• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2009

Recently, in accordance with the interesting on well-being as well as the revitalization of living athletics, it is current tendency that people who use the swimming pools are on increasing. However, because the most of indoor swimming pools have ever used the reflection finishing materials likely as the tile due to the property of its hydrophilic space, the inside of indoor swimming pool is vibrating too much, and some problem which the voice and music do not delivering clearly is occurring when swimming lessons or underwater aerobics(synchronized swimming) and swimming game. Based on such viewpoint, locating the object on actually built indoor swimming pool, this Study has ever grasped its physical acoustic property, and finally designed the indoor swimming pool that contains an optimum acoustic condition, by remodelling it through an acoustic simulation. It is considered that such study result could be utilized as the useful materials when constructing the similar indoor swimming pool, hereafter.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.683-689
• /
• 2003

The thermal comfort of an indoor swimming pool is different from that of general indoor space because of the characteristics of large space and the wear conditions of swimmers. Dew condensation by humid air not only makes mold on the floor, wall and roof but also decreases the durability of buildings by penetrating into their structures. In this study, the characteristics of the flow field, the temperature field and the humidity distribution in an indoor swimming pool have been examined by the numerical method to estimate the level of thermal comfort and the generation rate of dew condensation. The results showed that the dew condensation regions were spread widely at the eastern parts of the swimming pool due to the insufficient air flow rate with low velocity and temperature. To prevent the generation of dew condensation in a region, a sufficient warm air flow rate should be supplied to make an air mixing. The values of PMV at horizontal plane of 1.5 m height have the range of -1.0∼1.2, which means the suitable level for swimmers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.720-724
• /
• 2007

Recently, in accordance with increase of the desire for Sports for All(Life Sports), the swimming pools in many areas are under construction. However, since they used many of the reflexible finish-materials on account of the characteristics of hydrophilic space, most of the Indoor Swimming Pools are generating the excessive reverberation. Such reverberation is bringing about the problem that obstructs the oral communication between the coach and the player, and the Clearness of Sound, besides the sport activity. On this viewpoint, on the object of the actually built indoor swimming pool, after the conduct of an optimized acoustics design by the remodeling through a computer simulation, and by carrying out the Psycho-Acoustics Experiment utilizing of Auralization Technique which is able to experience Virtual Sound Field at the stage of designing, then this thesis has attempted to appraise on the acoustic condition after the completion of construction. It is considered that such result of the study could be utilized as the useful data that enables to improve the curtailment effect of construction cost as well as the acoustic capability, by means of the presupposition control on the acoustic problem from the stage of design, for the occasion when the similar indoor swimming pool is planning to build, henceforth.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to explore current status of children's swimming pool in Korea and to generate insights regarding safety management of children's swimming pool. Research design, data, and methodology: The study reviewed literatures including documents of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and sport facility-related articles. Furthermore, the study collected additional statistics via search engines. Results: First, numbers of swimming pools have been dramatically increased since 2016 and Korea experienced an increase of 37% from 2010 to 2019. Of the 611 indoor swimming pools, most swimming pools are located in Gyeonggi province with 27.7% (n=169). Seoul and Gyeonggi-do have the highest proportion of swimming pools in Korea. Second, in types of swimming pools, 47.6%(n=291) was children's swimming pool which is the highest proportion in the nation. Children's swimming pools are also mostly located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province with 57%. Third, of 372 profit swimming pools, children's pools show the highest number with 78%(n=291). Conclusions: Children's swimming pools are picking up faster than the other types of swimming pool. Yet, safety-related studies are still lack. This provides motivations to produce managerial insights from academia and business sectors. Moreover, more studies of legal issues should be conducted. Implications were discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.150-158
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study is designed to measure the concentration of DBPs (disinfection by-products) in pool water and in air and to estimate the carcinogenic potential through the evaluation of inhalation exposure. Methods: The subjects were six indoor swimming pools with many users in Gwangju. Samples of pool water and indoor air were taken every one month from August 2018 to August 2019 and analyzed for eight swimming pool standards. Three-liter air samples were collected and the VOCs were analyzed using GC/MS directly connected to thermal desorption. Results: pH was 6.8-7.5 and the concentration of free residual chlorine in pool water was 0.40-0.96 ?/ℓ. Physicochemical test items such as KMnO₄ consumption and heavy metal items such as Aluminum met existing pool hygiene standards. No VOC materials were detected except for the DBPs. The concentration of THMs in the pool water was 11.05-41.77 ㎍/L and the THMs mainly consist of Chloroform (63-97%) and BDCM (3-31%). The concentration of indoor air THMs is 13.24-32.48 ㎍/㎥ and consists of Chloroform. The results of carcinogenic assessment of chloroform in the indoor swimming pool via inhalation exposure were 2.0 to 6.4 times higher than the 'acceptable risk level' suggested by the US EPA. Conclusions: The concentration of THMs in the pool water is 11.05-41.77 ㎍/L, most of which is chloroform. In addition, the concentration of indoor air THMs is 13.24-32.48 ㎍/㎥. The result of carcinogenic assessment of chloroform was 2.0 to 6.4 times higher than the 'acceptable risk level' suggested by the US EPA.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.1092-1101
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study is to develop energy saving strategies for indoor swimming pools and to estimate the effect of each energy saving strategy. For this purpose, field measurements regarding pool water heating energy, domestic hot water heating energy are conducted and a base energy consumption model is implemented using the DOE-2.1E program. The results of the study reveal that 25% of the total pool water heating energy may be saved by using night time pool covers, 27% of the total domestic hot water heating energy may be saved by using a waste water heat recovery system (effic. 60%), and of the total ventilation energy may be saved using an exhaust air heat recovery system (effic. 60%).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate skin and eye symptoms according to swimming pool user characteristics and chlorine concentration at indoor swimming pools in the Daegu region. Methods: A total of 296 swimming pool users were enrolled from the eight swimming pools randomly chosen in Daegu. Each user completed a self-administered questionnaire with general, swimming related, and symptoms suffered throughout December 2008 to August 2009. The water analysis of swimming pools was substituted with the swimming pool water analysis practiced by district offices to 2008. Results: There were significant differences in experience rate of self-reported skin and eye symptoms between coaches and students except dander. The users of swimming pools having higher chlorine concentrations suffered from more frequent skin and eye symptoms. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for experience of skin symptoms showed that coaches (OR = 6.81, 95% CI: 2.46~18.81) and pools with chlorine concentrations over 0.4 mg/l (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.01~3.03) were the significant variables. For experience of eye symptoms, coaches (OR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.25~13.69) at a swimming pool was the significant variable. Conclusions: Increased exposure to swimming pool water and exposure to swimming pool showed that higher chlorine concentration may cause more frequent skin and eye symptoms.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.402-410
• /
• 2010

