• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1983

This study was conducted to obtain basic information on the rice anther culture. Materials used were (Inabawase X YR 2404-14-2-1) $F_1$ hybrid. Callus growth rate on various media, induction frequency of callus in spikelet and panicle, and the effect of treatment on anther and callus were evaluated. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The growth rate of callus on N-6, M-S, P.E.agar media was 19.8, 13.1, 4.1 times respectively after 30 days inoculated, and on liquid media was 3.8, 5.1, 1.4 times, respectively. Organ differentiation on N-6, M-S, P.E.agar media was 37.5%, 12.5%, 17.5% respectively. The difference of induction frequency of callus per panicle was 0.14%-6.25% and per spikelet was 0-19.05%. Almost callus was induced 30-35 days after inoculation. Organ differentiation of induced callus was decreased by culture. Callus cultured for 13 days after induction did not make shoot. Anthers cold shocked at $8^{\circ}C$ for 5 days obtained 3.32% efficiencys of callus induction per number of anthers plated, and compared with 2.41% of no treated anthers. But anther treated at $8^{\circ}C$ for 7 days decreased 2.24%. Callus induction periods were shortened by cold treatment for about 5 days. Callus cultured on medium containing 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D showed 5% on root formation but medium containing 5 mg/l of 2, 4-D showed 30% of root formation after transfered on the medium without 2, 4-D. Callus cold shocked at $15-18^{\circ}C$ revealed poor efficiency for root formation, but 5 days treatment was good for shoot formation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-117
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• 1999

This study concern with the pattern of Pusan Station shopping district within Pusan City, Korea, one of the special functioned shopping district within Pusan City. This paper will serve as a part of series studies which attempt to clarify the internal structure of Pusan as a whole. Part(II) of this study deals with the functions including living related, restaurants and others. The pattern of floors, size of shops, street corners and widths of streets were also analysed. The results are as follows: 1. In terms of numbers of firms in living related function, Pusan Station shopping district is the $7{\sim}8th$ ranked central place among nine the highest centers within Pusan City. Pusan Station shopping district has not much promoted vertical spatial differentiation comparatively, and also it's intensity of land use is the lower among nine the highest centers. It is presented that intimate relationship between intensity of vertical land use and classes of central places within the city. The ratio of inns and hotels in Pusan Station shopping district is third ranked in Pusan City. And the size of inns and hotels in this area is the most largest among the nine highest ranked central places within Pusan City. These presented that the traditional characteristics of station area as a special functioned shopping district. Inns and hotels mainly located along the narrower and back street. And it forms agglomerated areas or 'an alley of inns' at the inner parts of blocks, some like a 'hidden flower'. In Korea, 'alley' means that an area of specialization gains the prestige, traditionally. 2. Restaurants mainly locate along the narrower and back streets. And agglomerated areas of restaurants coincide with the agglomerated area of drinking places. It shows that these two kinds of functions need the same locational conditions. The ratio of Chinese restaurants is the highest in the Pusan Station shopping district. It's due to the agglomerated area these kinds of restaurants at the 'China town'. 3. Pusan Station shopping district has been formed along the streets within the residential areas. It's means that this shopping district now at the initial or middle growth era in development stage of shopping areas. 4. In general, wholesales and light manufacturing are located at peripheries within shopping district. But in Pusan Station shopping district, it dose not appear these spatial pattern. It shows that this area is lower ranked central place and not much progressed in spatial differentiation. 5. Particular firms which customers and workers have stayed more longer period of time are located at the far from the first floor. This vertical spatial differentiation is similar to the horizontal sequences. 6. Firms which have more ability of rental payment are located at street comers such as banks and pharmacies. In Pusan Station shopping district commercial facilities could not invade into the second third floors at narrower streets and first floor of back streets, still now.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.367-402
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• 2018

This study analyzed the relationship between the act on the guarantee of rights of and support for persons with developmental disabilities(Act for PWDD) and the similar ordinance of the local governments based on this law and focused on the correspondence(the rate of reflection) and the autonomy(differentiation). As of October 2017, 63 local government regulations and Act for PWDD were analyzed in this study. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the rate of reflection in the ordinance of Act for PWDD was different according to the clause. In the aspect of emphasizing welfare support, the agreement between local ordinance and rate was high. While the Act for PWDD emphasized the rights of persons with developmental disabilities, there was little information about their right in the ordinance of local governments. This is evidence that current ordinance is based on the protective point of view for people with developmental disabilities. In the future, policy measures will be needed to ensure that respect for decision-making by persons with developmental disabilities and rights guarantees are included in the bylaws. Second, there is a provision that the rate of ordinance reflection is 0%, which may be guaranteed by other laws in the area, so it does not mean the absence of related system in the region, but there is possibility of institutional blind spot. In the future, consideration should be given to the complementarity of other legal systems in the area with developmental disabilities, so that persons with developmental disabilities should not be placed in institutional blind spots. Third, the autonomy(differentiation) of local ordinance was examined from the contents aspect and the administrative aspect to help practical implementation. The differentiation between the ordinances vary. Emphasizing the responsibilities of the head of the organization, emphasizing the fact-finding survey, setting up the welfare committee, or adding local needs were included to the ordinance. Local governments considering the enactment of ordinances in the future should refer to these cases and establish enactable local ordinances that take advantage of the characteristics of local autonomy.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.77-95
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• 2022

