• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiographic/clinical outcomes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients treated by a Korean neurosurgeon. Methods : Ten AIS patients were treated by a single neurosurgeon between January 2011 and September 2013 utilizing segmental instrumentation with pedicle screws. Basic demographic information, curve pattern by Lenke classification, number of levels treated, amount of correction achieved, radiographic/clinical outcomes [by Scolisis Resarch Society (SRS-22r) questionnaire] and complications were evaluated to determine the surgical results. Pulmonary function test was utilized to assess forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) before and after surgery. Results : The average percentage of correction of the major structural curve was 73.6% (ranged from 64% to 81.5%). Preoperative and final postoperative absolute FVC averaged 3.03 L and 3.76 L (0.73 L increase, p=0.046), and absolute FEV1 averaged 2.63 L and 3.49 L (0.86 L increase, p=0.021). Preoperative and final postoperative average self-image and function scores of SRS-22r were, $2.6{\pm}0.5$, $3.3{\pm}0.1$, $4.0{\pm}0.5$, and $4.6{\pm}0.0$, respectively. There was a significant improvement of the self-image and function scores of SRS-22r questionnaires before and after surgery (p<0.05). There was no case of neurological deficit, infection and revision for screw malposition. One patient underwent a fusion extension surgery for shoulder asymmetry. Conclusion : Radiographic/clinical outcomes of AIS patients treated by a Korean neurosurgeon were acceptable. Fundamental understanding of pediatric spinal deformity is essential for the practice of AIS surgery.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic. Development of effective and sustainable programs to promote healthy behaviors from a young age is important. This study developed and tested an intervention program designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity among young children in South Korea by adaptation of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X (MX) Program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The intervention program consisted of 4 weeks of fitness and 2 weeks of nutrition education. A sample of 104 subjects completed pre- and post- surveys on the Children's Nutrition Acknowledgement Test (NAT). Parents were asked for their children's characteristics and two 24-hour dietary records, the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) at baseline and a 6-week follow-up. Child weight status was assessed using Korean body mass index (BMI) percentiles. RESULTS: At baseline, 16.4% (boy: 15.4%; girl: 19.2%) of subjects were overweight or obese (based on $BMI{\geq}85%tile$). Fat consumption significantly decreased in normal BMI children ($48.6{\pm}16.8g$ at baseline to $41.9{\pm}18.1g$ after intervention, P < 0.05); total NQ score significantly increased from 66.4 to 67.9 (P < 0.05); total NAT score significantly improved in normal BMI children (74.3 at baseline to 81.9 after the program), children being underweight (from 71.0 to 77.0), and overweight children (77.1 at baseline vs. 88.2 after intervention, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 6-week South Korean NASA MX project is feasible and shows favorable changes in eating behaviors and nutritional knowledge among young children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

The most critical point in the assessment of adherence to dietary guidelines is the development of a practical definition for adherence, such as a dietary pattern score. The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean Diet Score (KDS) based on the Korean Food Balance Wheel and to examine the association of KDS with various lifestyle characteristics and biochemical factors. The dietary data of 5,320 subjects from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were used for the final analysis. The food guide was composed of six food group categories; 'grain dishes', 'fish and meat dishes', 'vegetable dishes', 'fruits', 'milk' and 'oils and sugars'. Based on the recommended serving numbers for each group, the scores measuring adherence to this food guide were calculated from the dietary information from the 