• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2002

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) is a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract involving at least the endrometrium and may include the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic cavity. Women with PID acutely experience pain and are at risk for sepsis; however, the long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, organic changes like chronic salpingitis, adhesions, etc., and the significant increases in ectopic pregnancy and infertility are more important and hard to control. This study is about one patient who has chronic PID with inflammatory pelvic mass. The patient was treated with retention enema therapy which use herbs effective for reducing inflammation, resolution abdominal mass, promoting blood circulation. Also, treated with herbal medication of Danchisoyosan(丹梔逍遙散) and Moxibution at Zhongwan(中脘), Guanyuan(關元). After total treatment for three months, the patient's symptoms are improved and the size of inflammatory pelvic mass is reduced. This results indicates that the combination treatment, especially the retention enema therapy is effective on reducing symptoms of PID and the size of secondary inflammatory organic changes.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.90-90
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• 2018

Kochiae Fructus is a medicinal plant used as medicine of the urinary organs, skin disease and inflammation. In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of Kochiae Fructus extract and its possible mechanisms of action were examined. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine production and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in murine macrophage-like cell line Raw 264.7 cells. The measurement of the induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were carried out by ELISA. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and MAPK and the nuclear expression of nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 were investigated by Wesern blot analysis. The extract suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in activated cells. As a result, we suggest that the extract of Kochiae Fructus decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6), nitric oxide, MMP-9 in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. Kochiae Fructus has possibility to be used as therapeutic benefits against inflammatory diseases.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2018

In this study we investigated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus Domestica (apple), Pyrus Communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), that were obtained from local market. As these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties especially the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The samples were processed by an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assay, processed samples showed better antioxidant activity compared to raw samples, and processed pear sample had the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6) were assessed by RT-PCR. Processed samples exhibited better inhibition of iNOS, compared to the raw forms. Processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells up to 1mg/ mL as shown in the cell viability assay. Taken together, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

To investigate the capacity of anti-inflammatory cytokines and biological response modifiers (BRMs) to induce IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene overexpression from mouse macrophages, we isolated the resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mouse (8 week old) and incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and Moschus moschiferus (MOMS) extracts. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines gene expression was carried out by RT-PCR amplification. Amplified PCR products were electrophoresed on 1.2% agarose gel, and the analysis (Ht) was used to 1D-density program. 1. LPS and MOMS extract treatments resulted in a significant decrease in IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression level compared with the LPS treatment. 2. Among four sample of MOMS, Inhibitory effects of MOMS-A and MOMS-D for inflammatory cytokines gene expression were to be fine compared with the MOMS-Band MOMS-C. According to the above data, Because the anti- tumoral and anti-inflammatory response activities of macrophage are known to be dependent on the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) by macrophages, we suggest that evaluations of BRM for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages are important for clinical application.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.406-410
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• 1998

Biflavonoid is one of unique classes of naturally-occurring bioflavonoids. Certain biflavonoids including amentoflavone were previously reported to have inhibitory effect on the group 11 phospholipase $A_2$ activity. Amentoflavone was also found to inhibit cyclooxygenase from guinea-pig epidermis without affecting lipoxygenase. In this study, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of amentoflavone were evaluated. When amentoflavone was administered intraperitoneally, it showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity as determined by amelioration of croton-oil induced mouse ear edema. It also showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity in the rat carrageenan paw edema model ($ED_{50}$=42 mg/kg) compared to the activity of prednisolone (35 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg). However, amentoflavone did not show a significant inhibitory activity against rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, a chronic inflammatory model. In addition, amentoflavone was found to possess a potent analgesic activity in the acetic acid writhing test ($ED_{50}$=9.6 mg/kg) compared to the activity of indomethacin (3.8 mg/kg). These results suggest that amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having dual inhibitory activity of group 11 phospholipase $A_2$ and cyclooxygenase.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated whether Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI) pharmacopuncture has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : in vitro experiments, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, prevention on $H_2O_2$-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cell line, DNA fragmentation, and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were analyzed to investigate antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of AFI pharmacopuncture. in vivo experiment, a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was used to examine the effect of AFI pharmacopuncture on CV12 at different doses of 5 ${\mu}l$, 0.5 ${\mu}l$, 0.05 ${\mu}l$ for 10 days. Body weight, colon length and macroscopic features were investigated. Results : AFI pharmacopuncture showed DPPH free radical scavenging and SOD active effects in a dose-dependent manner. AFI pharmacopuncture showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced cell injury and also attenuated LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression. In a DSS- induced colitis murine model, however, AFI pharmacopuncture at CV12 had no anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : The present results suggest that AFI pharmacopuncture extract may have anti- inflammatory and antioxidative effects in vivo test, but further research on the underlying mechanism is required.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts from Ligustrum obtusifolium S. fruits(LOF) in RAW 264.7 Macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods We examined productions of nitric oxide(NO), reactive oxygen species(ROS), inducible isoforms of NO synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of LOF extracts. In addition, we measured generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6). Results Cell viability showed that LOF extracts had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells. The treatment with LOF extracts significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6) in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Furthermore LOF extracts inhibited intracellular ROS generation dose dependently and reduced the expression of iNOS, COX-2 proteins. Conclusions These results showed that the LOF extracts had an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. These findings provide scientific support for the use of this Ligustrum obtusifolium S. for inflammatory-related diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2003

Our study shows that EC extract has inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, iNOS and COX2 in hFLSs. IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX2 mRNA expression is suppressed at a low dasage (1㎍/ml) of EC extract. TNF-α was also suppressed at higher dosages (10 ㎍/ml, 100㎍/ml). EC extract also inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated-hFLSs. Expecially IL-1β(p<0.05) production are suppressed significantly. On the other hand, EC extract did not show any cytotoxicity. Thses data suggest that EC extract has anti-inflammatory effect mostly by inhibiting IL-1β production, and thus could be used to prevent or treat some inflammatory disease such as RA. It remains to be known what are the major components responsible for anti-inflammatory effect and what is the main mechanism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 2006

Activated mast cells play pivotal roles in allergic and non-allergic inflammatory responses through the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamin, cysteinyl leukotriens, pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokine. We tested whether YHJST, which is clinically prescribed for the treatment of various inflammatory disease including allergic disease, modulate inflammatory reactions in activated mast cells. YHJST decreased the release of histamine and b-hexosamidase in pholbol-12-myristate 13-acetate and/or calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated HMC-1 and RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. Further, the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly reduced by YHJST. YHJST suppressed powerful induction of NF-kB promoter-mediated luciferase activity. Taken together, these data suggested that YHJST showed it's anti-inflammatory effects through the down-regulation of mast cell activation.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to overview the studies of acupuncture treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Methods: In order to investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease, we searched relevant studies in Pubmed, Cochrane, Oasis, Korean studies Information Service System up to March 2019. After searching studies, we analyzed selected studies. Results: Five studies were included in this review. There were 1 randomized controlled studies and 4 before and after studies. The outcome measurement of pelvic inflammatory disease was divided into effective rate, physical examination, response, hematological parameter, pain. The acupuncture treatment was effective in improving pelvic inflammatory disease. Conclusions: This study shows that acupuncture treatment is one of effective treatment methods for pelvic inflammatory disease. Further large randomized placebo controlled trials will be needed.