Kim, Tae-Sung;Lee, Dong-Keun;Lee, Byung-Do;Jung, Sun-Kwan
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
/
v.23
no.2
/
pp.107-114
/
2001
Objectives : To compare jaw bone density of young adults (control group) and post-menopausal women(experimental group) in periapical and panoramic film. Materials and Methods : The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) and T scores of lumbar were obtained. T scores were classified into 3 group (T<-2.5, $-2.5{\leqq}T<-1$, $-1{\leqq}T$). Radiographic densities of alveolar bones were measured from interdental bones of premolar, molar areas in the maxilla and mandible and expressed into copper step wedge thickness by Scion $Image^{(R)}$ program. We considered these values of step wedge thickness as bone density of alveolar bone. Panorama mandibular index(PMI) was calculated by the method that the height of the inferior cortex of the mandible was divided by the height from the lower border of the mandible to the superior edge of the mental foramen. Bone density of alveolar bone and PMI were analysed statistically. Results : There were significant differences in bone mineral density of lumbar and femoral neck between control and experimental groups. There were also significant differences in bone density of premolar and molar area of jaw between control and experimental groups by MANOVA test. When considered lumbar T variables, there was only difference in interdental bone density of maxillary molar area between control and experimental group, but there was interaction. Interdental bone density of experimental group was appeared higher in $-1{\leqq}T$ group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. There was significant difference in PMI between control and experimental groups, but there was also inter action, thus, PMI of experimental group was appeared higher in $-1{\leqq}T$ group and lower in T<-2.5 group than control group. Conclusion : There were significant differences of alveolar density and cortical bone thickness between young men and post-menopausal women in periapical and panoramic film. These differences were dependent on lumbar T.
Purpose: Collagen membranes are used extensively as bioabsorbable barriers in guided bone regeneration. However, collagen has different effects on tissue restoration depending on the type, structure, degree of cross-linking and chemical treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction, bone formation, and degradation of dehydrothermal treated porcine type I atelocollagen (CollaGuide$^{(R)}$) compared to of the non-crosslinked porcine type I, III collagen (BioGide$^{(R)}$) and the glutaldehyde cross-linked bovine type I collagen (BioMend$^{(R)}$) in surgically created bone defects in rat mandible. Methods: Bone defect model was based upon 3 mm sized full-thickness transcortical bone defects in the mandibular ramus of Sprague-Dawley rats. The defects were covered bucolingually with CollaGuide$^{(R)}$, BioMend$^{(R)}$, or BioGide$^{(R)}$ (n=12). For control, the defects were not covered by any membrane. Lymphocyte, multinucleated giant cell infiltration, bone formation over the defect area and membrane absorption were evaluated at 4 weeks postimplantation. For comparison of the membrane effect over the bone augmentation, rats received a bone graft plus different covering of membrane. A $3{\times}4$ mm sized block graft was harvested from the mandibular angle and was laid and stabilized with a microscrew on the naturally existing curvature of mandibular inferior border. After 10 weeks postimplantation, same histologic analysis were done. Results: In the defect model at 4 weeks post-implantation, the amount of new bone formed in defects was similar for all types of membrane. Bio-Gide$^{(R)}$ membranes induced significantly greater inflammatory response and membrane resorption than other two membranes; characterized by lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. At 10 weeks postoperatively, all membranes were completely resorbed. Conclusion: Dehydrotheramal treated cross-linked collagen was safe and effective in guiding bone regeneration in alveolar ridge defects and bone augmentation in rats, similar to BioGide$^{(R)}$ and BioMend$^{(R)}$, thus, could be clinically useful.
