• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.549-561
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• 2003

Behavior of the Nakdong River plume was studied by the analysis of the observed CTD data and numerical simulations using three-dimensional Princeton Ocean model (POM) in which the river discharge, tides and winds were considered. During the flood season of summer the 30 psu isohaline expands northward to Daebyeon and southwestward to Samcheonpo. The model results show that the isohalines are approximately parallel to the bottom slope, which suggests the possibility of upwelling induced by the topographic effects. Northwesterly wind expands the river plume to the offshore direction so that the inflow of fresh plume water into Jinhae Bay through the Gaduk Channel is constrained, then the coastal upwelling seems to be caused by the wind-driven current at the southern edge of Gaduk Island. Southwesterly wind expands the river plume toward Daebyeon, and the inflow of fresh water into Jinhae Bay is also constrained.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2015

To study the influence of changes in river discharge on water quality of the main stem of the Geum River, we investigated variation of inflow load from tributaries with river discharge. We also studied the mixing behavior of pollutants during mixing of waters of the main stem and Gap Stream. For this study, we collected water quality data such as suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) representing pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon events of 2013 from a website of Water Information System. Based on inflow load, the Gap and Miho streams may be ones of tributaries which may largely influence water quality of main stem in upper river region. The Suksung and Nonsan Streams seemed to further affect water quality downstream. Results of modified EMMA indicated SS and TP may have another source(besides Gap Stream) at pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period. In contrast, TN and organic matter (BOD, COD, TOC) were conservative at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. However, when river discharge increased, these pollutants may also came from unspecified non-point sources. Therefore, we need to attempt to find non-point sources for the pollutants in the main channel of upper Geum River region.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2008

Urban sewer systems are designed to operate in open-channel flow regime and energy loss at square manholes is usually not significant. However, the energy loss at surcharged manholes is considered as one of the major causes of inundation in urban area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the head loss associated with manholes, especially in surcharged flow. Hydraulic experimental apparatus which can change the manhole inner profile(CASE I, II, III, and IV) and the invert types(CASE A, B, C) were installed for this study. The experimental discharge was $16{\ell}/sec$. As the ratio of b/D(manhole width/inflow pipe diameter) increases, head loss coefficient increases due to strong horizontal swirl motion. The head loss coefficients for CASE I, II, III, and IV were 0.46, 0.38, 0.28 and 0.37, respectively. Side covers increase considerably drainage capacity at surcharged square manhole when the ratio of d/D(side cover diameter/inflow pipe diameter) was 1.0. The head loss coefficients for CASE A, B, and C were 0.45, 0.37, and 0.30, respectively. Accordingly, U-invert is the most effective for energy loss reduction at surcharged square manhole. This head loss coefficients could be available to evaluate the urban sewer system with surcharged flow.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2006

Flooding situation of Sutak basin was simulated and simulation seemed to be consistent with the real flooding situation in terms of high water levels and timings of flooding. The flood simulation model was used to evaluate alternatives to mitigate flooding problems in Sutak basin. From the evaluation of flood mitigation plans, it was found that combined operation of Sutak and Inchang pumping stations through partial diversion of inflow of Sutak pumping station to Inchang pumping station was the most effective one among the suggested mitigation plans. About 500 meter diversion channel will be needed to send 30% of Sutak pumping station inflow to Inchang pumping station. This will reduce overload of Sutak pumping station and the storage capacity of Inchang pumping station will be more efficiently utilized.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2011

Galactic bars are supposed to be a channel of gas inflow to the galactic center and thus possibly help nuclear star-formation and AGN activities. However, previous studies based on small local samples did not agree with this expectation. We find it necessary to examine the expectation using a large sample and so investigate the effects of bar structures on galactic nuclear activities, based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7. We used 6,348 late-type galaxies brighter than Mr = -19.0 in the redshift range $0.01{\leq}z{\leq}0.05$. Late-type galaxies are visually classified into barred or unbarred galaxies using SDSS color composite images. We compare the fractions of galaxies showing star-formation and AGN activities among barred and unbarred galaxies as a function of optical color, stellar mass, and black-hole mass. We have found that bar enhances nuclear star-formation activity on galaxies having low stellar mass, and low black-hole mass. This effect is stronger in redder galaxies. In the case of AGN, bar effects are higher in intermediate-mass galaxies. Bars also have an effect on the strength(!) of the star-formation and AGN activity in our sample as well. Thus, it seems that nuclear activities are powered by gas inflow from galactic bar structures perhaps not always but under certain conditions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2005

In order to study the temporal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the Bottol Bada, three field observations were carried out on 20, 23 and 26 July, 2004. The low N:P values exhibit nitrogen deficiency during the periods of observation. This result is not representative of typical summer environment in the southern coast of Korea. The possible mechanisms are as follows: 1) The freshwater inflow was not sufficient for the supply of nitrogen because the total precipitation was 11.9 mm in July, 2004. This amount is no more than $5\%$ in normal precipitation in July. 2) There was an inflow of oceanic water under the subsurface into the Bottol Bada. Even though the oceanic water comprises more nutrients, it produces the stratification between the surface and the subsurface water and seems to prevent the supply of nutrinets to the surface layer. 3) The high chlorophyll-a concentration of $1.2 {\cal}ug/L$ was shown near the narrow channel between Gae-do and Geumo-do. This seems to be resulted from the inflow of water from Gamak Bay.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2008