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire, and then its correlation with various characteristics was assessed. KDS was significantly associated with several clinical, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors as well as diagnosed disease history. The higher quintile group of KDS showed a significantly lower level in fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, current smoking and drinking as well as higher leisure time activity, house income and education. Furthermore, the KDS quintile group of women was inversely associated with hypertension, osteoporosis and diabetes. A higher KDS quintile was characterized with a higher intake of several critical nutrients, such as Ca, Fe and vitamins as well as a desirable nutrition balance such as the ratio of macronutrients. Our results demonstrate that KDS is a beneficial tool in assessing the adherence to a healthy diet based on the Korean dietary guidelines. We suggest that KDS could be a useful indicator for evaluating the dietary balance of the Korean population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2013

This study was performed to compare the dietary food and nutrient intakes according to supplement use in pregnant and lactating women in Seoul. The subjects were composed of 201 pregnant and 104 lactating women, and their dietary food intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. General information on demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as health-related behaviors, including the use of dietary supplements, were collected. About 88% and 60% of the pregnant and lactating women took dietary supplements, respectively. The proportion of dietary supplements used was higher in pregnant women with a higher level of education. After adjusting for potential confounders, among the pregnant women, supplement users were found to consume 45% more vegetables, and those among the lactating women were found to consume 96% more beans and 58% more vegetables. The intakes of dietary fiber and ${\beta}$-carotene among supplement users were higher than those of non-users, by 23% and 39%, respectively. Among pregnant women, the proportion of women with an intake of vitamin C (from diet alone) below the estimated average requirements (EAR) was lower among supplement users [users (44%) vs. non-users (68%)], and the proportion of lactating women with intakes of iron (from diet alone) below the EAR was lower among supplement users [usesr (17%) vs. non-users (38%)]. These results suggest that among pregnant and lactating women, those who do not use dietary supplements tend to have a lower intake of healthy foods, such as beans and vegetables, as well as a lower intake of dietary fiber and ${\beta}$-carotene, which are abundant in these foods, and non-users are more likely than users to have inadequate intake of micro-nutrient such as vitamin C and iron.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of instant noodles has recently been reported to be positively associated with obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in South Korea, which has the highest per capita instant noodle consumption worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between instant noodle consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors among college students in Seoul. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 3,397 college students (1,782 male; 1,615 female) aged 18-29 years who participated in a health checkup. Information on instant noodle consumption was obtained from the participants' answers to a question about their average frequency of instant noodle intake over the 1 year period prior to the survey. RESULTS: Statistical analysis using a general linear model that adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, family income, health-related behaviors, and other dietary factors important for cardiometabolic risk, showed a positive association between the frequency of instant noodle consumption and plasma triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in all subjects. Compared to the group with the lowest frequency of instant noodle intake (${\leq}1/month$), the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the group with an intake of ${\geq}3/week$ was 2.639 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.393-5.000] for all subjects, while it was 2.149 (95% CI, 1.045-4.419) and 5.992 (95% CI, 1.859-21.824) for male and female students, respectively. In female students, diastolic blood pressure was also higher among more frequent consumers of instant noodles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that frequent consumption of instant noodles may be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy college students aged 18-29 years.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2005

