• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

Adequate vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ nutrition is known to be important for reproductive function in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ status and serum homocysteine levels in 115 women aged 33.2$\pm$4.0 years, who had been diagnosed with infertility, and 49 women aged 34.5$\pm$3.8 years having at least one born child. Total vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin B$_{6}$ intakes in infertile women were significantly lower than those in control. Serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ concentrations were significantly lower in infertile women than those in control and serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in infertile women than those in control. Thirteen percent in infertile women and zero percent in control were assessed as hyperhomocysteinemic and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia between infertile women and control. 41% infertile women were assessed as folate deficiency. Serum folate concentrations was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_2$ intakes was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_{6}$, folate intakes were negatively correlated with homocysteine of infertile women only. In conclusion, infertile women are needed to intake more B vitamins intakes. Furthermore researches are needed to estimate adequate B vitamin supplementation in infertile women. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 115-122, 2004): 115-122, 2004)

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was determine the relationship between social support and the infertility stress of infertile women. The subjects for this were 64 infertile women living in S city, Kyung Book Province. The data was collected during $4^{th}$ July and $14^{th}$ August, 1988 using the social support scale developed by Park(1985) and the infertility stress scale developed by Kim et. al.(1995) The data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS PC program. The results were as follows. 1. The mean of social support of the infertile women was 3.80. 2. The negative correlation was revealed between social support and the infertility stress(r=-.56, p=.001). 3. Research has revealed that the support need of social support was a predictor of the infertility stress of the infertile women, explaining 30.9% of total variance. 4. the general characteristic variable significantly related to the level of the infertility stress of the infertile women was marriage satisfaction(t=-3.28, p=.004). The results of this study suggest that social support is related to the infertility stress of the infertile women. Therefore, The nurse is recommended to apply supportive intervention in caring for infertile women.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.176-183
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• 2020

Purpose: : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intrauterine insemination (IUI) success rate and to define the variables for predicting success. Methods: The secondary data analysis was used with data collected from infertile females who underwent IUI in Fertility and IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) clinics, who benefited from the 'National Medical-aid Program for ART (assisted reproductive technology) in 2016', in which the data of 34,920 IUI cases were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measure was the clinical pregnancy rate in elderly and young infertile females. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, χ2 test and logistic regression. Results: The pregnancy rate was 12.1% (2,095 cases) in elderly infertile females and 15.6% in young infertile females (2,758 cases) (χ2 = 87.90, p< .001). Using the logistic regression analysis, clinical pregnancy was positively associated with the ovulatory factor (OR= 1.48, p< .001) and male factor (OR= 1.19, p< .05) in elderly infertile females. It was positively associated with the ovulatory factor (OR= 1.30, p= .001) and the peritoneal cavity factor (OR= 0.58, p< .05) in young infertile females. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the pregnancy rate in young infertile females was higher than that in old infertile females, and the IUI is the effective option in pregnancies in all ages with infertility due to the ovulatory factor. Additionally, further studies are necessary to fully describe pregnancy experiences for all the infertile females.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.349-353
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• 1998

It has been well known that infertile women experience not only emotional disturbance but also stress. But there is no concern about male infertility patients. So phychiatric symptoms were studied with SCL-90 (Symptom Check List-90) in 30 infertile men who was operated testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in Samsung Cheil Hospital and in age matched 31 fertile men from Jan. 1998 to Aug. 1998. In 5 symptom dimensions (Obcessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Phobic anxiety, Psychoticisim) scores. The Infertile group scored significantly higher than the control group. The result revealed that infertile men also experienced substantially more psychiatric symptoms than fertile men. Considering this results, psychiatric evaluation and tender care by infertility specialist are necessary for infertile men during and after evaluation and treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 1989

