Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2018.7.3.146

Antioxidant Activity and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Raw and Processed Fruits and Vegetables  

Kim, Hyun-Kyoung (Department of Food Science and Engineering, Seowon University)
Publication Information
International journal of advanced smart convergence / v.7, no.3, 2018 , pp. 146-154 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study we investigated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus Domestica (apple), Pyrus Communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish), that were obtained from local market. As these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties especially the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The samples were processed by an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assay, processed samples showed better antioxidant activity compared to raw samples, and processed pear sample had the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6) were assessed by RT-PCR. Processed samples exhibited better inhibition of iNOS, compared to the raw forms. Processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells up to 1mg/ mL as shown in the cell viability assay. Taken together, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.
Keywords
Antioxidant; Anti-inflammation; RAW 264.7 cells; Fruits; Vegetables;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. H. Nile, Y. S. Keum, A. S. Nile, S. S. Jalde, R.V. Patel, "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activity of natural plant flavonoids and their synthesized derivatives", Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, Vol. 32, pp. 22002, 2018.   DOI
2 N. Ito, S. Fukushima, A. Haqlwara, M. Shibata, T. Ogiso, "Carcinogenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole in f344 rats", Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 343-352, February1983. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/70.2.343.   DOI
3 Kahl R, Kappus H, "Toxicology of the synthetic antioxidants bha and bht in comparison with the natural antioxidant vitamin e. Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-untersuchung und-forschung", Scientific Research Vol. 196, PP. 329-338, May1993. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01197931.   DOI
4 H. Bayr, "Reactive oxygen species", Critical care medicine, Vol.33, No. 12, pp. 498-501, December 2005. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000186787.64500.12.   DOI
5 V. Dewanto, X. Wu, K. Adom, RH. Liu, "Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity" , Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 50, No.10, pp. 3010-3014, May 2002. DOI: http://doi.org/10.12191/jfr-1-1-1.   DOI
6 T. Guzik, R. Korbut, T. Adamek-Guzik, "Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation", J physiol pharmacol. Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 469-487, December 2003.
7 S. Reuter, S.C. Gupta, M.M. Chaturvedi, B.B. Aggarwal, "Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: How are they linked", Free radical biology and medicine, Vol. 49, No.11, pp. 1603-1616, December 2010. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/jfreeradbiomed.2010.09.006.   DOI
8 S.K. Heo, H.J. Yun, E.K. Noh, W.H. Park, S.D. Park, "Lps induces inflammatory responses in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells via toll-like receptor 4 expression and nitric oxide production", Immunology letters, Vol. 120, No.1-2, pp. 57-64 , October 2008. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2008.07.002.   DOI
9 JR. Vane, JA. Mitchell, I. Appleton, A. Tomlinson, D. Bishop-Bailey, J. Croxtall, and DA. Willoughby, "Inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase and nitric-oxide synthase in inflammation", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 91, No. 6, pp. 2046-2050, March 1994.   DOI
10 W. Brand-Williams, M-E. Cuvelier, C. Berset, "Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity", LWT-Food science and Technology, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 25-30, June 1995. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5.   DOI
11 L.J. Machlin, A . Bendich, "Free radical tissue damage: Protective role of antioxidant nutrients", The FASEB Journal, Vol.1, No.6, pp. 441-445, January 1987. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.1.6.3315807.   DOI
12 R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, , M. Pannala, Yang, C. Rice-Evans, "Antioxidant activity applying an improved abts radical cation decolorization assay", Free radical biology and medicine, Vol. 26, No. 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, May 1999. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.1.6.3315807.   DOI
13 D.O. Kim, O.K. Chun, Y.J. Kim, H.Y. Moon, C.Y. Lee, "Quantification of polyphenolics and their antioxidant capacity in fresh plums", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 51, No.22, pp. 6509-6515, October 2003. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1021/jf0343074.   DOI
14 S. Kaviarasan, G. Naik, R. Gangabhagirathi, C. Anuradha, K. Priyadarsini, "In vitro studies on antiradical and antioxidant activities of fenugreek (trigonella foenum graecum) seeds", Food chemistry, Vol. 103, PP. 31-37, 2007. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.064.   DOI
15 P. Libby, "Inflammatory mechanisms: The molecular basis of inflammation and disease", Nutrition reviews. Vol. 65, No. s3, pp. 140-146, June 2007. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.yb00352.x.   DOI
16 Z. Wang, S.H. Hwang, Y-G. Quispe, PHG. Arce, S.S. Lim, "Investigation of the antioxidant and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of extract from Peruvian tea plant infusions", Food chemistry. Vol. 231, No. pp. 222-230, March 2017. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.107.   DOI
17 J. S. Jung, J. Kwon, S. H. Jung, M. W. Lee, V. Mariappan, and J. S. Cha, "Impact of SV40 T antigen on two multiple fission microalgae species Scenedesmus quadricauda and chlorella vulgaris", International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence(IJASC), Vol.6, No.1, pp.82-88, March 2017. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2017.6.1.82.   DOI
18 H. J. Jeon, J. Hafeez, A. Hamacher, S. Lee, and S. C. Kwon, "A study on the quality of photometric scanning under variable illumination conditions," International Journal of advanced smart convergence(IJASC), Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 88-95, June 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2017.6.4.13.   DOI
19 H. K. Kim, "Physiological functionalities and anti-oxidant activity of heated radish extract", International Journal of advanced smart convergence(IJASC), Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 38-46, June 2018. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2018.7.2.38.   DOI