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Comparison of Agronomic Characteristics, Yield and Feed Value of Different Corn Hybrids for Silage (국내육성 사일리지옥수수의 일반생육특성 및 사료가치의 품종간 비교)

  • Son Beom-Young;Moon Hyeon-Gui;Jung Tae-Wook;Kim Si-Ju;Kim Jong-Duk
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.233-238
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, yield and feed value of newly bred domestic silage corn hybrids compared to foreign imported corn hybrid. Days to silking were $78{\sim}86$ days and longer than that of P3394 (Control). Kwangpyeongok, Cheonganok, and Cheongsaok were resistant to lodging. Such trait of stay-green of Kwanganok, Kwangpyeongok, Cheonganok, Cheongsaok, and Suwon159 was not different from that of P3394. Duruok, Kwangpyeongok, and Suwon159 were more resistant to Bipolaris maydis (southern corn leaf blight) than P3394. All of the silage corn hybrids were resistant to Exserohilum turcicum (northern corn leaf blight) and Smut. Ear ratios to total dry matter (%) of Cheonganok was similar to P3394. Ear lengths of domestic hybrids were similar or longer than that of P3394. Dry matter yield of domestic hybrids except Suwon19 and Jangdaok were similar to that of P3394. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) yields, Duruok, Kwangpyeongok, Cheonganok, and Cheongsaok were similar to P3394, but Kwanganok, Suwon19, Jangdaok and Suwon159 were lower than P3394. Acid detergent fiber(ADF), Suwon19 was lowest among all hybrids, and all hybrids except Suwon19 had values ranging from 44.7 to 49.0%, similarly with P3394. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) values of the hybrids were similar to that of P3394, and ranged from 68.1 to 72.8%, except for Duruok which was lowest. Relative feed values (RFV) of Duruok, Kwangpyeongok, Cheonganok, Jangdaok, and Suwon159 had values ranging from 71.0 to 75.7 and were not significantly different from P3394. ADF was significantly negatively correlated with number of days to silking, number of days to maturity, and fresh matter yield, but was significantly positively correlated with resistance to corn borer. RFV showed a significantly positive correlations with no. of days to maturity and fresh matter yield, but significantly negative correlation with resistance to European corn borer. Therefore, indices for evaluation of feed value as well as production were important to select corn hybrids for silage. It is concluded that domestic hybrids tested in this study have high feed value as well as high production similar to those of imported corn hybrid.

Growth Performance of Pangasiid Catfish, Silver carp and Catla in Polyculture (복합양식에서 pangasiid catfish, silver carp과 catla의 성장률)

  • Sarkar, Md. Reaz Uddin;Khan, Saleha;Haque, Md. Mahfuzul;Khan, Mohammed Nurul Absar;Luyen, Quoc-Hai;Choi, Jae-Suk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.9
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    • pp.1186-1193
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    • 2008
  • The growth performance of pangasiid catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and catla (Catla catla) was evaluated in polyculture at varied combinations and stocking ratios in earthen pond for a period of 16 weeks. Combinations of pangasiid catfish, silver carp and catla with the total density of 30,000 fish per hectare were evaluated. A commercial pelleted feed containing 28% crude protein and 6% lipid was fed only to pangasiid catfish at the rate of 8% of body weight during the first six weeks, 6% during the second six weeks and 4% thereafter twice daily. The growth and feed utilization efficiency of pangasiid catfish were found similar in all treatments. The growth of silver carp was markedly decreased upon the increase of its own stocking density. The highest growth of silver carp achieved in polyculture of pangasiid catfish, silver carp and catla at 2:1:1 ratio where density of silver carp was lowest. The growth of catla was found to be affected by the presence of silver carp. The growth rate of catla markedly declined with the increase of silver carp density. The highest growth of catla obtained in polyculture of pangasiid catfish only with catla stocked at 1:1 ratio. The highest yield and economic return achieved in polyculture of pangasiid catfish, silver carp and catla at the ratio of 2:1:1 due to higher growth of silver carp and higher market value of catla. The water quality conditions in all different treatment ponds were within optimum ranges throughout the culture period and the values did not show any significant variation (p>0.05) among the treatments.