This study was performed to determine the blood chemical values of the 50 normal multiparous and 98 infertile dairy cattle which were raised in the high-land of kangweon area. The results obtained in this study were summerized as follow. 1. The mean values of the serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio the infertile dairy cattle were lower than those of the normal multiparous dairy cattle. 2. The mean value of the serum globulin of the infertile dairy cattle was higher than that of the normal multiparous dairy cattle. 3. The mean values of the serum total cholesterol, glucose, calcium and inorganic phosphorus of the infertile dairy cattle were lower than those of the normal multiparous dairy cattle. 4. The mean value of the SGOT of the Infertile dairy cattle was higher than that of the normal multiparous dairy cattle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1379-1391
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness in infertile women and determine how loneliness related to personal characteristics, cause of infertility, family composition, and family conflicts. It also provides basic data for nursing strategies concerning infertile women.A total of 182 subjects were selected at an infertile clinic in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from May 2 to June 21, 1997 by questionaire. It consisted of questions concerning general characteristics, items relating to infertility, and the Loneliness Scale. The UCLA Loneliness scale was used(more specifically, the Korean version of the Revised UCLA Scale by Kim Ok Soo.) The data were analyzed by using SPSS/PC computer program. The result are as follows : 1. The mean age of infertile women was 32.4 years old, and the mean age of souses was 34.8 yerars old. 30.2% of women had a marital duration of 3-5 years, and 25.8% had a marital duration of 5-10 years. 23.1% reported the main etiology of infertility as unexplained, 18.1% reported ovulation disturbances, and 26.4% reported complex causes. 3.8% of the couples had sexual relationship difficulty 83% lived in nuclear families, while 17% lived in large families. 2. The mean loneliness scores of infertile women was 35.53(SD=8.66). The total loneliness score of this study was 80. 3. There were significant differences in loneliness scores according to ages(F=6.893, p=.001), education background(t=4.418, p=.000), and the educational background of husband(t=2.339, p=.020). 4. Loneliness scores related to family situations were significantly different according to several male nephews in husbands' family(F=2.822, p=.027). 5. Loneliness scores related to conflicts were significantly different according to husbands and their family(F=11.465, p=.000). Nurses should acknowlege the fact that some infertile women may experience loneliness. In conclusion, nurses can provide infertile women with information about ways to decrease loneliness and create support groups for themselves, assisting infertile women to adjust to the experience of infertility through positive methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1987

To estimate the influence of plasma copper and zinc concentration on infertility, we measured copper and zinc levels in plasma of 117 infertile women and 14 infertile men by atomic absorption spectrophotometry from January, 1987 through June, 1987 and the results were as follows. 1. The mean plasma copper level was significantly lower in infertile women than in fertile control women while mean plasma zinc level significantly higher in infertile women than in fertile control women. 2. A significant difference in the mean plasma level between infertile women with tubal and endometrial factor and normal controls was noted. 3. The mean level of copper in plasma of azoospermic patients was significantly higher than in fertile control subjects. 4. In fertile control and infertile women, no diurnal and menstrual cyclic variations in plasma zinc and copper levels were present, respectively. Also, there were no significant correlation between plasma zinc and copper levels in all studied group of subjects.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.370-380
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an uncertainty scale for infertile women. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of 12items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, verification of construct validity and extraction of final items. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the preliminary instrument, data were collected from 50 infertile women in an In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) clinic. Data were analyzed by item analysis, Varimax factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: There were 10 items in the final instrument categorized into 2 factors labeled as "personal (6 items)" and "relational (4 items)" The total variance explained was 73.36%. The instrument was shown to have good reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of .899. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed in this study showing its utility to measure uncertainty for infertile women. The instrument can help understand sterility and accurately measure uncertainty for infertile women. The instrument can also be used to evaluate nursing interventions designed for mitigating uncertainty for infertile women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate use condition of Korean medical institution and demand of Korean Medical Treatment Project of Infertility in infertile couple. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to all members of the incorporated association AGAYA(http://www.agaya.org/) via e-mail and to infertile women who visited to Korean medicine OB & GY outpatient clinic of university Korean medicine hospitals of the country and an infertility specialized Korean medicine hospital. One hundred twenty four of completed questionnaires were analyzed. Results: 1. Korean medical institution utilization rate of infertile couple was 89.6% and was similar with western medical institution utilization rate of 87.1%. 2. 96.8% of infertile couple answered that Korean Medical Treatment Project of Infertility is necessary. And 90.3% of infertile couple answered that herbal medicines should be supported first of all. 3. 90.3% of infertile couple answered that they will participate if Korean Medical Treatment Project of Infertility go ahead. Conclusions: It was confirmed that most of the infertile couple have been received Korean medical treatment for infertility, and think that Korean Medical Treatment Project of Infertility is necessary.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2020

Purpose: Infertile women experience various physical, psychological, and relational problems that affect their infertility-related quality of life (QoL). This study investigated infertile women's infertility-related QoL with the goal of identifying how it is influenced by fatigue, depression, and marital intimacy. Methods: A sample of 140 infertile women was surveyed in a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from February to April 2018 using self-report structured questionnaires at three infertility clinics located in Jeonju, Korea. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows version 25.0. The subjects agreed to complete a face-to-face interview, including administration of the Fatigue Severity Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Marital Intimacy Scale, and the Fertility Quality of Life tool. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.6±4.3 years. Infertility-related QoL was negatively correlated with fatigue (r=-.42, p<.001) and depression (r=-.56, p<.001), and positively correlated with marital intimacy (r=.30, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that depression (β=-0.44, p<.001), fatigue (β=-0.27, p<.001), and husband's attitude (β=-0.19, p=.007) had significant effects on the QoL of infertile women, accounting for 40.5% of the variance in infertility-related QoL. Conclusion: The study provides insights into how infertile women's infertility-related QoL was influenced by depression, fatigue, and their husbands' attitudes regarding infertility treatment. To improve infertile women's infertility-related QoL, healthcare providers should consider developing strategies to decrease depression and fatigue in infertile women and to address their husbands' attitudes.