• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2016

Purpose - Many variables are needed for brand loyalty such as brand attitude, brand attachment, brand love and brand commitment. Thus, we should manage these all variables successfully for strong and differentiated brand equity. This study aims to identify the process of how the brand value propositions affect the brand attitude and brand attachment. This study specially conceptualizes that not only utilitarian value and hedonic value influence the brand attitude but also hedonic value influences the brand attachment. This study focuses on the moderating role of consumer involvement such as cognitive involvement and affective involvement in the causal relationships among brand value propositions, brand attitude, and brand attachment. Research design, data, and methodology - The five hypotheses were proposed and tested in this study. Three hypotheses were about the relationship among the brand value propositions(utilitarian value and hedonic value), brand attitude, and brand attachment. The other two hypotheses were about the moderating effect on consumer involvement in the causal relationships among brand value propositions, brand attitude, and brand attachment. Research data were collected from the students of universities located in Daejeon-Si and Chungchungnam-Do. For the purpose of test the hypotheses empirically, the 208 responses were used. We utilized SPSS18.0 for statistical analysis such as reliability test, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Results - The results show that the utilitarian value and hedonic value have influence on the brand attitude positively. The results also show that the hedonic value has influence on the brand attachment positively. We found that there is a moderating effect on the cognitive involvement in the relationship between the utilitarian value and the brand attitude. However, there is no moderating effect on the affective involvement in the relationship between the hedonic value and brand attachment. In Summary, 4 of 5 hypotheses in this study were supported and 1 hypothesis was not supported. We should identify the reason why the hypothesis 5, the moderating effect of the affective involvement in the relationship between the hedonic value and brand attachment, was rejected in this empirical analysis. Conclusions - Both the utilitarian value and the hedonic value that propose a brand are important for brand attitude. Specially, the hedonic value is important for brand attachment. Companies should provide the consumers with both the utilitarian value and the hedonic value in a balanced way for their favorable brand attitude and strong brand attachment. In the retail industry, the balance between the utilitarian value and the hedonic value is important in that there are many product brands and store brands providing consumers with various benefit and values. Also, there are possibilities that the causal relationships among brand value propositions, brand attitude and brand attachment are moderated by consumer involvement such as cognitive involvement and affective involvement. Companies should understand and consider consumer involvement for their efficient and effective brand management decision making.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2005

Vanillin is one of the world's principal flavoring compounds, and is used extensively in the food industry. The potential vanillin production of the bacteria was compared to select and clone genes which were appropriate for highly productive vanillin production by E. coli. The fcs (feruloyl-CoA synthetase) and ech (enoyl-CoA hydratase/aldolase) genes cloned from Amycolatopsis sp. strain HR104 and Delftia acidovorans were introduced to pBAD24 vector with $P_{BAD}$ promoter and were named pDAHEF and pDDAEF, respectively. We observed 160 mg/L vanillin production with E. coli harboring pDAHEF, whereas 10 mg/L of vanillin was observed with pDAHEF. Vanillin production was optimized with E. coli harboring pDAHEF. Induction of the fcs and ech genes from pDAHEF was optimized with the addition of 13.3 mM arabinose at 18 h of culture, from which 450 mg/L of vanillin was produced. The feeding time and concentration of ferulic acid were also optimized by the supplementation of $0.2\%$ ferulic acid at 18 h of culture, from which 500 mg/L of vanillin was obtained. Under the above optimized condition of arabinose induction and ferulic acid supplementation, vanillin production was carried out with four different types of media, M9, LB, 2YT, and TB. The highest vanillin production, 580 mg/L, was obtained with LB medium, a 3.6 fold increase in comparison to the 160 mg/L obtained before the optimization of vanillin production.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the consumption pattern and perception of traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in male and female adults aged 19 and over in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas in order to promote the development of the products' industry. The survey was conducted between October 1 to October 15, 2011 among 294 male and female adults aged 19 years and over in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. The gender distribution of the subjects was 33.3% males and 66.7% females. For a perception on traditional dietary life, the degree for enjoying meals with cooked rice as the staple food revealed that 32.3% of the subjects responded 'strongly agree'. The intake frequency of traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in the subjects of the study showed that in the case of doenjang, 49.7% of the participants consumed it twice a week and 21.4% consumed it once a week. For gochujang, 59.9% consumed it twice a week and 19.0% consumed it once a week. The perception on the preparation method for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products showed a low level for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products. The reason for purchasing traditional foods showed that 77.6% of the subjects made purchases for convenience and 8.2% purchased it for its small package. For the subjects, the priority for purchasing traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products was as follows: in the first rank, ingredients & origin made up 33.7% and price comprised of 26.2% of the priority. Regarding satisfaction for soy sauce and soybean paste products in the market, the degree of satisfaction was high for gochujang. With regard to gender difference, female subjects showed a significantly lower satisfaction for cheonggukjang and kuk-ganjang, and a significantly higher satisfaction for chin-ganjang, compared to the male subjects. The results of the study depicted that consumer's requirement was high for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste products in the market, particularly for the safety of the products in the market. Consumer satisfaction was relatively positive yet, some efforts are needed in order to improve the quality of cheonggukjang and kuk-ganjang.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1076-1083
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• 2013

