• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

In this study, we consider zone-based registration (ZBR). In the ZBR, when a mobile station (MS) enters a new location area (LA), it registers its location. Among various types of ZBR, we focus on two zone-based registration with outgoing call (TZRC) that is an improved version of the two zone-based registration (TZR). In the TZR, an MS can store two LAs that it registers recently not to register when it crosses two LAs stored already. In general, TZR has better performance than single zone-based registration (SZR). However, since the TZR may increase paging cost, TZRC was proposed to decrease paging cost. Mathematical analysis is performed to obtain the exact performance of SZR, TZR, TZRC. From the numerical results for various circumstances, it is shown that TZRC outperforms TZR and SZR in most cases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

The effects of a green buffer zone to protect a residential area from air pollution from industrial facilities and traffic was examined by analyzing the case of a green buffer zone in the Shiwha industrial complex. The green buffer zone is 175 m wide. The intent was to assess the dispersion patterns of atmospheric air pollutants and the reduction in concentration around the green buffer zone. To measure atmospheric sulfur dioxide$(SO_2)$ and nitrogen dioxide$(NO_2)$ concentration, badge-type passive samplers were used and set up at 76 locations in order to measure the concentration of air pollutants with respect to the spatial dispersion. The weighted mean values of $SO_2\;and\;NO_2$ concentration were $3\~57 ppb\;and\;18\~62 ppb$ and the differences among the green buffer zone, the industrial area and the residential areas were $0.7\~1.1 ppb$. Mean values of atmospheric concentrations of $NO_2$ were similar in industrial and, residential areas and the green buffer zone. Results of the study show that the effect of the green buffer zone on reducing the dispersion of air pollutants was very low. This study also recommends that micro-climate, i.e., wind direction should be considered as a factor for planning and design of green buffer zones.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1996

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate breathing zone air quality in Taegu, using automatic analyzers for four air quality standards($SO_2$, $NO_2$, CO, and $O_3$). First, air target compounds were measured for 8 to 12 hours in each of two commercial areas and five residential areas. Second, air target compounds were hourly measured for 24 hours in each of two commercial areas, two residential areas, and an industrial complex area. Based on the first experiment the breathing zone air was more polluted in the commercial area as compared to the residential area, while the second experiment showed that the breathing zone air was polluted rather in the residential are3 as compared to the commercial area. The second experiment also indicated that there was some variation of breathing zone air concentration with time and measuring sites. Diurnal variation of breathing zone air concentrations was consistent with previous studies which measured at building height. The highest breathing zone air concentration was shown in Seongseo industrial complex area. An unusual finding of this study was that $SO_2$ concentration in the breathing zone air of Bisandong, a typical residential area of Taegu, was higher than that of other residential areas, even higher than that of Seongseo industrial complex area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2017

This study was to build a frame and direction of an analysis of the evaltion of placeness of industrial heritages space, and then to evaluate Beijing 798. First, by studying references, 15 elements in 6 dimensions were derived from the evaluation of placeness of industrial heritage and applied in the evaluation of placeness of Beijing 798 art zone. Second, the changes of Bejing 798 art zone can be classified in 4 steps, latency, quickening, growth, and union, which has been growing from studios with artists to complex cultural art place based on studios and gallery. Third, place characteristics of 798 art zone was analysis with the measurements of morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional, and temporal points. Fourth, a survey was done in order to evaluate placeness of Beijing 798 art zone.In conclusion, the result of the evaluation of placeness of industrial heritages space through Beijing 798 art zone shows that uniqueness and indigenousness are highly valued which verifies that the differentiation from other places and uniqueness are the essential element.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.B
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• pp.103-108
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• 2002