Park, So Hyun;Choi, Jinhyun;Kim, JinSung;Ahn, Sohyun;Kim, Min Joo;Lee, Ho;Choi, Seo Hee;Park, Kwangwoo
Progress in Medical Physics
/
v.29
no.1
/
pp.1-7
/
2018
The $TomoTherapy^{(R)}$ beam-delivery method creates helical beam-junctioning patterns in the dose distribution within the target. In addition, the dose discrepancy results in the particular region where the resonance by pattern of dose delivery occurs owing to the change in the position and shape of internal organs with a patient's respiration during long treatment times. In this study, we evaluated the dose pattern of the longitudinal profile with the change in respiration. The superior-inferior motion signal of the programmable respiratory motion phantom was obtained using AbChes as a four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) original moving signal. We delineated virtual targets in the phantom and planned to deliver the prescription dose of 300 cGy using field widths of 1.0 cm, 2.5 cm, and 5.0 cm. An original moving signal was fitted to reflecting the beam delivery time of the $TomoTherapy^{(R)}$. The EBT3 film was inserted into the phantom movement cassette, and static, without the movement and with the original movement, was measured with signal changes of 2.0 s, 4.0 s, and 5.0 s periods, and 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm amplitudes. It was found that a dose fluctuation within ${\pm}4.0%$ occurred in all longitudinal profiles. Compared with the original movement, the region of the gamma index above 1 partially appeared within the target and the border of the target when the period and amplitude were changed. Gamma passing rates were 95.00% or more. However, cases for a 5.0 s period and 4.0 mm amplitude at a field width of 2.5 cm and for 2.0 s and 5.0 s periods at a field width of 5.0 cm have gamma passing rates of 92.73%, 90.31%, 90.31%, and 93.60%. $TomoTherapy^{(R)}$ shows a small difference in dose distribution according to the changes of period and amplitude of respiration. Therefore, to treat a variable respiratory motion region, a margin reflecting the degree of change of respiration signal is required.
Park, Seong-Hee;Son, Woo-Sung;Kim, Yong-Deok;Shin, Sang-Hun;Kim, Uk-Kyu;Chung, In-Kyo;Kwon, Soon-Bok
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
/
v.27
no.6
/
pp.526-534
/
2001
Purpose : The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the positive exists among the frenum length, the tongue movement and the speech and to present the normal range of tongue movement and guidelines for the choice of surgery, observation if necessary. Materials and Methods : 180 patients were evaluated. We divided 180 patients into 6 group by age. Each group was separated as follows; the age of 2.5-4, 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 16-18. We measured the frenal length, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech so that we really questioned about the positive relationship between the tongue-tie and speech. We let the patient exercise the protrusive both(right, left) laterotrusive superior movement of the tongue. During these movements, we measured the distance between the vermilion border and the tongue tip. We also measured the distance from the tongue tip to the point contacting the upper lip with dorsum of the tongue during the maximal protrusive movement of the tongue. Three linear measurement of the anterior, inferior segment of the tongue including the lingual frenum, are made. These measurements are as follows: 1. Distance A. Free anterior portion of the tongue from the point of frenular insertion to the tongue tip. 2. Distance B. The distance from the initiating point of the lingual frenum to the point connecting the two sublingual carundcles to the lingual frenum perpendicularly. 3. Distance C. The distance from the point contacting the line crossing the sublingual caruncles with the lingual frenum to the terminating point of the lingual frenum. We transform three linear measures into a statistical ratio, A/(A-B+C), representing the length of the free portion of the tongue compared with the total sublingual dimensions. In addition, we assessed the speech through Picture Consonant Articulation Test(PCAT) and tried to find out the relationship between the length of the lingual frenum and speech. Conclusion : As people are born, they have small and restricted tongue. As people grow old, tongue motions are more liberate, and unrestricted and they can speak so freely. Therefore we suggest that until age 5, oral and maxillofacial surgeons postpone the surgery if not urgent, evaluate the maximal lingual motions and PCAT according to this article and observe their changes.
Park, Kyoung Jin;Eun, Hyeon Jun;Kim, Yong Min;Yoo, Jun Il;Lim, Chae Ouk
Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
/
v.19
no.3
/
pp.125-129
/
2016
Background: Superior migration of humeral head has been conventionally determined by measuring the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), We sought to devise a novel measurement system more reliably and accurately than AHD. We described a structural landmark called 'C-line'. In this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of 'step-off of the C-line (SOC)' compared to that of AHD. Methods: The C-line formed from the medial margin of the proximal humeral head continuing up to the inferior margin of the articular glenoid and then to the lateral border of the scapula. The superior migration of the humeral head triggered by a rotator cuff tear introduces a discontinuity in this C-line. We measured the distance of this discontinuity. We enrolled 144 patients who underwent a rotator cuff repair. We selected 58 controls who didn't have any cuff lesions apparent on magnetic resonance imaging. Using radiographs derived from standardized true anteroposterior views of the shoulder, we measured the SOC and the AHD. We used t-tests for statistical analyses. Results: A rotator cuff tear was associated with an increase in SOC and a decrease in AHD. In control group, the mean SOC was $1.29{\pm}1.71mm$ and AHD was $9.71{\pm}2.65mm$. In cuff tear group, the mean SOC was $3.15{\pm}3.41mm$ and AHD was $8.28{\pm}1.76mm$. The mean SOCs of the patient group in relation to the mean SOC of the control group according to tear size, the SOCs of medium tear and lager groups showed statistically significant increase (p<0.05). Conclusions: The SOC may be a similarly effective to diagnose cuff tears of medium size and larger compared with AHD.