Fresh Kills is the largest landfill in the world located in the west side of Staten Island, New York. The landfill served as a storage area for New York City's trash for more than 50 years. After years of civilian and political pressure, state and local legislation decided its closure of landfill operation in Fresh Kills in March 2001. Soon after, Department of City Planning announced a Fresh Kills international design com-petition: 'Landfill to Landscape'. The winning entry was promised to be outline for the redevelopment of the 2,200 acre site which the size of three times Central Park. Forty-eight teams representing more than 200 offices from around world submitted proposals, from which six finalists that mostly led by landscape architects were selected. In December 2001, a jury of architects, landscape architects and city officials unanimously selected Field Operations as the winner. The plan, named Lifescape, visualizes the gradual 20-year transformation of the whole Staten Island into a 'natural lifestyle island' recognizing that Staten Island is home to coastal wetlands that shelter one of the most diverse ecosystems in the New York metropolitan area. It suggested that an ecologically reconstituted Fresh Kills could become the center of integrated parks and greenways system on the island otherwise fragmented. The project will be one of the largest and most ambitious undertakings in the metropolis in years developing a complex web of habitats and parklands on top of mountain of trash. This study tries to achieve two goals: One is to provide general explanations on the project, Lifescape, breaking down to its background, geographical context, design concepts and phased development plan. Another is to introduce the unique and innovative design approaches by Field Operations that are different from a conventional landscape architectural attitude. Since this project was well published through many magazines and newspapers, main focus will be upon aspects that differentiate this project from usual landscape projects. Conceptually Lifescape brought provocative notions on nature/culture relationship and the role of urban park as an active agency rather than just a green rest area. Also this project introduced pioneering graphics like plan collage, diagrammatic plan, phasing diagram and photo montage as vehicles conveying information, imagination and provocation. Witnessing the influence of the project gradually in the field of academic and practice in the States, this study is intended to become a constructive reference to similar landscape projects dealing with large and complex urban context in conjunction with restructure of contemporary city.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권4호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2001

Web 문서를 기술하기 위해 차세대 표준으로 제안된 XML은 Web 기반의 여러 응용 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있으며, Web 상의 XML 문서들은 서로 하이퍼링크를 통해 연결되어 있다. 현재까지 대부분의 XML 관련 연구들은 XML 문서의 효율적인 저장, 관리 및 검색을 위한 XML 저장 시스템을 대상으로 하고 있으며, XML 링크를 지원하는 질의어의 개발이나 링크를 활용한 XML 검색 시스템의 개발에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는, XML 링크 질의 표현을 위한 XML 질의어의 확장과 링크 질의 처리 기법을 제시한다. 링크 질의는 하나의 XML 문서(질의 문서)와 질의 문서 내의 링크로 참조되는 XML 문서(참조 문서)들의 내용을 검색하는 것이다. 참조 문서의 검색을 위해서 현재는, 참조 문서에 대한 질의를 수작업으로 생성, 처리, 그리고 그 결과의 리턴을 반복적으로 수행하는 방법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문의 링크 질의 처리 목적은 한번의 질의 입력을 통해 추가적인 수작업 없이 참조 문서(들)에 대한 검색 결과까지 얻을 수 있는 기능을 제공하는 것이다. 기존 수작업 기반과 본 논문의 링크 질의 처리의 성능을 비교, 분석한 결과, 참조 문서로의 링크가 많을수록 수작업 기반에 비하여 질의 처리 시간이 줄어들고, 질의 문서가 저장된 사이트에 참조 문서가 많이 있을수록, 질의 처리 시간이 줄어들었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제18B권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