The Gonamsan gabbroic complex in the Pocheon area, northwestern region of South Korea consists of a variety types of gabbroic rocks and associated Fe-Ti oxide deposits caused by magmatic differentiation. Post-magmatic intrusions (i.e., gabbroic pegmatite and pyroxene-apatite-zircon rocks) partly intruded into the gabbroic rocks. The gabbroic pegmatite occurs in monzodiorite and oxide gabbro of the complex, intimately and spatially associated with high-grade lenticular Fe-Ti oxide mineralization. The pegmatite can be subdivided into plagioclase-amphibole and pyroxene-olivine pegmatite, in which the contact surface is sharp. The plagioclase-amphibole pegmatite comprises plagioclase and amphibole, with lesser amount of pyroxene, ilmenite, sphene, apatite, and biotite. The pegmatite shows plagioclase-amphibole intergranular texture, in which the open space formed by large plagioclase laths (An_2-26Ab_72-98Or_0-2) are infilled by amphibole. The pyroxene-olivine pegmatite is dark gray to black in color and also contains magnetite, ilmenite, spinel, apatite, and calcite as a minor component. The pyroxene (En_35-36Fs_8-9Wo₅₅) and olivine (Fo_84-85Fa_15-16) partly show a poikilitic texture defined by smaller euhedral olivine enclosed by coarser clinopyroxene. Fe-Ti oxide minerals consist mainly of magnetite and ilmenite that are found interstitially to earlier formed silicates. Subsequently, they are encompassed by reaction rim (almost of amphibole and biotite) along the boundary with surrounding silicate minerals. Under the microscope, magnetite contains a lot of oxyexsolved ilmenite (trellis type) and spinel, and thereby is weakly enriched in magnetite-compatible elements such as Ti, Al, Mg, and V. The structure and textures at the contact zone as well as mineralogical disequilibrium between gabbroic pegmatite and the host gabbroic rocks suggest that the pegmatite may form as a result of accumulation from Fe-rich melt (or liquid) that occurred somewhere rather than in situ form from the host gabbroic rock during the magmatic differentiation. Consequently, the preliminary study suggests that further study on the post-magmatic activities can not only help us improve our understanding on magmatic fractionation but also provide critical information on Fe-Ti oxide mineralization in gabbroic rocks resulting from the magmatic differentiation.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Recently, a method that applies laser scanning (LS) that acquires vegetation information such as the vegetation habitat area and the size of vegetation in a point cloud format has been proposed. When LS is used to investigate the physical shape of vegetation, it has the advantage of more accurate and rapid information acquisition. However, to examine uncertainties that may arise during measurement or post-processing, the process of adjusting the data by the actual data is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the physical structure of stems, branches, and leaves of woody vegetation in an artificially formed river channel was manually investigated. The obtained results then compared with the information acquired using the three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning (3D TLS) method, which repeatedly scanned the target vegetation in various directions to obtain relevant information with improved precision. The analysis demonstrated a negligible difference between the measurements for the diameters of vegetation and the length of stems; however, in the case of branch length measurement, a relatively more significant difference was observed. It is because the implementation of point cloud information limits the precise differentiation between branches and leaves in the canopy area.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7B
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• pp.585-597
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose the functional models of optical burst switching (OBS) routers to apply GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching) to optical networks based on OBS. In addition, we introduce a connection admission control (CAC) algorithms which are operated in this models and can accommodate the required QoS. Firstly, the characteristics of current GMPLS and OBS for the optical Internet are basically considered. With this consideration, the models are proposed to accept OBS features which include the recognition of data boundary with control information and the statistical multiplexing in terms of bursts. Secondly, we use an offset time decision (OTD) algorithm on behalf of controlling the connection admission with taking QoS parameters such as burst loss rate(BLR) and service-differentiation ratio(SDR) into consideration. The proposed CAC algorithms use the offered load of LSP (Label Switched Path), wavelength information, and QoS parameters as inputs of OTD algorithm. A call setup request will be accepted when the offset time decided by OTD algorithm is reasonable for guaranteeing its requested QoS. Simulation is used for performance evaluation. Results show the proposed schemes can guarantee the required QoS and those are better than the previous one in terms of channel utilization.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.269-284
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• 2004

