• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

As the 4th Industrial Revolution era in worldwide, interest in autonomous vehicles is increasing. but due to recent safety issues such as pedestrian accidents and car accidents, as a technical model for this, the demand for 3D HD maps (High Definition maps) is increasing in including lanes, road markings, road information, traffic lights and traffic signs etc. However, since some complementary points have been continuously raised according to demand, It is necessary to collect the opinions of institutions and companies utilizing HD maps and to improve HD maps. This study was conducted by utilizing the results of the contest for usability verification of HD Maps hosted by the National Geographic Information Institute and organized by the Spatial Information Industry Promotion Institute. For this study, we researched HD maps' layers and codes for HD maps object usability to improve HD maps, constructed HD maps object usability items accordingly, and contested usability verification of HD maps according to the items The contestants conducted verification and analyzed the results. As a result, the most frequently used code for each layer was the flat intersection, and the code showing the highest usage rate was a safety sign. In addition, the use rate of the sub-section and height obstacles was 16.67% and 8.88%, respectively, showing a low ratio. In order to utilize HD maps in the future, this study is expected to require research to continuously collect opinions from customers and improve data objects and data models that are actually needed by customers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Update of road facilities database such as road sign, traffic lights, and street lights is interesting business in a local government. Recently, existing road facilities database, aerial photo and topographic map are referred for the installation and complement of road facilities. But it is difficult to comprehend road facilities' condition and additional expenses may appear in field survey. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and update road facility DB and many studies has been carried out to efficiently collect road related spatial data. In this study, the establishment of various complicated road facility DB was conducted by images that had been obtained by digital camera with a built-in bluetooth and DGPS. Results showed that road facility DB was constructed effectively and suggested the possibility of road facility management using images based on coordinate through accuracy analyses using total-station surveying. And using digital camera and DGPS is expected to effective real-time update and management of road facility DB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2003

This study intended to extract the spatial data and attribute data from the images of terrestrial and aerial photographs and to compile the digital map from the images using various kinds of photograrmmetric analysis. Also this study aimed to develope the technique of constructing the Information System for Building and Road Facility (ISBRF) using the compiled digital maps and the extracted data. The spatial or attribute data for the facilities in the area was extracted using the single terrestial photographs and graphical method. And the Three Dimensional Frame Model was produced from multiple images of terrestial photographs. In addition, the spatial data base for the objective area was updated by the vectorizing procedures with small scale areal photos. It is concluded that the efficient techniques for constructing the ISBRF was suggested in this study.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

The paper aims to clarify how to make a decision using geographic information systems and how to choose the best route between two cities to suit the expectations of the driver and his sense of safety and comfort on the road. Use a special model for network analysis, where the network analysis tool relied on the following data (maximum speed of the road - number of intersections - road width - peak period) in choosing the best safe path. The paper concluded that the best safe route for refugees between the cities of Khartoum - Arqin crossing is ( Khartoum - Shendi - Atbara - Meroe - Abu Hamad - Wadi Halfa). We advise all GIS users to use the theories of spatial analysis when creating a new model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.208-214
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• 2014

Vehicle dynamic states used in various advanced driving safety systems are influenced by road geometry. Among the road geometry information, the vehicle pitch angle influenced by road slope and acceleration-deceleration is essential parameter used in pose estimation including the navigation system, advanced adaptive cruise control and others on sag road. Although the road slope data is essential parameter, the method measuring the parameter is not commercialized. The digital map including the road geometry data and high-precision DGPS system such as DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System) based RTK(Real-Time Kinematics) are used unusually. In this paper, low-cost cascade extended Kalman filter(CEKF) based road slope estimation method is proposed. It use cascade two EKFs. The EKFs use several measured vehicle states such as yaw rate, longitudinal acceleration, lateral acceleration and wheel speed of the rear tires and 3 D.O.F(Degree Of Freedom) vehicle dynamics model. The performance of proposed estimation algorithm is evaluated by simulation based on Carsim dynamics tool and T-car based experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.88-94
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• 2004

