• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2001

We measured x-ray magnetic circular dichroism of Co films on Pd(111) surface with and without Pd capping layer at the Co L$_2$,$_3$ edges. Perpendicular magnetization and orbital-moment enhancement are induced by the capping layer. The increase of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced by capping layer is considered to result from the increase of surface anisotropy due to the hybridization at the surface.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.90-92
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• 2009

This study examined the current-induced spin wave excitation in asymmetric nanopillar junctions with a stack sequence of 20 nm Pt/10 nm Cu/7 nm NiFe/300 nm Cu, and a circular lateral dimension of 240 nm. An analysis of the magnetic and magnetotransport characteristics of the junction showed a possible spin transfer effect at this sample dimension when the magnetization was switched from a vortex state to another state. This finding is expected to help improve the understanding of the spin transfer torque phenomenon in nanopillar junctions.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.1241-1242
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• 2006

Electromagnetic properties of $CeO_2$ doped and undoped YBaCuO superconductors were evaluated to investigate the effect of pinning center on the magnetization and magnetic shielding. The variation $\DeltaM$ with doping was maximum for 3% doping and decrease with further doping. The magnetic shielding was evaluated by measuring the induced voltage in secondary coil and the voltage initially set to 0.5V, decreased to 0.17V and 0.28V respectively for the undoped and 3% $CeO_2$ doped sample. The much less change in the induced voltage for the 3% doped sample is attributed to the increased flux shielding by shielding vortex current. The $CeO_2$ was converted to fine $BaCeO_3$ particles which were trapped in YBaCuO superconductor during the reaction sintering. The trapped fine particles, $BaCeO_3$ may be acted as a flux pinning center.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 합성형 반강자성 결합 특성을 갖는 CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB 박막 재료에서 자화용이축에서 측정한 플롭자기장($H_F$)과자화곤란축에서 측정한 포화자기장(Hs)을 경계로 달라지는 토오크 신호를 분석하였다. HF의 자기장 세기에서 음의 일축이방성 특성이 최소가 되며, 이는 반강자성 결합에 의한 자화 상쇄 효과로 강자성층의 자화용이축이 곤란축과 같은 역할을 하기 때문이다. $H_F$ < H < $H_s$의 자기장의 세기에서는 두 강자성층이 형성한 자화방향의 사이각이 증가하면서 쌍축이방성 특성을 유도시킨다. 이러한 쌍축이방성 유도 특성은 두 강자성층의 자화가 서로 수직이 되는 자기장의 세기에서 최대가 된다. 한편 자기장의 세기가 $H_s$ 이상에서는 CoFeB의 고유한 일축이방성 특성을 보인다. 이러한 자기이방성 특성은 두 강자성층의 반강자성 결합에 의한 자화 특성을 반영하고 있음을 Stoner-Wohlfarth 모델 분석을 통하여 알 수 있다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn/NiFe/Cu/NiFe 이중구조 GMR-SV 박막의 열처리 조건에 의존하는 자기등방성 영역분포 특성을 조사하였다. 진공 챔버내에서 이중구조 GMR-SV 박막을 후열처리 온도를 조절하여 면상에서 강자성체 층의 자화용이축 회전을 유도하였다. 자유층과 고정층의 자화용이축 방향에 의존하는 이중구조 GMR-SV 박막의 자기저항곡선은 외부자기장의 각도를 $0^{\circ}$에서 $360^{\circ}$까지 변화시킨 후 외부자기장의 세기에 따라서 측정하였다. 후열처리 온도가 $107^{\circ}C$일 때, 외부자기장의 방향이 $0^{\circ}$에서 $90^{\circ}$까지 영역에서 자장감응도가 약 1.52 %/Oe인 자기등방성 특성을 보였다. 이러한 특성은 고정층과 자유층을 형성하는 강자성층들이 면상에서 서로 직교한 결과임을 나타내며, 자기등방성 GMR-SV 박막 소자는 임의 방향으로 자화된 마이크로 자성비드를 검출할 수 있는 고감도 바이오센서로 사용할 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 1994

밀링 및 화학적 처리에 의해 제조된 소재의 구조해석 및 자기적 특성은 X선회절, 투과 전자현미경, 쾨스바우어 분광 및 비탄성 중성자산란 등의 측정에 의해 조사되었다. 질화처리에 의해 제조된 ${\gamma}'-Fe_{4}N$분말의 기계적 밀링처리에 의해, 대부분의 fcc ${\gamma}'-Fe_{4}N$상은 밀링 초기단계에 bct ${\alpha}'-Fe(N)$상으로 변태를 하며, 이러한 변태는 응력유기 마르텐사이트 변태로 규정지을 수 있다. 밀링처리에 제조한 bct ${\alpha}'-Fe(N)$ 초미세 분말의 열처리에 의해 673~773 K의 온도범위에서 ${\alpha}'-Fe_{16}N_{2}$상이 부분적으로 생성되며, 이로 인해 포화자화값이 증가한다. Mn-45, 70, 85 at.% Al의 조성으로 혼합한 분말은 기계적 합금화에 의해, Al은 부분적으로 ${\alpha}-Mn$상에 고용된다. 이로 인해 ${\alpha}-Mn$형 Mn-Al합금의 자기적 성질은 상자성에서 강자성으로 특성이 변하며, 특히 밀링처리한 Mn-70 at.% Al 계에 있어서 포화자화값은 11 emu/g을 나타낸다. 한편, 밀링처리한 Mn-85 at.% Al계에서 화학적 추출법을 이용하는 것에 의해 skeleton-type의 순 ${\alpha}-Mn$분말상을 제조한 결과 포화자화값은 36 emu/g으로 급격히 증가하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.323-326
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• 2001