Induced from government policy to boost regional economic competitiveness, regional informatization forming e-community has been the subject included in the various regional informatization master plans in Korea. However, few cases are reported for its successful implementation mainly due to the lack of profitable business model to encourage investment. On the other hand, most efforts to build smart apartments, part of the home networking in a broad sense, has been pursued from the different directions. Telecommunication giant such as Korea Telecom tries to find new source of revenue exploiting enhanced broad band technology. Also, construction companies started constructing housing complexes equipped with built-in high speed network infrastructure as a means to differentiation to other competitors. The contents providing community portal has become mandatory in the sense of bearing the cost from customer side who are willing to adopt those services for new smart house. Our research motivation stems from exploring critical value aspects of realizing the profitability of this emerging new business model, that is, industry convergence model. In this paper, mainly from the survey results of the Korean smart apartment complexes, we reported recent home networking services development in Korea, and value propositions from the business model perspective. Merged business model components of telecommunications, construction, and internet contents are analyzed to provide the insights for future directions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 2016

In general, QRS duration represent a distance of Q start and S end point. However, since criteria of QRS duration are vague and Q, S point is not detected accurately, arrhythmia classification performance can be reduced. In this paper, we propose extraction of Q, S start and end point RS feature based on phase transition tracking method after we detected R wave that is large peak of electrocardiogram(ECG) signal. For this purpose, we detected R wave, from noise-free ECG signal through the preprocessing method. Also, we classified QRS pattern through differentiation value of ECG signal and extracted Q, S start and end point by tracking direction and count of phase based on R wave. The performance of R wave detection is evaluated by using 48 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The achieved scores indicate the average detection rate of 99.60%. PVC classification is evaluated by using 9 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database that included over 30 premature ventricular contraction(PVC). The achieved scores indicate the average detection rate of 94.12% in PVC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.9B
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• pp.778-790
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose the functional models of optical burst switching (OBS) routers to apply GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching) to optical networks based on OBS. In addition, we introduce a connection admission control (CAC) algorithms which are operated in this models and can accommodate the required QoS. Firstly, the characteristics of current GMPLS and OBS for the optical Internet are basically considered. With this consideration, the models are proposed to accept OBS features which include the recognition of data bounda η with control information and the statistical multiplexing in terms of bursts. Secondly, we use an offset time decision (OTD) algorithm on behalf of controlling the connection admission with taking QoS parameters such as burst loss rate(BLR) and service-differentiation ratio(SDR) into consideration. The proposed CAC algorithms use the offered load of LSP (Label Switched Path), wavelength information, and QoS parame ‘ ers as inputs of OTD algorithm. A call setup request will be accepted when the offset time decided by OTD algorithm is reasonable for guaranteeing its requested QoS. Simulation is used for performance evaluation Results show the proposed schemes can guarantee the required QoS and those are better than the previous one in terms of channel utilization.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.46-70
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• 2007

Customer Support Knowledge of Customer Support Organization is one of the important assets of enterprises and "Customer Support Knowledge Management" is also the critical aspect of Business Knowledge Management; however, the attributes of Customer Support Knowledge are complicated, diverse, renewed rapidly and difficult to be managed. Thus, in order to design a successful Customer Support Knowledge Management System, apart from the consideration of "human" and "information technology" aspects, the concerns of attributes and Customer Support Knowledge and industry characteristics should be involved for meeting the requirements of Customer Support Organization and allowing the organization to acquire the competitive advantage of "Differentiation Service". This research used the "Customer Support Knowledge Management System" in a high-tech industry as an example and treated the end users of medical instruments in different types of hospitals in Taiwan which have received the support service of our company in recent six months as the population. The end users were mostly the nursing executives or ultrasonic wave technical personnel in intensive care unit and they had similar educational background and incomes and adopted the medical instruments such as physical supervision system, ultrasonic wave system, heart start or ECG machine produced by our company; the research method was to randomly treat the investigation results of the telephone customers' satisfaction from respective 30 end users in the population three months before and after this system execution as the samples and use hypotheses to validate if the end users' customer satisfaction significantly improved in terms of "Remote Support," "On-site Support," "Service Turn Around time," "Technical Competence" and "Manner" in order to understand the influence and managerial significance of execution of "Customer Support Knowledge Management System" on Customer Support Organization.