Shim, Ye Ji;Nam, Dongwoo;Kim, Bo Hae;Jin, Young Ju;Ryu, Yoon-Jong;Kim, Min-Su;Chung, Eun-Jae;Kwon, Seong Keun;Hah, J Hun;Kwon, Tack-Kyun
Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
/
v.26
no.2
/
pp.127-129
/
2015
Background and Objectives : The etiology of globus pharyngeus remains uncertain. It has been known there is a relationship between the presence of air bubbles in esophagus and GERD symptoms. The aim of this study is to identify relationship between the globus symptom and the presence of air column in esophagus. Subjects and Methods : The study population consisted of 46 patients who underwent CT scan as part of evaluation for globus. Controls were chosen from the population consisted of patients with lymphadenopathy who underwent CT scan. The correlation between the presence of globus symptom and diameter, volume, and position of the air column was assessed using t-test. Reproducibility of diameter and volume of the esophageal air column was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient. Results : In study group, the mean volume of the air column was $769.56{\pm}983.08mm^3$, the mean diameter was $8.24{\pm}4.90mm$, the mean distance from the inferior border of posterior lamina of cricoid cartilage was $88.86{\pm}28.01mm$. In control group, $682.18{\pm}767.28mm^3$, $8.37{\pm}5.50mm$, $88.34{\pm}21.06mm$, respectively. There were no differences of diameter, volume and distance of the air column between the two groups. We failed to obtain acceptable reliability when we compare the diameter and the volume of the esophageal air column. Conclusion : There was no relationship between air column of esophagus and presence of globus symptom. And the measurement of diameter and volume of the esophageal air column change over time and it should be considered in a further study.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
/
v.26
no.1
/
pp.24-39
/
2000
Various methods and graft materials have been used to fill in the defect adjacent to the implants and considered as clinically acceptable. But it is not clear whether the regenerated bone increases the implant-bone contact and supports the implant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate regenerated bone surrounding implants using bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and demineralized freeze-dried bone(DFDB), and the interfaces between implants and regenerated bone. bBMP was extracted and partially purified from the bovine bone matrix using heparine chromatography. Demineralized freeze-dried bone was made from the dog. Inactive insoluble collagenous bone matrix(IBM) of dog was used as carrier of bBMP. Interfaces of titanium coated epoxy resin implants were processed for demineralized section for transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and those of screw type implants were for nondemineralized section for light and fluoromicroscopic examination. Implants were inserted in the inferior border of mandible of adult dogs and artificial bony defects($3{\times}3{\times}4mm$) were made at the mesial and distal side of implants. Defects were filled with BMP(BMP group) and DFDB(DFDB group). For the fluoromicroscopic examination, the fluorescent dyes(oxytetracycline, calcein green, alizarin red) were injected 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks after implantation. The experimental animals were sacrificed at the 6th and the 12th week and their mandible were extirpated and processed for examination with light microscopy, fluoromicroscopy and TEM. The obtained results were as follows : 1. By the light microscopic findings, the defects were filled with woven bone at the 6th week and compact bone at the 12th week, and the osseointegrations were seen in both groups. There was no histological difference between them. 2. On the basis of the histomorphometric analysis, BMP group(6th week: 40.25%, 12th week: 56.04%) had higher bony contact ratio than DFDB group(38.37%, 42.63%). There was significant difference between two groups at the 12th week(p<0.05). 3. The amount of bone formation in BMP group was more prominent than in DFDB group. Significant difference was noted among two groups at the 6th and the 8th week(p<0.05). 4. By the transmission electron microscopic findings, $0.4-2{\mu}m$ soft tissue layer was found in adjacent to the interfaces and over the collagen fibrils of bone at the 6th week. However, about 100nm amorphous layer was noted at the interface or collagen fibrils directly extended to the titanium surface at the 12th week. There was no significant difference between two groups. 5. These results suggest that BMP and DFDB can be used as good graft materials in the regeneration of bone adjacent to implant, and BMP is more valuable as a bone inducer than DFDB.
