree is used mainly to express rightly static object but this paper use limited OSP by limited space division structure to use this in dynamic environment. Limited OSP space use limited space with method that divide square to classify typically complicated 3D space´s object. Through this detection, this paper propose follow contents, first, this detection may judge collision detection at early time without doing all polygon´s collision examination. Second, this paper may improve detection efficiency of game engine through and then reduce detection time because detection time of bounding box´s collision detection.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.2
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• pp.129-146
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• 2010

Nowadays, XML has been favored by many companies internally and externally as a means of sharing and distributing data. there are many researches and systems for modeling and storing XML documents by an object-oriented method as for the method of saving and managing web-based multimedia document more easily. The representative tool for the object-oriented modeling of XML documents is UML (Unified Modeling Language). UML at the beginning was used as the integrated methodology for software development, but now it is used more frequently as the modeling language of various objects. Currently, UML supports various diagrams for object-oriented analysis and design like class diagram and is widely used as a tool of creating various database schema and object-oriented codes from them. This paper proposes an Efficinet Query Modelling of XML-GL using the UML class diagram and OCL for searching XML document which its application scope is widely extended due to the increased use of WWW and its flexible and open nature. In order to accomplish this, we propose the modeling rules and algorithm that map XML-GL. which has the modeling function for XML document and DTD and the graphical query function about that. In order to describe precisely about the constraint of model component, it is defined by OCL (Object Constraint Language). By using proposed technique creates a query for the XML document of holding various properties of object-oriented model by modeling the XML-GL query from XML document, XML DTD, and XML query while using the class diagram of UML. By converting, saving and managing XML document visually into the object-oriented graphic data model, user can prepare the base that can express the search and query on XML document intuitively and visually. As compared to existing XML-based query languages, it has various object-oriented characteristics and uses the UML notation that is widely used as object modeling tool. Hence, user can construct graphical and intuitive queries on XML-based web document without learning a new query language. By using the same modeling tool, UML class diagram on XML document content, query syntax and semantics, it allows consistently performing all the processes such as searching and saving XML document from/to object-oriented database.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of driving performance and physiological responses between young male and female drivers for unexpected situation using a graphic vehicle simulator. The participants included 20 college graduates; 23 males aged $24.3\;{\pm}\;1.4$ with $2.3\;{\pm}\;1.5$ years of driving experiences and 23 females aged $23.2\;{\pm}\;2.1$ with $2.2\;{\pm}\;1.7$ years of driving experience. The participants were instructed to drive the vehicle simulator which was programed unexpected situation for two minutes. The physiological measurements used were autonomic responses of electrocardiogram (ECG) and skin conductance response (SCR), and the driving performance measurements used were the reaction time of break and the rate of collision for unexpected situation. Results showed that there were no significant differences between male and female drivers in the reaction time of break and the rate of collision for unexpected situation. Averaged R-R interval decreased and LF IHF and SCL amplitude increased for unexpected situation. There were no significant differences between male and female in the averaged R-R interval and LF/HF for unexpected situation. On the other hand, SCL amplitude of female was higher than male. Rising time to maximum SCL amplitude of female was longer than male.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.601-611
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Korean science magazine, Science Donga providing scientific facts, phenomenons, and issues with infographic for the readers by time series analysis and to search for the application of infographic on the science education. The criteria for the infographic analysis of Science Donga consisted of three categories such as storytelling type, visual perception, and framework level because infographic presents complex information quickly and clearly by integrating various images, words, and graphics. We found that the articles emphasized by including image about science issue have been published from 1986 to 2014. Particularly, after 2008, the articles including infographic sharply rose. So we set up 2008 as $T_c$(Critical time point). The articles including infographic after 2008 have been more variously distributed and frequently used in storytelling types category such as location, time, number, connection, function, and process based infographic, in visual perception of Gestalt Theory such as proximity, similarity, continuation, and closure than before 2008. Lastly, in framework level category, location, time, number, and process based infographic mainly had total range level but function and connection based infographic changed in the framework level. The three features about storytelling type, visual perception, framework level are important changes to influence $T_c$ in the infographic analysis about Science Donga. Through the results of this study, we analyzed the feature of change on infographic from 1986 to 2014. Thus, we hope that the results suggest a basic criteria for making materials including infographic in science education.

• Water for future
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.13-18
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• 1981

The rainfall pattern analysis on time distribution characteristics of rainfall rates in important in determination of design flow for hydraulic structures, particularly in urban area drainage network system design. The historical data from about 400 storm samples during 31 years in Seoul have been used to investigate the time distribution of 5-minute rainfall in the warm season. Time distribution relations have been deveolped for heavy stroms over 20mm in total rainfall and represented by relation percentage of total storm rainfall to percentage of total storm time and grouping the data according to the quartile in which rainfall was heaviest. And also time distribution presented in probability terms to provide quantitative information on inter-strom variability. The resulted time distribution relations are applicable to construction of rainfall hyetograph of design storm for determination of design flow hydrograph and identification of rainfall pattern at given watershed area. They can be used in conjuction with informations on spatstorm models for hydrologic applications. It was found that second-quartile storms occurred most frequently and fourth-quartile storms most infrequently. The time distribution characteristics resulted in this study have been presented in graphic forms such as time distribution curves with probability in cumulative percent of storm-time and precipitation, and selected histograms for first, second, third, and fourth quartile stroms.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the unprecedented reform movement of geographic education in the United States since 1980 and extract some implications from this movement for geographic education in Korea. For the purpose, the history to this movement was reviewed through following three stages. In the first stage(1980~1984: form :HSGP" to :"Guideline"), the voluntary improvement movement appeared at California and the orgni-zational movement began in 1982 such as the Committee on Geography and International Knowledge. The national educational refrom imperatives, presented at "A Nation at Risk", and "Back to Basics" movement provided good opportunities to resurrect geography as a basic subject. For next real resurrection movement, the very important document "Guidelines for Geographic Education" was published at 1984. In the second stage(1985~1989: from "Guide-lines" to "Public"), the "Guideline" gave power-full motives and foci for reconstructiong the contents of geography, especially by the five fundamental themes(Location, Place, Relation-ships within Places, Movement, and Region). Also GENIP as the symbol of unity of all four major geography organization(AAG, NCGE, NGS, AGS) contributed to expanding and stren-gthening geography education. Also Geography Educagtion Program of NGS was a smart and well organized program to improve geographic education through it's a five strategies: Grass-roots organization(Alliances), Teacher education, Pu-blic awareness, Educational materials develo-pment, Targeted outreach to education decision-makers. In the late 1980s, the last focus of movement was the Public awareness and Edua-ction decision-making. In the third stage(1990-present: from "Public" to "Core Subject"), the initiative pendulum swung from geography organization to nation curricu-lum. In this National Curriculum, Geography was approved as a "Core Subject" and The 1994 National Geography Assessment Framework was constructed to assess the outcome of student's education in geography in grades, 4,8, and 12. Some Implications extracted from the process and contents of renaissance movement of geogr-aphic education in the Uinted States since 1980 are as follows. First, It shows the importance of the unity and target assignment among the geography organization. Second, interactive relationship between the academic geography and school geography develops each other. Third, teacher education, including pre-service education, including pre-service education and in-service education, is a key element to improve the quality of geography. And teacher organization is a good clearing house to exchange information for good geography. Forth, the positive and active response to changes in socketies such as globalism and inter-nationalizing, national education policy, and the trend of pedagogy is needed to rejuvenate geo-graphic education. Above all, we need to establish a well organized and powerfull program, sophisticated activities strategies, and long-term implementa-tion plan if we want more and better school geography.