Recently, vehicle simulators are widely used to evaluate driver's responses and driver assistance systems. It needs much effort to construct the virtual driving environment for a vehicle simulator. In this study, it is described how to make effectively the roads and the driving environment for a vehicle simulator. The GIS (Geographic Information System) is used to construct the roads and the environment effectively. Because the GIS is the integrated system of geographical data, it contains useful data to make virtual driving environment. First, the outline and centerline of roads is abstracted from the GIS. From the road outline, the road width is calculated. Using the centerline, the grid model of roads is constructed. The final graphic model of roads is constructed by mapping road image to the grid model according to the number of lanes and the kind of surface. Data of buildings from the GIS are abstracted. Each shape and height of buildings is determined according to kind of buildings, the final graphic model of buildings is constructed. Then, the graphic model of roadside tree is also constructed. Finally, the driving environment for driving simulator is constructed by converting the three graphic models with the graphic format of Direct-X and by joining the three graphic models.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.186-195
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• 2016

This paper proposes a vehicle license plate detection method in real road environments using 8 bit-MCT features and a landmark-based Adaboost method. The proposed method allows identification of the potential license plate region, and generates a saliency map that presents the license plate's location probability based on the Adaboost classification score. The candidate regions whose scores are higher than the given threshold are chosen from the saliency map. Each candidate region is adjusted by the local image variance and verified by the SVM and the histograms of the 8bit-MCT features. The proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 85% from various road images in Korea and Europe.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.296-309
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• 2003

One of commercial applications of mobile computing is ATIS(Advanced Traveler Information Systems) in ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems). In ATIS, a primary mobile computing task is to compute the shortest path from the current location to the destination. In this paper, we have studied the shortest path re-computation problem that arises in the DRGS(Dynamic Route Guidance System) in ATIS where the cost of topological digital road map is frequently updated as traffic condition changes dynamically. Previously suggested methods either re-compute the shortest path from scratch or re-compute the shortest path just between the two end nodes of the edge where the cost change occurs. However, these methods we trivial in that they do not intelligently utilize the previously computed shortest path information. In this paper, we propose an efficient approximate shortest path re-computation method based on the dynamic window scheme. The proposed method re-computes an approximate shortest path very quickly by utilizing the previously computed shortest path information. We first show the theoretical analysis of our methods and then present an in-depth experimental performance analysis by implementing it on grid graphs as well as a real digital road map.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.173-184
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• 2018

As the portable traffic information collection system using probe vehicles spreads, it is becoming possible to collect road hazard information such as portholes, falling objects, and road surface freezing using in-vehicle sensors in addition to existing traffic information. In this study, we developed a integration and decision algorithm that integrates time and space in real time when multiple probe vehicles detect events such as road hazard information based on GPS coordinates. The core function of the algorithm is to determine whether the road hazard information generated at a specific point is the same point from the result of detecting multiple GPS probes with different GPS coordinates, Generating the data, (3) continuously determining whether the generated event data is valid, and (4) ending the event when the road hazard situation ends. For this purpose, the road risk information collected by the probe vehicle was processed in real time to achieve the conditional probability, and the validity of the event was verified by continuously updating the road risk information collected by the probe vehicle. It is considered that the developed hybrid processing algorithm can be applied to probe-based traffic information collection and event information processing such as C-ITS and autonomous driving car in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.911-916
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• 2005

Noise map is a presentation of existing data or predicted noise situation in terms of noise indicator. However, it has shortcoming for assessing the number of people exposed, or the number of dwellings affected to any relevant limit values of noise level in certain areas. In this study, so called over-ride value noise mapping is proposed to make up for the shortcoming by using over-ride function of object-oriented programming and it is to show the guard of the area where it is satisfied the standard of option, or it is not satisfactory. Over-ride value noisemap data is combined with topography layer, population and house statistics, and GIS space statistical analysis. The over-ride value noise mapping can also he applied to make the road traffic noisemap, the railroad noisemap, the aircraft noisemap, and the industrial site noisemap This can express noise damage information more exactly.