Assessing Relative Importance of Laver Attributes for Infants Using Conjoint Analysis (컨조인트 분석을 이용한 영유아 김 선택 속성의 상대적 중요도 분석)

  • Lee, Ho-Jin;Lee, Min-A;Park, Hye-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.894-902
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the attributes considered as important by parents in the selection of laver for infants through conjoint analysis techniques. A total of 917 questionnaires were distributed in January 2016, of which 211 were completed (23.0%). Statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive statistics and conjoint analysis. The conjoint design was applied to evaluate the hypothetical laver for infants. According to the analysis of attributes and levels of laver for infants, the relative importance of each attribute was follows: seasoning (26.55%), flavor (19.33%), texture (18.75%), oil (15.15%), size (10.61%), and certification (9.61%). The results of the conjoint analysis indicate that parents raising infants preferred laver with the characteristics of non-seasoning, general flavor, softness, half-size, organic certification, and perilla oil. The most preferred laver for infants gained a 53.7% potential market share from choice simulation compared with laver being sold. Using utility and relative importance, the laver market for infants was classified into two segments. As a result of market segmentation, parents of cluster 1 preferred the laver model being sold (soy seasoning) while parents of cluster 2 preferred the optimized laver model (non-seasoning).

Nutrient Composition and Heavy Metal Contents of Matured Livestock Liquid Fertilizer in Korea (국내 가축분뇨 부숙액비의 비료성분 및 중금속 함량 분포특성)

  • Kang, Tak-Won;Halder, Joshua Nizel;Kim, Soo-Ryang;Yoon, Young-Man;Lee, Myung-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2017
  • From July to August 2013, liquid fertilizers produced at 180 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected. The maturity of liquid fertilizers was measured using the mechanical maturity measurement device. The nutrient contents (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content of 46 liquid fertilizers were investigated in this study. We used a matured liquid fertilizer with a total number of 46, with number of 7 for Gyeonggi-do, 3 for Chungcheongbuk-do, 2 for Chungcheongnam-do, 13 for Jeollabuk-do, 5 for Jeollanam-do, 3 for Gyeongsangbuk-do, 11 for Gyeongsangnam-do, 1 for Daejeon, and 1 for Jeju-do. The physicochemical properties were as follows: pH 8.0, EC 11.6 mS/cm, SS 5,188 mg/L, TKN 847mg/L, ${{NH_4}^+}-N$ 317 mg/L, ${{NO_3}^-}-N$ 170 mg/L, Org-N 360 mg/L, TP 193 mg/L, and TK 2,557 mg/L. The total amount of NPK was 3,596 mg/L. The total amount of N-P-K was as follows: a number of 2 at 1,000-2,000 mg/L (4%), a number of 17 at 2,000-3,000mg/L (37%), a number of 11 at 3,000-4,000mg/L (24%), and a number of 16 at 4,000mg/L or more (35%). Thus, 41% of the mature liquid fertilizers were below the official standard of commercial fertilizer (livestock manure liquid fertilizer) (0.3% of the total amount of N-P-K). Most of the N-P-K total amount showed non-uniform characteristics of low nitrogen and low phosphoric acid due to the potassium concentration. The average heavy metal content in the matured liquid fertilizer was as follows: As, not detected; Cd, 0.01 mg/kg; Hg, not detected; Pb, 0.02 mg/kg; Cr, 0.14 mg/kg; Cu, 6.89 mg/kg; Ni, 0.44 mg/kg; and Zn, 20.70 mg/kg. Thus, the official standard of commercial fertilizer was satisfied in all categories, indicating a safe level.

Change of Anti-Oxidative Activity and Quality Characteristics of Maejakgwa with Mugwort Powder during the Storage Period (쑥 첨가 매작과의 저장과정 중 항산화활성 및 품질특성 변화)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Hee;Kim, Soo-Jeong;Yoon, Mi-Hyang;Byun, Myung-Woo;Jang, Soon-Ae;Yook, Hong-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mugwort powder on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Maejakgwa. Maejakgwa were prepared with mugwort powder at levels 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% ($60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 14 days). The lightness, redness, and yellowness values of Maejakgwa significantly reduced depending on mugwort powder. The hardness of Maejakgwa was decreased with the increase of storage period and increased with the increase of mugwort powder. In the sensory evaluations, the Maejakgwa prepared with 3% added mugwort powder received higher acceptance scores for the properties of color, taste, hardness, crispiness, adhesiveness and overall acceptability. As the mugwort powder content increased, acid value and peroxide value were decreased. With the increase of storage period, acid value and peroxide value of all sample increased but growth rate of these values decreased with the addition of the mugwort powder. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was improved significantly via the addition of mugwort powder and decreased as storage period increased. During storage period, Maejakgwa with mugwort powder showed a stronger antimicrobial effect in yeasts and molds than in total aerobic bacteria. Coliform bacteria were not detected in all samples. Also the antimicrobial activity was increased with the addition of the mugwort powder and decreased as storage period increased. The results show that addition of the mugwort powder to foods with fat such as Maejakgwa would be a useful way to enhance the antioxidant quality, sensory characteristics and shelf life.