This research was performed to investigate the generation and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid wastes. The results were as follows: i) The generation rate and bulk density were 0.157 kg/cap/d and 147.8 g/L in residential zone, respectively. In non-residential zone, the generation and bulk density were 1.71 kg/cap/d and 85.6 g/L, respectively. Consequently, bulk density of non-residential zone was lower than that of residential zone. ii) The wastes consisted of 90% of combustibles and 10% of incombustibles in residential zone. And the wastes from non-residential zone was composed 85% of combustibles and 15% of incombustibles. iii) Water content was estimated at 47~50% in residential zone and restaurants. In non-residential zone, except restaurants, water content was in the range of 10~30%. Ash content was nearly 10% in overall zone.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.689-703
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• 1996

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of zone-based registration. First, we propose a mobility function for single zone-based registration. And we establish the circumstances of multiple zone-based registration, which is based on the mobility function for single zone-based registration, and perform simulation programs for the circumstances. Using the simulation results, we obtain optimal N, the number of multiple zones which minimizes signalling traffic in radio channels. Results show that in most cases optimal N is 2. Multiple zone-based registration has less signalling traffic in radio channels than single zone-based registration and zone-based registration must be implemented as multiple zone-based registration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing situation of the green buffer zone in the large scale industrial site and other major residential apartment areas. In this study, it is specifically intended that the planning guideline be upgraded to adopt future landuse trends and thus to suggest design criteria for management of the buffer zone. The framework of the analysis is to review the current landuse, noise reduction, ecological implications and landscape in general. Although the major function of a green buffer zone is considered to protect the residential area from various hazards of industrial, traffic, and visual environment, the situation is that most of the zones are maintained at a minimum level of services by local government. The study carried out intensively almost every type of case studied throughout the country, which implies that the management of the green buffer zone should be expanded physically enough to function for its original objectives. The study recommends that ecological management of the green buffer zone be emphasized and therefore the criteria for this purpose as well as noise issue should be developed prior to the landuse aspects. The study suggests specific guidelines for planning and design for the green buffer zone development. This study should be verified positively through the sustainable monitoring and requires nationwide and overall examination so that it may be applied to whole green spaces.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2011

This paper considers a problem of locating both distribution centers and retailers in a zone-dependent two-level distribution network where either a distribution center or a retailer should be located in each zone. Customer demands of each zone should be satisfied directly from either its own distribution center or its own retailer being supplied from a distribution center of another zone. The objective of the proposed problem is to minimize total cost being composed of distribution center/retailer setup costs and transportation costs. In the analysis, the problem is proved to be NP-hard, so that a branch-and-bound algorithm is derived for the problem. Numerical experiments show that the proposed branch-and-bound algorithm provides the optimal solution efficiently for some small problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 1992

A study of the precipitation process of Al-Li binary alloy at low ageing temperature has been carried by electrical resistivity measurement. Two types of G.P.zones were formed during ageing at low temperature. G.P. (1) zone and G.P. (2) zone have been formed primarily at ageing temperature below $60^{\circ}C$ and at ageing temperature range of $80^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore the precipitation process of Al-Li binary alloy was as follows; G.P.(1) zone ${\rightarrow}$ G.P.(2) zone ${\rightarrow}{\delta}^{\prime}{\rightarrow}{\delta}$ G.P. (1) zone might be affected by excess vacancies, but G.P. (2) zone might be affected by secondary defects. clusters and Li-vacancy pairs. The activation energy for formation of G.P. (2) zone is 0.87eV. It is lower than that of Al-Cu alloy.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.29 no.A
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

In this paper, an numerical approach is performed to investigate the effects of smear zone, occurred by penetrating vertical drains, on consolidation behavior of soft clay deposits. Such a numerical analysis is applied to the field condition to confirm its applicability. Parametric numerical analyses is carried out to study influencing factors such as permeability in smear zone, boundary of smear zone and discharge capacity of vertical drains on the consolidation of soil. As results of analyses, for the given conditions of soil, degree of consolidation is getting faster with increase of permeability of vertical drain. Degree of consolidation is delayed with decrease of permeability of smear zone. As the ratio of drain width to smear zone increases, the degree of consolidation decreases. Proposed values of influencing factors by previous researchers is found to be reliable from results of numerical analyses with Cam-clay model.