• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.3003-3029
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• 2023

The rapid evolution of the IoT has paved the way for new opportunities in smart city domains, including e-health, smart homes, and precision agriculture. However, this proliferation of services demands effective SLAs between customers and service providers, especially for critical services. Difficulties arise in maintaining the integrity of such agreements, especially in vulnerable wireless environments. This study proposes a novel SLA management model that uses an SDN-Enabled WSN consisting of wireless nodes to interact with smart contracts in a straightforward manner. The proposed model ensures the persistence of network metrics and SLA provisions through smart contracts, eliminating the need for intermediaries to audit payment and compensation procedures. The reliability and verifiability of the data prevents doubts from the contracting parties. To meet the high-performance requirements of the blockchain in the proposed model, low-cost algorithms have been developed for implementing blockchain technology in wireless sensor networks with low-energy and low-capacity nodes. Furthermore, a cryptographic signature control code is generated by wireless nodes using the in-memory private key and the dynamic random key from the smart contract at runtime to prevent tampering with data transmitted over the network. This control code enables the verification of end-to-end data signatures. The efficient generation of dynamic keys at runtime is ensured by the flexible and high-performance infrastructure of the SDN architecture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.463-466
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• 2007

웹기반 기업형 어플리케이션은 객체지향 언어로 개발되고, 데이터의 관리는 RDB(Relational Database)를 이용하여 구축된다. 두 시스템은 이질적 패러다임에 기인하여 모델의 불일치성(object-relational impedance mismatch)을 발생시킨다. 이 문제를 해결하고자 사용되는 객체-관계 매핑 프레임워크(ORM-Framework)는 RDB 의 테이블과 객체지향 언어의 객체를 매핑하는 구조로 복잡한 메타정보를 이용하여 동적으로 매핑하기 때문에 개발이 복잡하고, 변경에 유연하지 못하여 유지보수에 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 ORM 프레임웍크의 복잡성을 해소하고, 변경에 유연한 퍼시스턴스 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안되는 프레임워크는 SQL 을 래핑하는 구조로 테이블과 객체의 메타정보가 불필요하고, 정형화된 구조를 가진 래퍼의 사용으로 소스코드를 자동 생성하여 개발 및 유지보수의 편의성을 제공하고, 변경에 유연하다. 제안 프레임워크는 Hibernate, iBATIS 와의 테스트 결과 구동 매커니즘이 거의 동일한 iBATIS 와는 처리속도가 비슷했고, Hibernate 의 약 3 배 빠른 속도를 보였다. 코딩량은 Hibernate 대비 1/9, iBATIS 대비 1/4 을 나타냈다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.440-441
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• 2004

A volumetric three-dimensional (3D) display system was presented, which utilizes a rotating two-dimensional (2D) display panel of light emitting diodes (LEDs) to generate more than 10 million volume pixels (voxels) within a cylindrical volume of 165 mm in height and 292 mm in diameter. Due to persistence of vision, momentarily addressed voxel information is perceived and fused into a 3D image. Important cues for depth perception, such as binocular parallax, accommodation, convergence and motion parallax are satisfied automatically and naturally, thus it is suitable for individual or group viewing, without the need for any special visual aids.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 1996

CORBA는 분산 시스템의 객체를 관리하기 위한 모형으로 여러 응용에서 장점을 보인다. 그러나 CORBA 객체의 정의에는 지속성을 가정하고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 CORBA의 BOA(Basic Object Adapter)에 객체 데이타베이스 어댑터(Object Database Adapter, ODA)를 구현하여 객체를 관계 데이타베이스에 저장함으로써 객체의 지속성을 유지하도록 하였다. 객체의 관리는 객체지향 데이타베이스 시스템이 자연스러우나 본 논문에서는 이미 구축된 관계 데이타베이스 시스템과 응용을 공유할 수 있도록 관계 데이타베이스용을 구현하였다. ORB는 Orbix를 사용하였고, 튜플의 객체로의 대응은 Tie 법과 객체포장기 개념을 사용하였다. CORBA 응용의 관점에서 데이타베이스 시스템을 이용한 객체의 지속성 유지는 지속성 유지와 더불어 많은 수의 객체를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있고, 병행성, 회복기법 등을 이용할 수 있는 여러 장점이 있다. 또 데이타베이스 시스템 측면에서 CORBA와 데이타베이스 어댑터의 이용은 사용자에게 데이타베이스 스키마에 관한 사항을 숨김으로써 데이타베이스 접근을 쉽게 하고, 분산된 데이타베이스 환경에서는 데이타베이스 모델과 언어의 이질성을 해소할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.826-836
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• 2016

