• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

The feasibility of lead removal by electrolytic coprecipitation was investigated. Electrolysis bath was divided into anode and cathode chamber with anion exchange resin filled membrane. Sea water was electrolyzed and pH of the electrolyte in cathode chamber was increased. Consequently it induced the formation of $Mg(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$. The colloidal type precipitates, hich have high surface area, adsorbed lead ions in sea water and coprecipitated. Sea water electrolyses were conducted at different current density. Concentrations of Mg, Ca and Pb in the solution were measured with titration and ASV method. Morphology and crystallography were analyzed with SEM, EDS and XRD. As pH and current density increased, most of lead ions in the sea water were successfully removed.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2013

We measure solar currents transformed from quantum efficiency as a function of incident angles of solar lights. According to conventional models for solar cells, solar currents can be induced when electrons are separated into electrons and holes in the presence of incident solar lights. On the contrary, solar currents can be possible at the time when pinned charge density waves go beyond the pinning potential barrier under the influence of incident solar beams suggested by some authors. In this experiment, measured solar currents and our theory are in good correspondence to confirm the angle dependence of solar lights.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.327.1-327.1
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• 2016

모바일 기기의 폭발적 증가세로 인해 플래시 메모리의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 낸드 플래시 메모리는 적은 전력 소모량과 높은 전기적 효율 때문에 많은 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 반면에 stress-induced leakage current, positive-charge-assisted tunneling, thermally-assisted tunneling 등의 문제로 신뢰성이 저하되는 문제가 발생한다. 프로그램/이레이즈 동작이 반복되면 소자에서 발생하는 에러의 발생비율이 늘어나 신뢰성이 저하되게 된다. 비록 신뢰성 저하 메커니즘에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어졌으나, 워드라인 스트레스에 의한 프로그램 특성 저하에 대한 구체적인 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 플래시 메모리의 워드라인 스트레스로 인한 전기적 특성 감소 현상을 보기 위해, 플로팅 게이트의 두께를 변화시키면서, electron density와 depletion region 의 변화를 관찰하였다. 낸드 플래시 메모리의 전기적 특성을 멀티 오리엔테이션 모델을 포함한 3차원 TCAD 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 계산하였다. 프로그램/이레이즈 동작이 증가함에 따라, 플로팅 게이트에 공핍영역이 생기고, 블로킹 옥사이드와 게이트 사이에 의도하지 않은 트랩이 생기게 된다. 이로 인해 프로그램/이레이즈 동작이 증가함에 따라, 플로팅 게이트의 electron density가 감소하는 경향을 보았다. 이 연구 결과는 낸드 플래시 메모리 소자에서 신뢰성을 향상시키고 프로그램 특성을 증진시키는데 도움이 된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2004

Vibration table is required to obtain high packing density in expendable pattern casting process. Packing density. which is an important manufacture factor, depends on the vibration pattern induced by vibration table. In general, circular vibration pattern is recognized as the best pattern. The existing vibration table is investigated to identify current vibration pattern and consider a countermeasure. Modal test is utilized to identify the dynamic characteristics of vibration table, and finite element method is used to propose the improved design. In simulation using finite element method, the position of stiffeners is obtained to satisfy the required dynamic characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.160-165
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• 2002

Vibration table is required to obtain high packing density in expendable pattern casting process. Packing density, which is an important manufacture factor, depends on the vibration pattern induced by vibration table. In general, circular vibration pattern is recognized as the best pattern. The existing vibration table is investigated to identify current vibration pattern and consider a countermeasure. Modal test is utilized to identify the dynamic characteristics of vibration table, and finite element method is used to present the improved design.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.8 no.3B
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• pp.368-375
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• 1999

The Maxwell equation and the transformer equivalent-circuit model are applied to a radio frequency planar inductively coupled plasma. The spatial distribution of the vector potential, the magnetic field, and the electric field are obtained analytically. As a result, the plasma current, the mutual inductance between the coil and the plasma, and the self inductance of plasma are found to increase with increasing skin depth. The spatial distribution of absorbed power has maximum where the antenna coil exists, and has a similar profile to that of the induced electric field. The power transfer efficiency is found to increase with increasing gas pressure before a saturation around p+ 20mTorr, while it shows an increase with the plasma density before a slight decrease around a density of $5\times10^{11}/\textrm{cm}^3$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.322.2-322
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• 2002

Vibration table is required to obtain high packing density in lost form casting process. Packing density, which is important manufacture factor, depends on the vibration pattern induced by vibration table. In general, circular vibration pattern is recognized as the best pattern. The existing vibration table is investigated to identify current vibration pattern and consider a countermeasure. Modal test is utilized to identify the dynamic characteristics of vibration table, and finite element method is used to present the improved design

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2003

1) Using a developed high-frequency induction heated sintering method, the rapid densification of WC-Co hard materials was accomplished using ultra fine powders with 260 nm size within 1 minute. 2) The relative density of the composite was 99.5% for the applide pressure of 60MPa and the induced current for 90% output of total capacity. 3) The grain size of WC-Co hard materials is about 260nm and the average thickness of the binder phase determined is about 11nm. The fracture toughness and the hardness of this work 12 $MPa{\cdot}nm^2$, respectively. 4) Using pressureless sintering, we produced dense WC-Co hard materials with a relative density of 97% without applying pressure.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1393-1398
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• 2018

We have investigated Bernal-stacked tetralayer graphene as a function of interlayer distance and perpendicular electric field by using density functional theory calculations. The low-energy band structure was found to be very sensitive to the interlayer distance, undergoing a metal-insulator transition. It can be attributed to the nearest-layer coupling that is more sensitive to the interlayer distance than are the next-nearest-layer couplings. Under a perpendicular electric field above a critical field, six electric-field-induced Dirac cones with mass gaps predicted in tight-binding models were confirmed, however, our density functional theory calculations demonstrate a phase transition to a quantum valley Hall insulator, contrasting to the tight-binding model prediction of an ordinary insulator.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

Electromigration Phenomena in Al-1%Si thin film interconnections under DC and PDC conditions were investigated. Thin film interconnections with $SiO_2$ and PSG/$SiO_2$ dielectric passivation layer were formed by a standard photolithography process method and test line lengths were 100, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The current density of $1.19\times10^7\textrm{A/cm}^2$ was stressed in Al-1%Si thin film interconnections under DC condition. The current density of $1.19\times10^7\textrm{A/cm}^2$ was also applied under PDC condition at the frequency of 1 Hz with the duty factor of 0.5. The electromigration resistance of PSG/SiO2 dielectric passivation test line was stronger than $SiO_2$ dielectric passivation test line. The lifetime under PDC was 2-4 times longer than DC condition. As the thin film interconnection line increased, the lifetime decreased and saturated over the critical length. Failure patterns by an electromigration were dominated by void-induced electrical open and hillock-induced electrical short.