NI$_2$MnGa-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMA) are hoped to be used as robust actuators with high performance and power density, as a replacement of other actuation materials such as thermo-mechanical SMAs and mechanical-electric piezoelectrics. Recently, we have observed significant shape changes under magnetic field application when single- and poly-crystalline forms are used. In the present study, two mechanisms have been proposed to predict the magnetic field-induced shape change as a function of external magnetic field at temperatures below Mr and above Ar. In the case of the field-induced shape change at temperature below M$_{f}$, paired martensite variants are assumed to form by application of magnetic field. The direction of magnetization in martensites formed in austenite matrix is assumed to be parallel to the applied magnetic field in the case of shape change by application at temperature above Af. Various energies has been considered in the shape change under two mechanisms.s.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.162-162
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• 2013

Magnetic properties of 3d transition metals were determined by exchange interaction between magnetic ions that was characterized by the exchange integral. Bulk Mn material is one of transition metals that have been well known as an anti-ferromagnetic material due to an anti-parallel spin with negative exchange integral. Here we report on the MBE growth of Mn on $BaTiO_3$ (001) substrate and induced ferromagnetism. The bcc ${\alpha}$-Mn single crystal film has been grown on $BaTiO_3$ (100) substrate. The XRD and Raman results indicated that the structural phase transitions of $BaTiO_3$ substrate induced a lattice distortion at the interface. Consequently, the grown Mn film exhibits ferromagnetism with strong saturation magnetization of 495 emu/$cm^3$ at 320 K. The electrical resistivity of the Mn film strongly depended on the crystal structure of $BaTiO_3$ substrate.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.422-432
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• 2002

Mechanically driven decomposition of intermetallics during mechanical milling(MM 1 was investigated. This process for Fe-Ce and Fe-Sn system was studied using conventional XRD, DSC, magnetization and alternative current susceptibility measurements. Mechanical alloying and milling form products of the following composition (in sequence of increasing Gecontent): $\alpha$(${\alpha}_1$) bcc solid solution, $\alpha$+$\beta$-phase ($Fe_{2-x}Ge$), $\beta$-phase, $\beta$+FeGe(B20), FeGE(B20), FeGe(B20)+$FeGe_2$,$FeGe_2$,$FeGe_2$+Ge, Ge. Incongruently melting intermetallics $Fe_6Ge_5$ and $Fe_2Ge_3$ decompose under milling. $Fe_6Ge_5$ produces mixture of $\hat{a}$-phase and FeGe(B20), $Fe_2Ge_3$ produces mixture of FeGe(B20) and $FeGe_2$ phases. These facts are in good agreement with the model that implies local melting as a mechanism of new phase for-mation during medchanical alloying. Stability of FeGe(B20) phase, which is also incongruently melting compound, is explained as a result of highest density of this phase in Fe-Ge system. Under mechanical milling (MM) in planetary ball mill, FeSn intermetallic decomposes with formation $Fe_5Sn_3$ and $FeSn_2$ phases, which have the biggest density among the phases of Fe-Sn system. If decomposition degree of FeSn is relatively small(<60%), milled powder shows superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. For this case, magnetization curves can be fitted by superposition of two Langevin functions. particle sizes for ferromagnetic $Fe_5Sn_3$ phase determined from fitting parameters are in good agreement with crystalline sizes determined from XRD data and remiain approximately chageless during MM. The decomposition of FeSn is attributed to the effects of local temperature and local pressure produced by ball collisions.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2010

We have investigated the effects of post annealing on iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the novel hydrothermal synthesis method with the $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. To investigate the post annealing effect, the as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were annealed at different temperatures in a vacuum chamber. The morphological, structural and magnetic properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated with high resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. According to the XRD and HRTEM analysis results, as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were only magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) phase with face-centered cubic structure but post annealed iron oxide nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ were mainly magnetite phase with trivial maghemite ($\gamma-Fe_2O_3$) phase which was induced in the post annealing treatment. The crystallinity of the iron oxide nanoparticles is enhanced by the post annealing treatment. The particle size of the as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles was about 5 nm and the particle shape was almost spherical. But the particle size of the post annealed iron oxide nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ was around 25 nm and the particle shape was spherical and irregular. The as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior, but post annealed iron oxide nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ did not show superparamagnetic behavior due to the increase of particle size by post annealing treatment. The saturation of magnetization of the as-synthesized nanoparticles, post annealed nanoparticles at $500^{\circ}C$, and post annealed nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ was found to be 3.7 emu/g, 6.1 emu/g, and 7.5 emu/g, respectively. The much smaller saturation magnetization value than one of bulk magnetite can be attributed to spin disorder and/or spin canting, spin pinning at the nanoparticle surface.