Seventeen compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were tested for their antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vitro. Visualization with the cytopathologic effect (CPE) assay and the 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test were used to determine the 50% cytotoxic concentration ($CC_{50}$) and 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) in cultured Marc-145 cells. Among the tested compounds, chlorogenic acid and scutellarin showed potential anti-PRRSV activity. The $EC_{50}$ values were $270.8{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/ml$ and $28.21{\pm}26.0{\mu}g/ml$ and the selectivity indexes were >5.54 and 35.5, respectively. The time-of-addition and virucidal assay indicated that the anti-PRRSV activity of the two compounds could be due to their inhibiting the early stage of virus replication and/or inactivating the virus directly. The inhibition of the virus attachment was not observed in the adsorption inhibition assay. The inhibition ratios of chlorogenic acid and scutellarin were, respectively, 90.8% and 61.1% at the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. The results have provided a basis for further exploration of their antiviral properties and mechanisms in vivo. We believe that the chlorogenic acid and scutellarin have a great potential to be developed as new anti-PRRSV drugs for clinical application.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2003

IAP-3006 원제(지베렐린산)의 SD계 랫드에 대한 아급성 경구 독성시험을 위하여 랫드에 1,000, 10,000과 15,000 ppm의 시험물질을 분말사료에 혼입하는 방법으로 주 5일, 90일간 경구 투여하여 그 독성과 안전성을 조사하였다. 전 시험기간 동안 모든 시험군의 동물에서 어떠한 임상 증상과 사망동물은 관찰되지 않았으며, 또한 체중변화, 사료 음수섭취량, 안과학적 검사, 뇨 검사 및 부검소견에서도 유의성 있는 변화는 보이지 않았다. 비록 혈액학적 검사, 혈액생화학적 검사 및 장기중량에서 유의성 있는 변화를 보였으나 모두 정상 범위에서의 변화이고 용량 의존적으로 나타나지 않았으며, 병리학적 소견에 있어서도 대조군과 비교하여 특이하게 다른 병변은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 IAP-3006 원제는 최고 투여용량인 15,000 ppm 에서도 유의할 만한 독성이 유발되지 않았으므로 안전한 것으로 판단되었으며, 무해용량은 15,000 ppm 이상으로 추정되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 당뇨환자 관리와 관련된 요인을 규명하는데 있다. 2005년 국민건강 영양조사에 참여한 20세 이상의 성인 당뇨환자를 대상으로 하였다. 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 로지스틱 회귀모형, 의사결정나무, 신경망 모형으로 당뇨환자관리모형을 개발한 결과 의사결정나무가 가장 설명력이 뛰어났다. 당뇨인지율과 관련된 요인으로는 연령, 거주지 및 직업이었고 중 연령이 가장 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 당뇨치료율과 관련된 요인으로는 당뇨인지여부, 거주지 및 직업이었고 그 중 당뇨인지여부가 가장 중요한 변수로 나타났다. 당뇨환자의 관리프로그램은 당뇨환자의 특성별 군집으로 분류하고 그에 따라 관리해야 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1413-1420
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• 2014

Phytate is an antinutritional factor that impacts the bioavailability of essential minerals such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Fe^{2+}$ by forming insoluble mineral-phytate salts. These insoluble mineral-phytate salts are hydrolyzed rarely by monogastric animals, because they lack the hydrolyzing phytases and thus excrete the majority of them. The ${\beta}$-propeller phytases (BPPs) hydrolyze these insoluble mineral-phytate salts efficiently. In this study, we cloned a novel BPP gene from a marine Pseudomonas sp. This Pseudomonas BPP gene (PsBPP) had low sequence identity with other known phytases and contained an extra internal repeat domain (residues 24-279) and a typical BPP domain (residues 280-634) at the C-terminus. Structure-based sequence alignment suggested that the N-terminal repeat domain did not possess the active-site residues, whereas the C-terminal BPP domain contained multiple calcium-binding sites, which provide a favorable electrostatic environment for substrate binding and catalytic activity. Thus, we overexpressed the BPP domain from Pseudomonas sp. to potentially hydrolyze insoluble mineral-phytate salts. Purified recombinant PsBPP required $Ca^{2+}$ or $Fe^{2+}$ for phytase activity, indicating that PsBPP hydrolyzes insoluble $Fe^{2+}$-phytate or $Ca^{2+}$-phytate salts. The optimal temperature and pH for the hydrolysis of $Ca^{2+}$-phytate by PsBPP were $50^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. Biochemical and kinetic studies clearly showed that PsBPP efficiently hydrolyzed $Ca^{2+}$-phytate salts and yielded myo-inositol 2,4,6-trisphosphate and three phosphate groups as final products. Finally, we showed that PsBPP was highly effective for hydrolyzing rice bran with high phytate content. Taken together, our results suggest that PsBPP has great potential in the animal feed industry for reducing phytates.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1975

