• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.389-400
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• 2020

A construction project is a designed product made up of labors, materials, and installations in the project positioned on the ground and may include the underground and ground section, and the section in water or on the water surface. It is a civil, industrial, transport, agricultural and rural development, infrastructure, or some other. A key phase in the life cycle of these construction projects is the implementation when building products are made directly with workers, equipment, materials, and managers. If there is a lack of management experience, information, and problem-solving solutions to tackle the risks faced by contractors, especially foreign ones, will fail in controlling the project's cost. This study was conducted with investigations, discussions, and evaluation of the factors that lead to cost overruns in the construction projects of international contractors in Vietnam. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that those factors that influence cost overruns these construction projects fall into five general groups, including factors related to (i) the owners, (ii) the foreign contractors, (iii) the subcontractors and suppliers, (iv) state management, and (v) the project itself. Besides, the study proposes solutions to limit cost overruns in construction projects and improve the profitability of international contractors in Vietnam.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 1997

The Korean fashion industry is composed of originality, technique and business management. It is going to be the main role in the living and cultural industry in 21th century as a strategic advanced industry. On the other hand, more than 15,000 persons who majored in correlated fashion are graduated from universities, colleges, and fashion schools every year. But professional and competent persons specialized in clothings are very insufficient. So cultivation of the talented for fashion industry must be suitablely and differentially carried out, according to regional distinction or characteristics of each university, college level, institute and so on. At same time, it is for the subdivided professional educations in fashion field, also. Education institutions related fashion have to practice not only theory but also field-oriented education of fashion industry. The fashion enterprise must invest resolutely in reeducations for incoming and reading employees, too. Briefing the program of cultivating the competent as follows : (1) The execution of certification programes based on professional job series. (2) Cultivation of the talent by cooperation of industry and educational field. (3) Upbringing the specialists who have both abilities of foreign language and living cultural profession. (4) Establishment of a base oriented north-east Asia as the central fashion business. (5) Efficient using of multi-media. (6) Innovation of technology. (7) Preferential treatment of skilled labors apparel industry field. (8) Establishment of the Korean Society of Fashion Business for a bridge of industrial-educational complex and government, for cultivation of the talent. The programs of 'cultivation of the talent' must be differed from to whom', 'what', 'how long'. But the commonness in all is to need the stimulative education and creativity. Through it, 'what and how think' and 'how application' to all directions is acquired.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.363-374
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• 2003

There is very high preference for the firms to locate in the Capital region, the City of Seoul and its surrounding areas, which inevitably meets diverse types of regulations to prevent over-concentration in Korea. In order to suggest an urgent need to reform these regulations, the demand for knowledge-based industries is estimated. A legit model is employed to estimate the demand of relocation of the current firms based on a survey conducted in 2001. A logistic curve is used to forecast the demand of new start-ups in Korea. The lands for industrial use only are estimated as many as 2.1 million~3.9 million pyung(1 pyung=3.3$m^2$) in nation-wide. Considering affiliate facilities and infrastructures, 3.1 million~5.9 million of industrial area should be developed in Korea for next five years. Since the rents are very high and the available land is short in the southern parts of Seoul, where most knowledge-based firms locate right now. Many firms have considered relocating on any other places where there exist a plenty of lands available and cheaper rents and cheaper wage rates, but still not far away from Seoul so that they could obtain new advanced information, skilled labors, venture capitals, and high quality of producer services. The Capital region, especially Gyeonggi and Incheon, is the only place to meet those conditions in Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate practical application status of oral hygiene devices through making a survey of labor of the D industrial company-about carefully curing oral disease in home, the status of practical application of tooth brush, the status of practical application of fluoridated toothpaste, status of practical application of auxiliary oral hygiene devices, a motive use or unuse of auxiliary oral hygiene devices. 1. In home, carefully curing oral disease is dental caries(62.4%). 2. Status of practical application toothbrush showed the highest user ratio of mideum size(79.6%). 3. Showed the highest user ratio of horizontal plane toothbrush(73.5%). 4. Answerd don't take a prudent attitued in choice of fluoridated toothpaste(73.5%). 5. In the status of reconition of oral hygiene devices, showed the highest user ratio of eletric toothbrush(77.0%). 6. In the status of reconition of auxiliary oral hygiene devices, showed the highest user ratio of wooden wedge stimulator(89.4%)and gargle liquid(84.5%). In using of oral hygiene devices, showed the highest user ratio of electric toothbrush(13.3%), toohbrush for periodontal patients(2.7%). In using of auxiliary, wooden wedge stimulator (58.4%)and gargle liquid(41.2%). In effect using of oral hygiene devices showed the highest user ratio of denture brush(50.0%)and eletric toothbrush(43.3%), in effect using of auxiliary oral hygiene devices showed the highest user ratio of water pick(80.0%) and dental floss(75.8%). 6. A motive of the use auxiliary oral hygiene device is choice by oneself through TV, advertisement, public information(57.6%), and the reason-they don't use of auxiliary oral hygiene devicebecause of they don't know proper to them the kind of auxiliary oral hygiene device.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-43
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• 2009

An ideology what a modern society seeks is lifelong employment through lifelong learning. The single word which draws the attainment is lifelong vocational competency development. This study is designed for exploring its possibility and limit of a redesign of it, and tries to propose efficiently a redesign idea of a vocational educational path. To this end, it was analyzed by a subject for a national human resource foundation plan and a lifelong bocational competency development foundation plan. In addition to that, it was covered a structure and content analysis of main laws and regulations which are a base of policy making. An educational path could be divided into an area of formal education system, an area of workplace for labors, and an area of lifelong vocational competency development. And the insights were drawn by pulling apart an operational situation of main organizations and a recurrent process of the educational path. The redesign plan of a vocational education path we did analyze to activate lifelong vocational competency development system is deduced as following. Firstly, it should be re-organized with a direction towards an effective manpower training to be linked with skills and demands required by an industry. Secondly, it should be generalized for a model of recurrence between work and learning and its alternation for lifelong vocational competency development. Thirdly, it should create a cluster in the region for lifelong vocational competency development so that it is to form an efficient network to have a division of labor and its liaison with cooperative relationship.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.698-712
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• 2004

As EU's enlargement toward Central and Eastern countries, it is expected to change of the economic activity space of EU. This paper aims to examine the changing of economic activity space of EU with a locational analysis of foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern countries. The foreign enterprises, particularly EU's firms are increasing the direct investment in the Central and Eastern countries from the middle 1990's for a raising of the efficiency of production and a prior occupation of the potential market. The foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe has a tendency to concentrate in Poland, Hungary, Czech and Slovakia, which has relatively a large market, a cheap and plentiful labor, a stable political system and a positive inviting policy of foreign direct investment. And, the foreign direct investment shows a tendency to locate generally in a big city, which has a advantageous production factors by a well-developed infrastructure and a regional industrial organization, a skilled labors, a market, etc., and in a border area between East and West Europe because of a cheap and plentiful labor, a similar cultural environment and the low cost of transportation. In conclusion, as an integration of the Central and Eastern countries into EU, the capital territories of Hungary, Czech and Poland, and the border area between East and West Europe is becoming a new economic activity space of EU with a location of foreign direct investment. And. the Baltic zone is also expect to become a new economic activity space according to the augmentation of exchanges and direct investment inter near countries.