• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2015

학교 운동장은 체육활동 외에도 학생들과 지역 주민들의 다양한 여가 활동이 이루어지는 중요한 공간이다. 본 연구는 운동장 조성 및 잔디관리 현황 조사를 통하여 천연잔디학교 운동장의 문제점을 파악하고 앞으로 학교 운동장 잔디의 품질향상을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 경기도내에 천연잔디 학교 운동장 40개소를 방문하여 운동장관리 관계자와의 질문 답변과 현장조사 결과 학교당 운동장 면적은 평균 $3,890m^2$, 1인당 운동장 면적은 평균 $12m^2$로 나타났다. 운동장 잔디관리는 학교 관계자에 의한 자체 관리가 조사 대상 학교의 95%로 나타났고, 잔디관리 비용은 조사된 학교의 대부분인 90%가 5백만원 이하의 적은 비용으로 유지 관리되고 있었다. 천연잔디 학교 운동장의 문제점으로는 잔디관리의 어려움과 잔디관리에 소요되는 비용 부담 등으로 나타났다. 운동장 잔디관리의 가장 큰 어려움으로 잡초관리와 관수작업으로 나타났다. 학교 운동장은 조사대상의 97.5%가 한국잔디로 조성되어 있었으며 시비 년2회, 깎기 년6회, 잡초방제 월2회, 관수는 위조발생시 처리하는 수준으로 나타나 많은 학교가 최소관리 수준에서 잔디관리가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 학교 운동장의 잔디상태는 양호한 곳이 14개소, 개선을 요하는 수준에 있는 학교가 26개소로 관배수시설 확충과 함께 기본적인 잔디관리 수준을 높임과 동시에 잔디보식, 통기, 배토 등과 같은 적극적인 갱신작업을 통하여 운동장 잔디 품질 향상이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.364-373
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• 1999

이 연구는 전나무림과 잣나무림에서 산림시업(山林施業)(간벌 및 가지치기)이 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性) 및 수질변화(水質變化) 등에 미치는 영향(影響)을 파악함으로써 산림시업(山林施業)에 따른 산림(山林)의 수질정화기능(水質淨化機能)을 평가(評價)하기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공(提供)하기 위하여 실시하였다. 1996년 3월부터 5월까지 산림시업을 한 광릉시험림 31, 33임반내 전나무림과 잣나무림 유역에서 1998년 3월 1일부터 1998년 8월 4일까지 임분특성(林分特性), 토양(土壤)의 물리적(物理的) 특성(特性), 그리고 강우(降雨), 임내우(林內雨)(수관통과우(樹冠通過雨), 수간류(樹幹流)), 토양수(土壤水), 계류수(溪流水)의 수질동태(水質動態)를 분석(分析)하였다. 산림시험 후 약 2년 6개월이 경과된 1998년 9월 현재, 전나무림과 잣나무림에서 임목의 평균수고(平均樹高), 평균흉고직경(平均胸高直徑)은 시업구가 비시업구 보다 각각 1.8m, 0.6m, 4.7cm, 1.4cm 더 성장하였으며, 시업구는 비시업구 보다 A층 토양에서의 조공극율(粗孔隙率), 총공극율(總孔隙率)은 증가하였으나, 토양(土壤)의 가비중(假比重)은 감소하여 전나무림과 잣나무림에서는 산림시업(山林施業)에 따라 산림토양(山林土壤)의 강수침투구조(降水浸透構造)는 개선(改善)되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전나무림과 잣나무림에서 산림시업(山林施業)으로 임우내(林內雨) 및 토양수(土壤水)의 완충효과(緩衝效果)가 증대(增大)되는 것으로 분석(分析)되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2017