심장 질환을 예방하기 위해서는 정기적인 검진을 통해 심장 기능을 분석하고 관찰하는 것이 중요하다. 정기적인 검진에서 심장 기능은 심장을 촬영한 후에 관측자가 이를 수작업을 통하여 처리하여 혈류량과 심박구출률 등을 분석함으로서 이루어지나, 시간도 오래 걸리며 관측자에 따른 변이성이 문제가 된다. 본 논문에서는 심장 단축 자기공명영상에서 좌심실 영역을 분할하는 자동화된 알고리즘을 제안한다. 코일 위치에 따른 왜곡을 보정하고, K-평균 클러스터링 기법을 이용하여 좌심실 내부를 분할한다. 영상의 왜곡 및 잡음에 의하여 발생하는 분할 오류는 그래프 탐색 기법을 적용하여 수정하였다. 제안하는 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 38명의 지원자 그룹에 대하여 혈류량과 심박구출률을 계산하였고, 전문가에 의한 수동윤곽검출 결과와 GE MASS 소프트웨어와 비교하였다. 결과에 따르면 제안한 알고리즘의 수동윤곽검출과 혈류량의 차이는 평균적으로 이완기에 6.2mL${\pm}$5.6 및 수축기에 2.9mL${\pm}$3.0, 심박구출률의 차이는 2.1%${\pm}$1.5로 높은 정확성을 보였다. 특히 제안한 알고리즘은 기존 알고리즘에서 발생하던 사용자 간섭률을 최소화하여 자동화 성능을 향상하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 배열에서 구간 최소값 위치를 상수 시간에 찾기 위한 효율적인 자료구조를 제시한다. 최근의 생물 정보학 분야에서 빠른 DNA 서열의 검색을 위해 접미사 배열이 많이 사용되고 있는데 이 접미사 배열을 생성하는 문제는 구간 최소값 위치 문제를 포함하고 있다. 이 접미사 배열을 생성할 때는 구간 최소값 위치 문제를 빠르게 푸는 것뿐만 아니라 공간 효율적으로 해결하는 것도 중요하다. 그 이유는 DNA 서열이 수백만 개에서 수십 억 개의 염기를 가진 굉장히 큰 데이타이기 때문이다. 배열의 구간 최소간 위치를 상수 시간에 찾기 위해 지금까지 알려진 가장 효율적인 자료구조는 배열의 구간 최소값 문제를 Cartesian 트리에서의 LCA(Lowest Common Ancestor) 문제로 바꾸고 이 트리에서의 LCA 문제를 다시 특수한 배열에서의 구간 최소값 문제로 바꾸어 푸는 방법을 이용한 자료구조이다. 이 자료구조는 이론적으로 O(n) 공간을 사용하여 O(n) 시간에 생성된다. 하지만 이 자료구조는 배열의 구간 최소값 문제를 두 번에 걸쳐 다른 문제로 변환하는 과정을 포함하고 있기 때문에 실제로 사용되는 공간은 상당히 큰 13n이며 또한 많은 시간이 요구된다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 자료구조는 배열의 구간 최소값 문제를 다른 문제로 변환하지 않고 직접 구하는 자료구조이다. 따라서 이론적으로 O(n) 공간을 차지하며 O(n) 시간에 생성될 뿐만 아니라 실제적으로도 5n의 적은 공간을 사용하며 빠른 시간에 생성된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.159-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide information searching for health promotion, nutrition improvement, and health care of the impaired elderly by ADL(Activity of Daily Living) and IADL(Instrumental Activity of Daily Living). The subjects were divided into the Assistant Needed Group and No Assistant Needed Group for living in line with the responses of ADL(10 items like dressing, washing, move etc.) and IADL(10 items like housekeeping, using transportation, shopping, Phone call etc.). Survey was made for health behavior, health risk habit, dietary management status and diet intake by 24 hr-recall and questionnaire method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or Gun districts in Gyeonggi Province, S. Korea. Survey was carried out by regional home extension workers using interview method. Statistical analyses were made using SAS (Version 8.1). Chi-Square Tests and General Linear Models. The subjects of impaired ADL elderly was 26.5% and it composed 30% of the total male and 22.2% of the total female. The demographic status of the impaired ADL elderly showed no difference from that of the normal elders, elementary school educated (73.4%), with spouse (43.8%) or with adult children(37.5%), using monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(35.9%). Mean age was 74.05 years compared to 72.25 years of normal elders. However, there was no significant difference from the normal and impaired ADL group, regular exercise(60.0%), with walking (90.0%), no-smoke(54.7%) and no-drink(48.4%). Kind of disease was not different from the one in impaired and normal group, with cardiovascular disease(32.3%), with diabetes mellitus(8.1%), joint lumbago neuralgia(32.3%) and osteoporosis(9.7%). Gastrointestinal complaints of the impaired ADL group were nausea(57.8%), chronic indigestion (23.4%), constipation (14,0%) and vomiting(3.7%). Sleeping time required for the impaired was longer than that for the normal group by 10hours(4.7%) or 8-10hours(20.3%), which consisted 1.7% and 16.6% respectively. Nutrient intake of the impaired ADL group was low compared to normal range elders: Energy(1260kca1), Protein(52.75g). There was gender difference in nutrient intake; the male impaired group showed no significant difference from the normal group but it was significantly lower in female impaired group. These results suggest that low quality of life and low economic status of the impaired ADL elderly require congregate meal in village hall to cover the lack of side dishe variety. And nutrition education program including community assistance would be required for the impaired ADL elderly together with the sufficient food and exercise practice. By operating nutrition education program, the impaired ADL elderly would maintain more enhanced quality of life and ameliorate the ADL capability.