• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.241-248
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.224-224
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• 2015

The East Asia monsoon is one of the most complex atmospheric phenomena caused by Land-Sea thermal contrast. It plays essential role in fulfilling the water needs of the region but also poses stern consequences in terms of flooding and droughts. This study analyzed the influence of Global Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA) on occurrence of droughts in the East Asia monsoon region ($20^{\circ}N-50^{\circ}N$, $103^{\circ}E-149^{\circ}E$). Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was employed to characterize the droughts over the region using 30-year (1978-2007) gridded rainfall dataset at $0.5^{\circ}$ grid resolution. Due to high variability in intensity and spatial extent of monsoon rainfall the East Asia monsoon region was divided into the homogeneous rainfall zones using cluster analysis method. Seven zones were delineated that showed unique rainfall regimes over the region. The influence of SSTA was assessed by using lagged-correlation between global gridded SSTA ($0.2^{\circ}$ grid resolution) and SPI of each zone. Sea regions with potential influence on droughts in different zones were identified based on significant positive and negative correlation between SSTA and SPI with a lag period of 3-month. The results showed that SSTA have the potential to be used as predictor variables for prediction of droughts with a reasonable lead time. The findings of this study will assist to improve the drought prediction over the region.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.87-102
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• 2005

In the congested urban areas, tunnelling close to existing structures or services often occurs due to the lack of surface space so that tunnelling-induced ground movements may cause a serious damage to the adjacent structures. This study focused on the two dimensional laboratory model pile-soil-tunnelling interaction tests using a close range photogrammetric technique. Testing equipments and procedures were Introduced, particularly features of aluminium rods regarded as the frictional granular material. The experimental result showed that the photo imaging process by the VMS and EngVis programs proved to be a useful tool in measuring the pile tip movements during the tunnelling. Consequently, the normalised pile tip movement data for the influence zones can be generated by the laboratory model tests using the Photogrammetric technique. This study presents influence zones associated with the normalized pile tip settlements due to tunnelling in the cohesionless material. The influence zones were Identified by both a laboratory model test and a numerical analysis. The normalized pile tip movements from the model test were in good agreement with the numerical analysis result. The influence zones proposed in this study could be used to decide the reasonable location of tunnel construction in the planning stage. However, the scale of model pile and model tunnel sizes must be carefully adjusted as real ones for practical application considering the ground conditions at a given site.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.436-446
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• 2015

It is suggested investigating method about the existing state of demand in this study. The total demand of 357 water amenity zones in 2014 is estimated based on the growth curve models. The effects of population density and distances between water amenity zones and metropolises populated over 1 million are investigated on each river system. The suitability like RMSE and MAPE of logistic and gompertz models are considered to select more suitable model for each water amenity zone. Demand for water amenity zones in 2014 is seemed to be rather high at Han Gang river system and Chungcheongbukdo after analyzing. The influence of population density is rarely effective except Geum Gang river system. The influence of metropolis on the demand for water amenity zones is higher at Geum Gang river system than others.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to classify zones disrupting green spaces in city and to evaluate of their grades. The results are as follows; L There were 158 green spaces in Dalsu-gu. The 158 green spaces were classified 4 patterns and minutely classified into 9 types. The area of the 'nature park' type was turned out to be $70.1\%$ of the total area of green spaces in Dalsu-gu, then the type was considered as a important part of the green-network in Dalsu-gu. The 9 types such as 'nature park', 'river', 'neighborhood park' and so on were analysed with ecological indexes. 2. Based on the ecological indexes of 'ratio of the green space', 'features of the surrounding matrix' and 'travel distance of the wildlives' , zones disrupting green spaces were ranging widely and re-divided to 236 sectors. 3. The analysis results for classifying the grades were that grade I appeared over industrial complex and housing complex widely. On the other side, grade II and III appeared around or between nature park and neighboring park Consequently, it was necessary to consider the grade and make zones disrupting green spaces into green space for improving green network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 2005

New construction for public transport in congested urban areas will involve tunnel construction adjacent to existing building or bridge foundations and services due to the lack of surface space. Therefore, careful assessment of the important underground structure-soil-tunnelling interaction is relatively new, currently only limited information is available. In this study, the authors carried out FE analysis and the laboratory model test using the photogrammetric technique and suggested the influence zones associated with the normalised pile tip settlement during new tunnel construction.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2016

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the influence of two different methods of improving the ductility of Reinforced Concrete Frames and their influence on the full range behavior of the frames with M40 grade of concrete. For this purpose one fourth scale reinforced concrete square frames are experimentally tested subjected to static cyclic loading for three cases and monotonic loading for one case. The parameters are varied as method introducing ductility to the frame viz. (i) by using conventional concrete (ii) adding 1% of steel fibres by volume of concrete at hinging zones (iii) using self-compacting concrete with fibres at hinging zones. The energy absorption by ductile and non-ductile frames has been compared. The behavior of frames tested under cyclic loading have revealed that there is a positive trend in improvement of ductility of frames when fibrous concrete is used along with self-compacting concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.334-335
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• 2004

It is important that the contaminated air is not revealed to the outside of the facility. The inside of the facility should be classified into several zones according to the radioactivity and each zone should maintain tile differential negative pressure between the zones also. It is not easy to equilibrate the pressure during the operation. On the normal operation, the clogging of the HEPA filter and the opening of the doors/shutters influence very much. We could maintain the differential negative pressure between the zones by the constant watching and periodical replacement of the filters.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2012

Buildings, energy and the environment are key issues that the building professions and energy policy makers have to address, especially in the context of sustainable development. With more tall buildings constructed in China, the impact on energy consumption and carbon emission would be great from buildings (2% increase of carbon dioxide annually between 1971 and 2004). The imperative was to investigate the building energy performance of high-rise in different climate zones and identify the key design parameters that impose significantly influence on energy performance in sustainable building design. Design implications on glazing performance, sizing of the ventilation fans, renewable energy application on high-rise building design are addressed. Combination of effective sustainable building design strategies (e.g., building envelope improvement, daylight harvesting, advanced lighting design, displacement ventilation, chilled ceiling etc.) could contribute more than 25% of the total building energy consumption compared to the international building energy code.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2011

Environmental conditions can influence the morphology of local biota through phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. Macroalgal morphologies are often associated with wave-exposure conditions. We investigated the relationship between morphology and wave exposure in two common endemic subtidal macroalgae, Carpophyllum angustifolium and C. maschalocarpum, from the East Cape of New Zealand. Morphological comparisons were made between individuals from two sites and four different wave-exposure zones, as defined by fetch and barnacle composition. Of the seven morphological traits measured in C. angustifolium, only total length varied, and individuals were longer in more wave-exposed environments between the two exposure zones where the species were found. In contrast, total length, stipe thickness and vesicle presence all varied significantly between exposure zones in C. maschalocarpum. C. maschalocarpum specimens were shorter with thinner stipes, and fewer individuals had vesicles in the more wave-exposed zones. Morphological traits of both species also varied between sites, suggesting that other influences are important for determining species morphology. Further study is needed to investigate the role of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability for driving morphological variation in C. angustifolium and C. maschalocarpum.