• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.417-431
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for primiparas in mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment, and infant development. Method: A Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used. For the intervention group, programmed parenting education focusing on mother-infant interaction, home environment for infant development, and parent counseling and support was provided via home visits or telephone for twelve months. Result: Significant differences were found in the mother-infant interaction feeding scale at one and three months, but no differences were found in the teaching scale at six and twelve months between the intervention and control groups. Also, the difference in childrearing environment (HOME) between the two groups was significant at three, six, twelve months. In addition, the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale at three and six months. In multiple regression analysis, 22.6% to 43.6% of infant development was explained by HOME, mother-infant interaction, and previous development. Conclusion: The maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering infant development.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.272-284
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide basic informations for the encouragements of premature infants' breast feeding. Method: From August 10 to October 9, 2002, we have carried out a statical research which surveyed 148 mothers of premature infants registered in NICU. The sample had generated cluster-randomly from 25 General Hospitals, all over the Korea peninsula and being surveyed with 74 questionnaires. Result: Mean hospitalized day of premature infants was 27.9 days. The mean total feeding period was 19.1 days and continuous breast feeding period 12.4days. They were interested in breast feeding education-they answered that they would join the breast feeding education if they were given the chance 87.8％. There was significant relation between babies fed only breast milk and the body weight of birth(p<.05). The reasons why mother gave the baby her breast milk include 'for her baby's health' and 'people said breast milk is good for babies' with a portion of 99％. The main reason why mothers could not execute breast feeding was 'the deficit of breast milk volume' 50.0％ and other reason were 'because of start to support more nutritions '18.2％, 'difficulty to carry out the breast milk to hospital'13.6％. The reasen why mothers could not try breast feeding at first were 'deficit of breast milk volume'37.0％, 'not to be prepared for breast feeding because of unexpected delivery'32.6％. Conclusion: We need a program to inform importance and excellent of the breast feeding and a plan to increase the premature infants' breast feeding through the importation of fortifier.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2002

This retrospective descriptive study was done to identify maternal characteristics related to infant feeding methods. Data were collected by self-report from 90 mothers who visited a health clinic in Seoul between July 30 and August 14, 2001. The mothers were classified into 3 groups according to the feeding method at 4 weeks after childbirth; Exclusive breast feeding group, Mixed breast feeding group, Bottle feeding group. Mothers using exclusive breast feeding accounted for 46.6% of the mothers, those using mixed breast feeding, 26.7%, and those using bottle feeding, 26.7%. Although the percentage of mothers using exclusive breast feeding was higher, there was no significant difference among the groups. In our research, characteristics related to the mother were found to be in a state of change. Mothers with higher education and having a job had higher rates for exclusive breast feeding. This result is different from that of earlier research. Further research is needed to confirm these characteristics. In order to increase the rate for exclusive breast feeding and the duration of breast feeding, nurses need to provide programs aimed at fostering breast feeding and these programs should be based on characteristics related to breast feeding shown in our research.