경구투여용 누에 병치료약을 개발하고 이를 임상적으로 적용하려면 필연적으로 이러한 치료약물에 대한 부형제를 생각하지 않을 수 없다. 본인은 이러한 효용의 부형제로서 유당, 카페인 및 요소를 추정하고서 이들 세가지 약제의 경구투여용 누에병치료약의 부형제로서의 응용가능성을 알아보기 위한 기초적 실험을 1974년 춘잠기, 1975년 춘잠기 및 1975년 추잠기의 세차례에 걸쳐 서울대학교 농과대학 잠실에서 실시했다. 1974년 춘잠기에는 4령기 5령기에 걸쳐, 1975년 춘잠기와 추잠기에는 각기 5령기 동안에 유당 카세인 및 요소를 투여량과 투여회수를 달리하면서 누에유충에 투여하여 이들 세가지 약제의 누에유충발육에 미치는 영향과 고치만들기에 미치는 영향을 관찰했다. 유당은 실험관찰 한 모든 조건에 있어서 누에유충발육과 고치만들기에 사실상 아무런 영향도 미치지 않았다. 카세인은 이틀 걸러 한번씩 투여하는 경우는 대체로 무난했으나 모든 투여조건에 있어서 비정상고치의 발생이 비교적 많았다. 그리고 요소는 대체로 모든 투여조건에 있어서 누에유충의 발육을 억제했다. 유당, 카세인 및 요소의 누에유충발육과 고치만들기에 미치는 영향은 누에의 암수별과는 아무런 관계도 없는 것으로 보였다. 이들 세가지 약제의 실험적 누에병 치료에 있어서의 부형제적 효과와 견사품질에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 앞으로 계속해서 검토해 보는 것이 바람직해 보인다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

The study was performed to examine the scaling behavior about dental health. The subjects of this study were 700 workers selected in Daegu. This survey was carried out during 2003. 7. 15 - 2003. 7. 31. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Distribution of respondent's class was male of $53.5\%, female of $46.2\%, and 30's age of $36.2\%, 20's age of $28.2\%. Concerning about dental health was appeared that female was higher rate than male. also, difference was related in their age, working department and residence. 2. In case of no experience to scaling for past 3 years was appeared that male of $67.6\% was higher rate than female of $56.8\%. The frequency of treat scaling was appeared that $46.2\% of the subjects was treated scaling per year. 3. The root cause of no treatment by regular was appeared that 'high expensive' was most high with $38.0\% and 2nd, 'didn't felt importance' was $24.2\%, 3rd 'lack of spare time' was $20.7\%, the last ranking 'only be frightened' was $14.3\%. 4. Method of learning knowledge about scaling was appeared that male and female were similar with their method of it. knowledge level of scaling was learned by internet were higher in worker of 20's age than any other age. also, other difference was related in school career and residence. Opinion about necessity of scaling answer which need or surely need were similar to male of $67.1\% and female of $72.6\%. 5. As for knowledge of scaling was appeared that male of $94.3\% and female of $87.1\% had corrective knowledge. The right answer was significantly different by ages, school career, working department and residence.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

The aim of this paper was to prove that if the risk level in combined tasks was improved through evaluation of postural load of liquid weight measurement process, the workload level and ratio of exposure time would be changed, and the time of process would be seen concurrently. Background: According to results of epidemiological studies conducted by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, 122 musculoskeletal disorders occurred during 1992 to 2008, in which manufacturing industry covers 96(78.7%) of total. However, this is an insufficient level and only occupies 39% based on the South Korea's manufacturing standard industrial classification(246 industries). Method: Firstly, the number of batches weighed on one day(460min) was investigated based on the work performed and Weight measured weekly. VCR recording was taken based on the level of liquid ingredients prescribed for 1batch using the Camcorder. After dividing a 356 sec video into 1 sec using the screen capture function in Gom player, the job classification was performed by analyzing the change of working postures, which revealed 148 working postures. Time measurement was decided by time of the postures was being maintained. Then, the REBA analysis was performed for the working postures. The ratio of Exposure time was calculated based on the measurement time and REBA Score. In addition, the recommendations were designed and implementation was carried out for the working postures with REBA Score higher than 3. Finally, after the intervention, REBA measurement, time measurement, and ratio of exposure time were calculated for the comparison of works before and after improvement. Results: The number of work elements was decreased by 30.4% from 148 to 103 after improvement. The results of time measurement showed that the time was reduced by 46.3% from 356 sec to 191 sec. And the ratio of exposure time was also improved by 52.1% from 0% to 52.1% after improvement. Conclusion: The reduction of time was found to improve the productivity of management. Furthermore, because the reduction of ratio of exposure time and the improvement of workload level are the improvement of discomfort, it would contribute to the improvement of the worker's psychological working posture. Application: These results would contribute to musculoskeletal disease prevention and management performance. Further studies for other industries would be needed based on this case study.