Background: Although flowers of Panax ginseng Meyer (FPG), Panax quinquefolius L. (FPQ), and Panax notoginseng Burk. (FPN) have been historically used as both medicine and food, each is used differently in practice. Methods: To investigate the connection between components and enhancing immunity activity of FPG, FPQ, and FPN, a method based on a rapid LC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight MS and immunomodulatory activity study evaluated by a carbon clearance test were combined. Results: According to quantitative results, the ratio of the total content of protopanaxatiol-type ginsenosides to protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in FPN was 0, but ranged from 1.10 to 1.32 and from 0.23 to 0.35 in FPG and FPQ, respectively. The ratio of the total content of neutral ginsenosides to the corresponding malonyl-ginsenosides in FPN ($5.52{\pm}1.33%$) was higher than FPG ($3.2{\pm}0.64%$) and FPQ ($2.39{\pm}0.57%$). The colorimetric analysis showed the content of total ginsenosides in FPQ, FPG, and FPN to be $13.75{\pm}0.60%$, $17.45{\pm}0.42%$, and $12.45{\pm}1.77%$, respectively. The carbon clearance assay indicated that the phagocytic activity of FPG and FPQ was higher than that of FPN. A clear discrimination among FPG, FPQ, and FPN was observed in the principal component analysis score plots. Seven compounds were confirmed to contribute strongly by loading plots, which may be the cause of differences in efficacy. Conclusion: This study provides basic information about the chemical and bioactive comparison of FPG, FPQ, and FPN, indicating that protopanaxtriol-type ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides may play a key role in their enhancing immunity properties.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2003

Finding aids는 미국 및 서구 기록보존소에서 기록물에 대한 기술(記述)을 수록하고 있는 일종의 기록물로의 접근 도구이다. 일반 도서와는 달리, 기록물은 record groups 혹은 series로 다루어 지고 있으며, 각 그룹이나 시리즈마다 문서 생산 기관의 역사 및 기록물들의 생산유래, 목적, 결과 등이 기입되어 있는 기록물에 대한 광범한 정보가 실리는 도구이다. 도서로 치면 일종의 목록이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 국내에서는 아직 생소한 이 finding aids의 개념을 북미에서 출판된 문헌과 기록보존소들의 실무를 통하여 구명해 보고자 한다. Finding aids는 초기 기록보존학이 미국내 성립되던 1950~60년대의 통합적이고 생산기관의 출처주의에서 크게 벗어나지 못한 상태의 개괄적인 개념에서, 80년대의 정보 기술의 한 도구로서의 좁은 의미를 지나, 90년대 들어서서는 이용자들의 접근 수단으로까지 발전해왔음이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 기본적인 개념의 인식은 기록보존가들이 이용자들에게 더욱 적극적인 정보제공을 할 수 있는 이론적이고 실무적인 기반을 마련해 주는 작업이고, 이를 바탕으로 더 나은 수준의 finding aids와 기록보존소의 유용성을 높이는 계기가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.471-480
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was designed to provide basic information for smoking prevention education for middle school students by examining their knowledge and attitudes toward smoking. Method: A survey was conducted in this study on 1.250 students from 12 middle schools in the six educational bureaus in the Busan region. Results from the preliminary survey showed that the reliability of the instruments for knowledge and attitudes toward smoking were 0.84 and 0.86. respectively. The data for this study were collected for 20 days from Dec. 1 to 20, 2000, and then statistically analyzed with the SAS program using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. and two-way ANOVA. Results: (1) The highest frequency of responses found that both male and female students did not smoke at all. Among 170 students who had experiences of smoking, 66.5% reported they tried smoking because of curiosity, and 38.2% reported they first smoked during the 2nd grade of middle school and 1.2% during 4th grade of primary school. (2) In scores on smoking knowledge, the item with the highest score in both male and female students was one that they had no smoking experiences et al. followed by smoking experiences in the past and experiences of regular smoking. (3) In scores on attitude toward smoking, both male and female students were scored as the highest at the item that they had no smoking experiences et all. followed by the item that they smoked in the past and that they experienced regular smoking. (4) There was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitude toward smoking among the whole subjects (r=0.09. P=0.00). With regard to regular smoking experiences among the male and female students at the 3rd grade of middle school. there was a relatively high correlation between knowledge and attitude toward smoking among them (r=0.57. P=0.00: r=0.56. P=0.01). Conclusion: Students who had never smoked or smoked only in the past need smoking prevention education consistently. Particularly, for those who were regular smokers, not only individualized but also organized in small size groups, they need an intensive educational program on the basis of counseling to reduce smoking and to put in practice smoking cessation.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.154-169
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• 1996