• 대한간호
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.64-78
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of gravidas' knowledge. The subjects of this study consisted of 159 gravida visited 2 general hospitals, 2 OB/GY clinics and 2 midwives' clinics in J city for anenatal care. The data were collected from December 1 to 30, J.989. The instrument used for this study was true false type question which was developed by investigator through literature review. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA on significant difference with SPSS program. The results of this study were, summarized as follow: 1) The degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity was 36.75, the degree of gravidas' know ledge of physical care activicy was 16.70, and the degree of gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity was 20.00. 2) Among the physical care activity knowledge items, the diaper should be changed whenever it is soiled, $\lceil$shortly after feeding is over, bathing is bad$\rfloor$, $\lceil$gently patted or stroked on the back when bubbling$\rfloor$, $\lceil$10 minutes time in bathing is appropriate$\rfloor$, $\lceil$infant is crying whenever he is hungry per 3-4 hours$\rfloor$, and "room humidity controled 60 percent, more or less> were over a' percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the physical care, accivity knowledge items. $\lceil$a reason for burping was the air' he has swallowed will rise to the top of his stomach and be eructated$\rfloor$, $\lceil$burping is advisable after the feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$dressing of umbilical area is not necessary$\rfloor$, $\lceil$the thermometer should not be boiled for disinfection$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is important chat the infant grasp the whole nipple within his mouth$\rfloor$, $\lceil$using alcohol sponge is bad whenever diaper is soiled", and $\lceil$when temperature is taken by the rectal method, infant legs shoud be grasped firmly_! were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 3) Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$it is nice, mother smile at bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother praise a bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother express bady's behavior$\rfloor$, $\lceil$talk frequently to the bady, the bady :should not be disturbed while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother see a baby face to face , $\lceil$it is nice, mother concentrate one's attention on her baby while playing$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother pat one's baby while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable, the baby is allowed to touch mother's breast while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable to stop feeding, if the baby protrudes one's tongue or cries while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$baby is able to hear, see and smell$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother Concentrate one's attention on her baby while feeding$\rfloor$, and $\lceil$it is not advisable for mother to scold baby while he is crying out> were over a percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$Using' baby talks is bad when mother talks to baby> and $\lceil$it is nice, mother soothes the baby as soon as possible when he is crying I were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 4) There was statistically significant relationship between the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity and the demographic variables of gravida such as the age(p<0.01) and education level(p<0.01). From these results, it may be concluded that gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity is moderate level, and gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity is greater than that of physical care activity. Also prenatal nursing educations should focus on subjects who have lower percentage of right answer in infant care activity knowledge items.dge items.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1980

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons of Object Attachment Occurrence in infant and the meanings of it in his early development. For this purpose, the following hypotheses were supposed. 1. Infant's object Attachment will be a substitutional for mother attachment when he has opportunities to his mother during his first years. 2. Infant's Object Attachment will not impede the infant's normal development. In order to test this hypotheses 28 mothers whose infants show or have shown this phenomenon and 28 mothers whose infants show or have shown this phenomenon and 28 mothers whose infants do not show this one were interviewed about their child rearing practice and attitude. They were selected by the random sampling method from 310 household wives living at a delux Apt. in Seoul. The results obtained in this study are as follow ; 1. The less opportunities infant has for 1) his mother's breast feeding 2) having physical contact with his mother 3) spending time with his mother 4) receiving prompt response from his mother to his crying, the more he is apt to show this phenomenon. And infant whose first main attachment figure is not his mother also shows the same apt. 2. There was no difference between two groups in intelligence and personality. So it can be concluded that infant's Object Attachment is a substitutional phenomenon for mother attachment in the mother during his first years, and it does not impede infant's normal development.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the degree and sources of stress which fathers of infants in NICU experience. Method: Eighty-five fathers of NICU infants at 5 university hospitals in Seoul volunteered to complete the Parental Stressor Scale for NICU (PSS: NICU) from September 1, to October 15, 2002. Result: Total perceived stress was 3.50±0.76. The highest score were in Parental Role Alteration (3.76±0.83) and Appearance and Behavior (3.65±1.04). The total perceived stress score (PSS), correlated significantly with method (t=3.50, p=.01), and route (F=5.30, p=.00) of feeding. Light & Sound correlated significantly with birth weight (F=3.39, p=.02), medical diagnosis(F=2.30, p=.03), plan of operation(t=2.50, p=.01), operation (t=3.80, p=.02), method (F=4.90, p=.003), and route (F=4.70, p=.00) of feeding. Infant Appearance and Behavior correlated significantly with birth weight (F=5.12, p=.01), plan of operation (t=2.50, p=.01), method (F=3.50, p=.01), and route (F=7.80, p=.00) of feeding. Parental Role Alteration correlated significantly with care of incubator (t=-.68, p=.03), method of feeding (F=2.80, p=.04) and education level of father (F=3.00, p=.05). Conclusion: Father with NICU infants were concerned mostly with parental role alteration and infant appearance. Nursing intervention should include fathers of NICU infants.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.45-58
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• 1991