Increase of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-based video popularity causes that broadband and Internet service providers' links transmit mainly multimedia content. Network planning, traffic engineering or congestion control requires understanding of the statistical properties of network traffic; therefore, it is desirable to investigate the characteristic of traffic traces generated, among others, by systems which employ adaptive bit-rate streaming. In our work, we investigate traffic originating from 120 client-server pairs, situated in an emulated laboratory environment, and multiplexed onto a single network link. We show that the structure of the traffic is distinct from the structure generated by first and second generation of HTTP video systems, and furthermore, not similar to the structure of general Internet traffic. The obtained traffic exhibits negative correlations, anti-persistence, and its distribution function is skewed to the right. Furthermore, we show that the traffic generated by clients employing the same or similar play-out strategies is positively correlated and synchronised (clustered), whereas traffic originated from different play-out strategies shows negative or no correlations.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2018

The long-term perception investigation of environment is needed for the persistence of each country's policy on climate change, which is greatly influenced by external factors. Long term data on perception and attitudes of people's thought can be a big data point for climate change and consistent policies can be implemented with the need for public demand. Information on the perception of the general public regarding the environment should be carried out as a basis for the national environmental policy.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.918-922
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• 2016

As the number of wind farms operating has increased, the interest of the central unit commitment and dispatch for wind power has increased as well. Wind power forecast is necessary for effective power system management and operation with high wind power penetrations. This paper presents the centralized wind power forecasting method, which is a forecast to combine all wind farms in the area into one, using time series models. Also, this paper proposes a prediction model modified with wind forecast error compensation. To demonstrate the improvement of wind power forecasting accuracy, the proposed method is compared with persistence model and new reference model which are commonly used as reference in wind power forecasting using Jeju Island data. The results of case studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed wind power forecasting method.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

The terrestrial nightglow emission in near infrared region were obtained using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer(FTS) at Esrange, Sweden ($67.90^{\circ}$N, $21.10^{\circ}$E) and the OH(4- 2) bands were used to derive temperature and airglow emission rate of the upper mesosphere. For this study, we analyzed data taken during winter of 2001/2002 and performed spectral analysis to retrieve wave information. From the Lomb-Scargle spectral analysis to the measured temperatures, dominant oscillations at various periods near tidal frequency are found. Most commonly observed waves are 4, 6, and 8 hour oscillations. Because of periods and persistence, the observed oscillations are most likely of tidal origin, i.e. zonally symmetric tides which are known to have their maximum amplitudes at the pole.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

It is widely recognised that changes in size and isolation of habitat patches have a negative impact on species richness and the distribution and persistence of populations. Thus, the aim of the research was to analyze the change, distribution and spatial characteristics of woodlands in an urban fringe landscape. The results indicated that there was a common trend of woodland loss across all landscape types while no new woodlands were established during 1976 and 2009. Small patches (less than 5 ha in size) were particularly vulnerable to and more likely to disappear due to human activities such as urbanisation. Changes in woodland cover were clearly observed between 1976 and 2009. Loss of many woodlands was caused by residential and infrastructural developments. As a result, woodlands were becoming smaller and more isolated. This trend probably had adverse effects on biodiversity. This woodland information can be used to identify the potential and specific needs for conservation planning in rapidly developing urban areas.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

We combine the integer-valued GARCH(1, 1) model with a generalized regime-switching model to propose a dynamic count time series model. Our model adopts Markov-chains with time-varying dependent transition probabilities to model dynamic count time series called the generalized regime-switching integer-valued GARCH(1, 1) (GRS-INGARCH(1, 1)) models. We derive a recursive formula of the conditional probability of the regime in the Markov-chain given the past information, in terms of transition probabilities of the Markov-chain and the Poisson parameters of the INGARCH(1, 1) process. In addition, we also study the forecasting of the Poisson parameter as well as the cumulative impulse response function of the model, which is a measure for the persistence of volatility. A Monte-Carlo simulation is conducted to see the performances of volatility forecasting and behaviors of cumulative impulse response coefficients as well as conditional maximum likelihood estimation; consequently, a real data application is given.