Parish nursing is a community health nursing role developed in 1983 by Lutheran chaplain Granger Westberg. An increasing emphasis on holistic care, personal reseponsibility for a healthy lifestyle, and changes in healthcare delivery systems have undoubtedly facilitated the establishment and nurturance of an innovative nursing role in the community. Parish nurses are functioning in a variety of church congregations of various denominations. The parish nurse is a educator, a personal health counselor, a coordinator of volunteers. The parish nurses helps people relate to the complexed medical care system and assists people to integrate faith and health. The autors conducted a study on pastor's expectations from parish nurses. Results of this study will be useful to those instrumental in planning, initiating, supporting, and evaluating a parish nurses program The research was done on 130 pastors in Taegue and Kyong Sang Buck Do, of various ages ranging from their 20's to 60's: and pastoring churches of various sizes, ranging from under 100 to over 300 members. 94.6% agreed that they needed a parish nurse on their staff; and 86.2% said they wanted to start a parish nurse program in their churches if certain basic conditions were met. The pastors responded that some would hire the nurses on a full-time basis(22.3%), a part -time basis (37.7%) or use volunteer nurses (40%). The pastors said they would expect the following from a parish nurse: health counselling (80.0%) regular health check-ups (78.5%) health care for the elderly (78.5%) health information and education (72.3%) hospice care (72.3%) visiting sick church members at home (69.2%) arranging and training volunteers to help the seek (59.2%) health care for expectant mothers (50.0%) introducing and taking people to health care facilities (46.2%) The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health education they would want the parish nurse to teach(for example, high blood pressure and heart disease prevention and management(76.2%) ; stress management(74.6%); and diabetes prevention and management(73.8%). The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health counselling they would expect the parish nurse to do (for example, drug abuse, (73.1), alcohol abuse(64.6%), marriage conflict(60.0%), recovery after the loss of a loved one(56.9%), and women's conflict with parents-in-law(53.8%). The pastors were surveyed about types of things they would want included in regular health check-ups, what they would want a parish nurse to do on home visits, and what they would want included in home care for the elderly. They were also surveyed on what kind of spiritual care they would like parish nurses to give. Most (90.7%) wanted their parish, parishioners to be involved in the parish nurses program as volunteers, and in a variety of ways(such as visiting sick in their homes(68.5%) and helping with housework(63.1%) and taking sick people to health facilities(60%). Parish nurses role, activities, and boundaries of practice should be continuously monitored and refined and a 'case manager' should be conceptualized as an additional or all-encompassing role. An initial parish / community needs and readiness assessment should be done prior to establishing a program to detemine if the congregation is ready, willing, and able to support such a position for at least a 2 to 3 year period.

• 한국보건간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국보건간호학회 2002년도 제27회 보건종합학술대회
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• pp.224-227
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• 2002

Alcoholism affects not only the individuals who depend on it, but also their families. Children who have an alcohol dependent parent have various problems and need help, but little attention has been given to them. Many references report only negative characteristics of these children. In order to help the children of alcohol dependent parents, health professionals need more information. A wholistic understanding and analysis of these children is needed as a basis for the development of suitable programs of help them. A phenomenological methodology was used to identify the experience of children whose fathers were addicted to alcohol. The findings portray the essence of the lived experience of children of alcohol dependent fathers. Nine adolescents participated in in-depth inverviews and observation with the researcher, done between October and December 2001. The data were recorded on audio tape and transcribed. Sampling was continued until the data were theorectically saturated. The Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Three themes and twenty six meanings were identified. The first theme is Living Alone: living abusively as partner to an alcohol dependent father, living dangerously like an explosive fury, living as an object that ha no self, living with rejection of fatherly being, living with felt responsibility but having no power to help mother who suffers patiently with pain and abuse, living along with no shoulder to lean on, and living with the prejudice of sex discrimination. The second theme is Paradoxical Coping in Life. The meanings are obsessive behavior as a way to control father's behavior, always on the defensive due to anxiety and tension, being afraid of life alone due to paranoid thoughts, contradictory expectation about father's drinking behavior due to life with chronic tension, stress becoming familiar and life being boring and tendious without stimulation, life that is fake and filled with misinterpretations about reality, affection sought from others due to loneliness, compensatory life within peer group, negative expectation about the future due to negative experiences, controling others to protect ego, denial of real emotion to protect self from hurt, life of regretting self, and strong need for approval from others. The third theme is sustaining life. The meanings are ambivalence between revenge on father and pity, struggle for desirable self against fear of gather-like image, understanding father through self reflection, hope to find fatherly being through father's recovery, being able to stand through emotional control and cognitive restructuring, nurturing the seed of hope for the future while in a situation of desperation. The contribution of this study is to give a wholistic understanding of the empirical reality of children of alcohol dependent parents and to develop substantive theory in nursing knowledge. In nursing practice, the results of this study can provide a foundation for the development of programs for children of alcohol dependent parents.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2004