Objective: This study was performed to validate the autonomous maximal smile (AMS) as a new reference for evaluating dental and gingival exposure. Methods: Digital video clips of 100 volunteers showing posed smiles and AMS at different verbal directives were recorded for evaluation a total of three times at 1-week intervals. Lip-teeth relationship width (LTRW) and buccal corridor width (BCW) were measured. LTRW represented the vertical distance between the inferior border of the upper vermilion and the edge of the maxillary central incisors. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for reproducibility, and the m-value (minimum number of repeated measurements required for an ICC level over 0.75), were calculated. Results: LTRW and BCW of the AMS were 1.41 and 2.04 mm, respectively, greater than those of the posed smile (p < 0.05), indicating significantly larger dental and gingival exposure in the AMS. The reproducibility of the AMS (0.74 to 0.77) was excellent, and higher than that of the posed smile (0.62 to 0.65), which had fair-to-good reproducibility. Moreover, the m-value of the AMS (0.88 to 1.05) was lower than that of the posed smile (1.59 to 1.85). Conclusions: Compared to the posed smile, the AMS shows significantly larger LTRW and BCW, with significantly higher reproducibility. The AMS might serve as an adjunctive reference, in addition to the posed smile, in orthodontic and other dentomaxillofacial treatments.
In this experiment, eleven volunteers were followed up for 15 months after the injection of botulinum toxin type A on right and left masseter muscles. The measurement of masseter muscle atrophy for each volunteer was performed by CT(computed tomography) three times: before the injection, three and fifteen months after the injection. The thickness and area of muscle were measured in three positions which are 10 (position 1), 20 (position 2), and 40 mm (position 3) above the inferior border of mandible(the injection site was nearest the position 1). The thickness of masster muscle was decreased in all three positions three months after the injection, but no significant change was observed fifteen months after the injection. On the other hand, the area of masster muscle was decreased in all three positions three months after the injection. Furthermore, the area was decreased significantly in positions 1 and 2, but not in position 3 fifteen months after the injection. As a result, toxin is still in effect even fifteen months after the injection. Finally, the present study shows that the measurement of muscle area provides more precise informations than that of muscle thickness does.
Kim, Mi-Sun;Kim, Chul-Han;Lee, Yong-Sek;Kang, Sang-Gue;Tark, Min-Sung
Archives of Plastic Surgery
/
v.37
no.6
/
pp.831-834
/
2010
Purpose: Congenital absence of the vagina is a rare case. It occurs as a result of Mullerian duct aplasia or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. The reconstructive modality includes skin graft, use of intestine and various methods of flap. We report a patient who underwent vulvoperineal fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct congenital absence of the vagina, while the external genitalia and ovaries are normal. Methods: A 26-year-old woman presented with vaginal agenesis. Under general anesthesia, a U-shaped incision was made between the urethral meatus and the anus. The new vaginal pocket was created up to the level of the peritoneal reflection between the urinary structures and the rectum. Next, the vulvoperineal fasciocutaneous flaps were designed in a rectangular fashion. Flap elevation was begun at the lateral margin which the adductor longus fascia was incised and elevated, and the superficial perineal neurovascular pedicle was invested by the fascial layer. The medial border was then elevated. A subcutaneous tunnel was created beneath the inferior of the labia to rotate the flaps. The left vulvoperineal flap was rotated counterclockwise and the right was rotated clockwise. The neovaginal pouch was formed by approximating the medial and lateral borders. The tubed neovagina was then transposed into the cavity. Results: In 3 weeks, the vaginal canal remained supple After 6 weeks, the physical examination showed normalappearing labia majora and perineum with an adequate vaginal depth. A year after the operation, the patient had a 7 cm vagina of sufficient width with no evidence of contractures nor fibrous scar formation. The patient was sexually active without difficulty. Conclusion: Although many methods were described for reconstruction of vaginal absence, there is not a method yet to be approved as a perfect solution. We used the vulvoperineal fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct a neovagina. This method had a following merits: a single-stage procedure, excellent flap reliability, the potential for normal function, minimal donor site morbidity and no need for subsequent dilatation, stents, or obturators. We thought that this operation has a good anatomic and functional results for reconstruction of the vagina.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.