We analyzed characteristics of rainfall-runoff for the channel of Yongwon area made by a new port construction. And we conducted inundation analysis on the region of lower elevation near the coast. SWMM5 was calibrated with the storm produced by the typhoon Megi from August 19 to August 20 in 2004, and was verified with the storm from August 22 to August 22 in 2004. We performed hydraulic channel routing of Yongwon channel about typhoon Megi from August 19 to August 20 in 2004 by UNET model which is a hydraulic channel routing. The simulated runoff hydrographs were added to the new stream as lateral inflow hydrographs and a watershed runoff hydrograph was the upstream boundary condition. The downstream boundary condition data were estimated by the measured stage hydrographs. The maximum stage that was calculated by hydraulic channel routing was higher than the levee of inundated region in typhoon Megi. Thus we can suppose an inundation to have been occurred. We performed inundation analysis about typhoon Megi from August 19 to August 20 in 2004 and flood discharge of return period 10~150 years. And we estimated each inundation area. The inundation areas by return periods of storms were estimated by 3.4~5.7 ha. The causes of inundation are low heights of levee crests (D.L. 2.033~2.583 m), storm surges induced by typhoons and reverse flow through the coastal sewers (D.L. -0.217~0.783 m). A result of this study can apply to establish countermeasure of a flood disaster in Yongwon.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2021

인공습지는 농업용 저수지의 수질개선을 위하여 많은 곳에 적용되고 있다. 인공습지는 수심분포, 유입량 및 유출량, 물흐름 분포, 체류시간, 수질 처리효율, 종횡비, 개방수역/폐쇄수역 구성비 등이 중요한 설계인자이다. 특히, 인공습지 높은 효율 증대를 위해서는 취입보 형식, 유입보, 인입수로 길이, 셀(Cell) 형태, 셀 연결 형태 등의 설계는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 농업용 저수지에 조성되어 운영중인 23개 인공습지의 현장조사를 통하여 설계시 고려하여야 할 인자 및 효율적 운영방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 인공습지 중에서 비정상적 운영이 나타나는 습지는 수위센서 미작동, 취입보 내부의 유사퇴적 및 기계식 수문틀의 협잡물 문제가 중요한 원인으로 나타났다. 또한, 인입수로의 길이가 길어질수록 취입보 하류부와 상류부의 생태적 단절구간이 늘어나는 것도 문제점으로 분석되었다. 습지 대부분은 2~5개의 셀로 조성되었으며 셀의 크기가 지나치게 클 경우 수리학적 효율이 떨어지고 관리가 어려운 것으로 평가되었다. 작은 규모의 습지에 많은 셀이 존재하는 경우 큰 수두손실로 인하여 적절한 유수흐름이 나타나지 않는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1997

Most of urban streams in Korea have been changed channel forms and suffered from direct inflow of domestic sewage, etc. Therefore, maintenance of structure and function of those ecosystem are hard. The present study was carried out to examine the life survival maintenance ability of the stream by community analysis of aquatic animals in typical urban stream (Jungrang stream) in Seoul. The aquatic animals were composed of 31 species, 18 families, 8 orders, 5 classes in 4 phyla. Seasonal species number showed big fluctuation between 8 species in Winter and 24 species in Autumn. Major dominant species in Jungrang stream were Tubificidae sp.1, Chironomidae sp.1, Chironomidae sp.2 and Physa acuta, and above endurance species for water pollution occupied very high dominance indices. But, Cercion hieroglyphicum, Ischnura asiatica, Rantra chinensis, Herochares striatus, Agabus japonicus in benthic macroinvertebrates of a few individuals are appeared. Also, fry of Carassius auratus and Silurus asotus in fish are occurred. Therefore, we can be inferred on posibility of growth and spawning of above species in the stream. Jungrang stream has a small quantity of natural riffle areas, ponds and watergrass areas by channel form of water course. Aquatic animals in Jungrang stream has been suffered by reduction of self-purification reaction ability and have mass production of attached algae on the stream bed. For analysis of fluctuation of life survival maintenance ability in Jungrang stream, long-term survey is needed.

• 물과 미래
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1996

Apparent Shea Force(ASF:외부전단력) 을 적용 균일대칭복단면의 하도추적을 위한 새로운 컴퓨터 모델 ASFMCS가 개발되었다. 기본공식은 Muskingum-Cunge방법이 이용되었으며 ASFFMCS의 특징은 복합단면에서 하도추적이 수행되는 과정에서 중앙저수부와 홍수터 사이에 발생하는 ASF가 고려되었다. 비선형 매개변수를 적용하고 유량변화에 따라 시간과 공간의 차분의 크기가 변하도록 (Variable Time Step and Spatial step법) 모델링이 되었다. ASFMCS의 결과는 DAMBRK와 기존의 단면분리법을 사용한 GPMC 모델에 의해 발생한 수문곡선과 비교되었다. ASFMCS와 DAMBRK의 결과는 같은 경계조건 및 입력조건에 대해 거의 같은 수문곡선을 발생시켰으나 GPMC의 결과와는 상당한 차이를 보였다.