본 연구는 정신장애인의 일반적 특성, 정신장애인의 장애관련 특성, 대인관계의 정도, 서비스의 경험 정도를 살펴보고, 이들 특성들이 정신장애인의 자아존중감과 집단의식, 권리의식에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자 한다. 또한 정신장애인의 자아존중감과 집단의식, 권리의식이 어떠한 상관관계를 가지는지를 살펴본 것이다. 본 연구는 부산 경남지역의 정신보건시설을 이용하는 정신장애인을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구의 결과로는 첫째, 정신장애인의 자아존중감에 있어서는 교육의 정도, 가족의 월 소득정도, 가족관계에 대한 만족도, 친구와 보내는 시간, 친구에 대한 만족도와 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정신장애인의 집단의식에 있어서는 결혼상태, 친구와 보내는 시간과 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정신장애인의 권리의식에 있어서는 진단명, 친구와 보내는 시간, 친구에 대한 만족도에 따라 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 자아존중감, 집단의식, 권리의식과의 상관관계에 있어서는 자아존중감이 집단의식에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 집단의식이 권리의식에 상당한 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to predict the degree of taking the complementary & alternative therapy in the home care nursing service and provide basic data for the application of it. To accomplish this, degree of general recognition of the complementary & alternative therapy, experiences, degree of concern, applicability of the therapy, and educational need should be studied. This study is a descriptive research survey on the home care nurses working at 73 medical centers out of 125 nationwide who provide hospital based home nursing care. The data was collected from Sep. 20, to Oct. 20, 2004 by ChoiHeyran's questionaries (2002). The data was analyzed by the frequency and the percentage. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The degree of pre-cognition on the complementary & alternative therapy is very high. Information about the therapy was mostly obtained through medias. Home care nurses understand that he desirable treatment is to practice medical treatment and complementary & alternative therapy simultaneously. While 50% of them have already practiced complementary & alternative therapy among their patients. The most commonly used therapy is Acupressure. And Home care nurses have open and positive attitudes about the complementary & alternative therapy as to answer they aye ready to recommend it to their patients. 2. Over half of the Home care nurses met patients taking complementary & alternative therapy. 94.5% of them think scientific diagnosis on the effect of the therapy. advice from the doctor. and the special working staff is required to apply it on to the home care nursing. 3. 68.5% of the Home care nurses have taken education on the therapy through general comprehensive instructions and supplementary. Most of them want to have a opportunity education on the therapy because they want to provide comprehensive nursing and diversified nursing service. The preferred educations are Hand acupuncture, Acupressure & Massage and Aromatherapy, in that order. Based on the above results, the followings are recommended. 1. A study that stipulates the types, applications, and efficiency assessment of the complementary & alternative therapy practiced by Home care nurses in the home care nursing care procedure. And systematic and scientific nursing intervention be developed.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 실과(기술·가정) 교육과정에 제시된 생활자립역량을 기를 수 있는 교수학습-평가 연계 방안에 대한 가정교과 전문가와 교사들의 인식을 분석하고, 이 결과에 따라 교수학습-평가 설계안을 구상하고 이를 적용할 수 있는 사례를 제시하는 것에 있다. 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가정교과 전문가 10명의 2차에 걸친 델파이조사와 가정과교사 422명의 설문조사에서 생활자립 역량 함양을 위한 교수학습-평가 연계 방식으로 프로젝트 학습-프로젝트 평가, 프로젝트 학습-포트폴리오 평가, 문제해결학습-포트폴리오 평가, 문제해결학습-프로젝트 평가 순으로 적합하다는 결론을 도출하였다. 둘째, 생활자립역량 함양할 수 있음을 보여주는 '생애주기별 발달 과업과 생애 설계' 단원을 중심으로 프로젝트 학습-프로젝트 평가 방법을 연계하여 교수학습-평가 과정 예시안 개발 및 적용한 수업설계안을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 교과 역량을 함양하기 위한 교수학습-평가 활동의 일관성, 방법의 통일성, 평가의 환류성에 초점을 둔 교수학습-평가 연계 방안의 적용 가능성을 확인한 것에 의의가 있다. 향후 교과역량별 교수학습-평가 연계 방안에 대한 다양한 방안에 대한 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다.