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the determinants of mother's choice of infant feeding method on immediate postpartum period & the breast feeding practice after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5months. The subjects were 170 mothers who were delivered at 2 hospital, 2 OBGY clinics, 1 midwifery in Jinju, the data were collected from Jan. 1 to Feb. 20 of 1991, form each subject at two periods of time ; postpartum 2 or 3 days via interview, 5months via telephone interview. The results were as fellows : 1. The propotion of mother planned exclusive breast-feeding was 66.5%, milk feeding 17.6%, mixed feeding 15.9%, End 38.9% of mothers planned to breast-feed their infants for 4-6moths, 25.7% for more than 12 months. The major reasons for selection of milk feeding method were the presence of mother's job(26.7%), the conditions of breast & milk production(23.7%). 2. There were significant relations between the choice of feeding method & the presence of s job(p<.01), & parity(p<.01). 3. The percentages of subjects that were received education about the advantages & method of breast feeding were 63.5%, 38.2%, respectively, & the informants were mass media, 89.8%, 81.5%. 4. The most of mothers had the knowledge about the advantages of breast feeding. 5. The percentage of mothers that practiced breast feeding on postpartum were 75.9%. 6. The rates of breast feeding practice by duration were more than 5months, 60.5%, 1 month, 27.1%, 2-4 months. 12.3%. 7. The reasons for the stop of breast feeding were the decrease of milk volume(22.9%), the presence of mother's job(17.4%). 8. The duration of breast feeding practice were differed significantly by the presence of mother's job, type of delivery, rooming-in, planned duration of breast feeding, the first feeding time.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to develop a new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight in infants and mother-infant interaction. Method: This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-one newborn infants from a postpartum Management Center were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from February 1 to September 30, 2004. Infants in the experimental group (16) were given Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily for 6 days and weighed every day at 10 am. Using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale(1978), mother-infant interaction was determined before the treatment, after 1 week and 1 month after the massage. Results: Infants in the experimental group had a higher average weight than those in the control group and the difference was significant (Z=-2.29, p=.022). For mother-infant interaction, the experimental group had higher scores tHan the control group, and the difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 3 measurement times. Conclusion: The Meridian Massage in this study showed positive weight gain and positive mother-infant interaction. This study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant development.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2000

This study was designed to compare the education needs in LBW infant's mother at discharge and after one month at home for development of the educational program. The subjects of this study consisted of 61 mothers of LBW infant's at discharge and 51 mothers of LBW infant's after one month at home. They were selected by convenience from 3 general hospitals and 1 pediatric hospital in Seoul, Kangreung and Inchon. The data were collected during the period from January, 5 to March, 15, 2000. The Education Needs for LBW infant Care was measured by Questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analized by descriptive statistics, non-paired t-test & ANOVA using SAS. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The educational need, of the mothers of LBW infant at discharge were higher than the mothers of LBW infant after one month at home(t=8.72, p=.00). 2) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant after one month at home and numbers of children(F=3.61, p=0.03). 3) There were significant associations of the educational needs between the mothers of LBW infant at discharge and the mothers of LBW infant after one month at home in categories and items. (1) There were significant associations by categories such as Infant care(t=8.34, p=.00), feeding(t=6.71, p=.00), unusual behavior (t=6.54, p=.00). Management disorder (t=8.67, p=.00), attachment between parents and infant(t=5.19, p=.00) and environment (t=6.14, p=.00). (2) There were two items that represented the highest educational needs in all items. That were "How about we can do when infant has a breathing disorder" and "How about we can do when infant has a seizure". These two items included Management of disorder category. In Conclusion, when the nurse teaching the method of infant care to mother, educational contents must be included about Management of disorder emphatically.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a breast feeding program for mothers of premature infants. The program was applied and its effect was evaluated on stress, knowledge and breastfeeding behaviors of premature infant mothers. Method: This study employed a one group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design. The data were collected from 17 participants from August 15 to October 24, 2004, at a N1CU at D University Medical Center located in Susan, Korea. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, SD, and t-test using SPSS version 10. Result: After the program, participants significantly showed a greater level of knowledge than before the program (t=-5.750, p=.000). No statistically significant differences in stress level scores were found (t=1.453, p=.153). The breastfeeding practice rate was 94.1%: Conclusion: This educational program using a handbook and video had a positive effect on increasing knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among premature infant mothers. It is suggested that this study be replicated with a larger sample size to compare group responses.