Management and Supporting System on the Occupational Health Nursing Services Provided in Group Occupational Health Agencies of Korea (소규모 사업장 보건관리대행기관의 간호업무 운영관리 지원체계)

  • Yoo, Kyung-Hae
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.193-211
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to investigate the management and support system affecting to the occupational health nursing services(OHNS) provided in group occupational health agencies(GOHA). Questionnaire was developed and distributed to 82 nurses who were working in GOHA and who agreed to participate in the survey. The results were as follow: 1. OH nurses responded were mostly in the age of twenty to thirties(89%), married(73.7%), technical college graduates(88.9%), worked in hospital(85.4%) and participated more than 1 year in group occupational health services (96.3%). 2. Fifty eight point four percent of the OH nurses worked in number of workplace more than 30 to less than 60 in the OHNS form. The figure of workplaces undertaken by nurses was ranged greatly from 9 to more than 100. Number of employees who cared by nurses were mostly under 5,000 peoples in 93.3%. The types of industry was mostly manufacturing and located in the order of factory complex area, suburban, urban and others. 3. Most OH nurses(87.8%) were fully involved in the OHNS for the SSE. Their working days to visit SSE was 5 days per week(77.8%) and one day in the GOHA at 41.3%. 4. The OH documents using by nurses were found in more than 23 different types. However, they were largely summarized in the types of 'Workplace Health Management Card', 'Personal Health Counselling Card', 'Daily Health Management Report', 'Visiting List of Workplace' and 'Sick Employee List'. 5. The items of laboratory test provided by GOHA were mostly achieved in the purpose of basic health examination. They were used to be the blood pressure check(98.8%), blood sugar test (98.8%), urine sugar and protein(91.4%), SGOT and SGPT(85.3% each), cholesterol (82.9%), hepa vaccine immunization(82.9%), r-GPT(81.7%), hemoglobin(79.3%) and triglyceride(75.5%). 6. The OH nurses(92.7%) followed the work pattern to visit the GOHA before and after small-scale enterprises(SSE) visit by car driven by nurses in 74.3%. They were payed by GOHA for transportation fees in certain amounts. However, nurse is the main person(75.0%) who covers up in case of traffic accident. If the GOHA has no transportation regulation for the formal workplace visit, data showed that nurses had been responsible to take charge(31.7%). 7. The personnel manager who takes in charge for nursing services was 'nurse' in 61.7% and 41.2% worked as the final decision maker related to nursing work. The OH nurses' opinions about factors affecting to the management were classified in the four areas such as 'Nature(Quality) of health professional'. 'Content of OHNS', 'Delivery system of the GOHS', and 'Others'. The factors were indicated highly in 'Authority as health professional', 'Level of perception of director on the OH' and 'Physical work condition for OHNS'. The things that this study suggests in the recommendation would be summarized in such as the management and supporting system working for SSE in the OHNS is necessary to reform thoroughly. The reconsidered aspects might be in the matters of number of workplaces undertaken by nurses, development of effectively practical health documents, preparation for guideline of the laboratory test in the workpleces, establishment of convenient and encouraging support system and cooperation between other health professionals with respect and skill.

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Investigation of Diseases of Thai koi, Anabas testudineus (BLOCH) from Farming Conditions in Winter (겨울철 양식장 환경에서 Tai koi, Anabas testudineus (BLOCH)의 임상병리학적 특징)

  • Ahmed, Gias Uddin;Dhar, Mili;Absar Khan, Mohammed Nurul;Choi, Jae-Suk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.10
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    • pp.1309-1314
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    • 2007
  • Investigation on health conditions of Thai koi (Anabas testudineus) were carried out through clinical and histopathological observations from different farms of Mymensingh district for seven months during August 2006 to February 2007. Fish sampling and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH) were monitored on a monthly basis. Clinical examination of fishes was also carried out for any kind of abnormalities at monthly intervals. Samples of skin, muscle, gill, liver and kidney were observed by histological technique. Among the water quality parameters the values of water temperature, dissolved oxygen were found to be at unfavorable level for fish during the colder months in the farms. Clinically it was observed that fishes were more affected from December to January and almost normal in appearance during August to September and February. Different clinical symptoms like scale loss, dermal lesion, ulcer and loss of caudal fin were noticed in December and January. In histopathological study, structures of fish organs were normal from August to September. In the months of October and November, minor pathologies were found to be started. Marked pathological changes like necrosis, pyknosis, inflammation, hemorrhage, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, missing of primary and secondary gill lamellae were observed in the months of December and January. Whereas, in the month of February the pathological condition of fish gradually reduced. Again when considered individual fish farm, fishes of Reliance Aqua Farm were more affected than Sotota Matshya Hatchery. The study showed that severity of clinical and pathological changes were increased in December and January. During the period EUS and protozoan diseases were noticed in A. testudineus of the investigated farms.

Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara Extracts (눈개승마(Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara) 용매 추출물의 항산화 및 항균활성)

  • Kim, Mi-Seon;Kim, Kyoung-Hee;Jo, Ji-Eun;Choi, Jong-Jin;Kim, Young-Jin;Kim, Jong-Hwan;Jang, Soon-Ae;Yook, Hong-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2011
  • The solvent extracts of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were performed to investigate the antioxidant activities, whitening effect and antimicrobial activity. The content of total polyphenol of fractions from Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara extract showed the highest value ($335.88{\pm}2.26$ mg/g GAE) on ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were 0.06 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL as $IC_{50}$ values on DPPH radical scavenging, and $99.16{\pm}0.09%$ and $89.29{\pm}0.64%$ on ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. Also, reducing power and FRAP value were significantly higher on ethyl acetate fraction. The SOD like activity showed $80.76{\pm}0.61%$ on ethyl acetate and $72.34{\pm}0.79%$ on n-butanol. Tyrosinase inhibition activities (at 5 mg/mL) were $59.08{\pm}0.98%$ on ethyl acetate fraction. The chloroform fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against B. cereus (14 mm), B. subtilis (12.5 mm), S. aureus (10.8 mm), E. coli (20.7 mm) at 0.1 mg/disc and the inhibition zone diameter of ethyl acetate fraction was 17.2 mm against E. coli at 0.5 mg/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of chloroform fraction against B. cereus and E. coli were 50 and $25{\mu}g$/mL, respectively. From these results, it is suggested that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus Hara could be used as functional material for food additive ingredient and chloroform fraction could be suitable for the development of a food preservative.

Effects of Feed Additive as an Alternative for Antibiotics on Growth Performance and Feed Cost in Growing-finishing Pigs (항생제 대체제로서 첨가제가 육성 및 비육돈의 성장능력과 사료비에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong-Duk;Abuel, Sherwin J.;Shim, Keum-Seob
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.233-244
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    • 2010
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate two different types of feed additive as an alternative for antibiotics on growth performance and feed cost in growing and finishing pigs. One additive is an herb extract, with Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as the main component, while the other feed additive contains aminolevulinic acid (ALA). In the first experiment, 128 grower pigs were allotted to 4 different treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 8 pigs per replicate; the trial lasted for 28 days. The positive control group (PC) which is the control group supplemented with antibiotics was significantly higher (p<0.05) in growth rate (580.6 g/d) followed by the ALA group (532.0 g/d), there was no significant differences in terms of feed intake and feed efficiency. There were marginal reductions in feed costs measured as feed cost per head in ALA and HE added diet. However, the feed cost per weight gain of ALA treatment was higher than the control group (PC) supplemented with antibiotics. In the second experiment, 80 finisher pigs were allotted to 4 treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 5 pigs per replicate; the trial lasted for 70 days. The treatment group supplemented with an herb extract (HE) had a significantly higher (p<0.05) feed intake (2,415.8 g/d) compared to the other treatment groups, but there was no significant differences in terms of growth rate and feed efficiency. Feed cost per head in HE and ALA treatments were higher than PC treatment, and feed cost per weight gain of HE was higher than PC treat (p<0.05). The results from these experiments suggests that these two types of feed additives can both be used as an alternative for antibiotics without having a negative effect on the performance of the animals. And aminolevulinic acid was good in performance and production cost of grower and finisher pigs.

Comparison of food involvement scale (FIS) and use intention for block type sauce between US and Japanese consumers (미국과 일본 소비자의 음식관여도와 블록형 소스에 대한 이용의도 비교 분석)

  • Lee, Hojin;Kim, Su Jin;Lee, Min A
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.590-598
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the food involvement scale (FIS) of American and Japanese consumers. In addition, the effects of familiarity, likability, and expectations on willingness to use intentions for block type sauce by nationality were evaluated. Methods: A total of 149 and 112 American and Japanese consumers, respectively, completed the survey. Consumers were asked about familiarity, likability, expectation, willing to use intention, and usage frequency of block type sauce, food involvement scale (FIS), and demographic information. Results: There were differences in the using frequency of block type sauce according to nationality, with consumers in Japan showing significantly higher frequency of using block type sauce than those in the United States (US) (p < 0.001). According to the FIS, US consumers were more focused on how to provide food than food, such as cooking process, table setting, and food shopping, compared to Japanese consumers. In addition, 'expectation' and 'likability' among US consumers and 'expectation' and 'familiarity' among Japanese consumers were positive attributes for willing to use intention (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In the case of the US consumers, 'familiarity' was not significant because the using frequency of the block type sauce was lower than that of Japanese consumers. In the case of the Japanese consumers, 'likability' was not significant because they enjoy cooking itself according to the FIS. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize positive attributes as a key factor for block type sauce, as well as to search for ways to apply marketing strategies based on attributes by nationality.