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the air quality surrounding an indoor swimming pool, to estimate the cancer risk based on the airborne exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), and to examine the ventilation efficiency by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Chlorine and THMs were measured poolside, and in the staff room and reception area. The indoor swimming pool was modeled using the Airpak program, with ventilation drawings and actual survey data. Temperature, flow and mean age of the air were analyzed. Levels of chlorine poolside, and in the staff room, and reception area were $203\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $5\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $10\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant THM in all sampling sites and mean concentrations were $16.30\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.51\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.06\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, in the staff room and reception area, respectively. Bromodichloromethane and Dibromochloromethane levels were respectively estimated as $10.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$ poolside, $1.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $0.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the staff room, and were not detected in the reception area. The cancer risks from inhalation exposure to THMs were estimated between $3.37{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.84{\times}10^{-5}$. A short circulation phenomenon was observed from the supply air vents to the exhaust air vents located in the ceiling. A high temperature layer was formed within one meter of the ceiling, and a low temperature layer was formed under this layer due to the low velocity and high temperature of the supply air, and the improper locations of the supply air vents and exhaust air vents. The stagnation was evident at the above adult pool and the mean age of the air was 22 minutes. Disinfection by-products in the indoor swimming pool were present in higher concentrations than in the outdoor air. In order to increase the removal of pollutants, adjustment was required of the supply air volume and the supply/exhaust position.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2018

This study is empirically intended to look into the effects of HVAC management on condensation cause and prevention in indoor swimming pools. The findings are summarized as follows. First, the experience of condensation in indoor swimming pools showed that 132 out of 142 people in total experienced the condensation in indoor swimming pools, which they had a high experience rate of 92.3%. For the location of condensation, the wall joints were 46.8% and the windows were 34.5%, which a total of 72.3% occurred in the wall joints and windows. Second, the effect of construction design, HVAC management and building construction on the cause of condensation in indoor swimming pools showed that building construction had an effect on the cause and location of condensation depending on the seasonal time, partially adopting hypothesis 1. Third, the effect of condensation-causing factors on condensation-preventing factors in indoor swimming pools showed that condensation had a close relationship with air and temperature conditions depending on the time and location of condensation, adopting hypothesis 2. As for the above-stated findings, the HVAC management in indoor swimming pools is an important concern factor that continues to cause condensation despite the development of advanced construction materials. Especially, building construction is a main factor that has a direct effect on condensation in the HVAC management of facilities. This implies that the window management is important in maintaining the wall joints - which can suppress the selective use and defect occurrence of construction materials - or confined spaces for a long time.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2001

Trihalomethane(THMs) levels in drinking tap water, indoor swimming pool water and industrial effluent in Kunsan area were surveyed in this study. During experimental period, the monthly averages of THMs in drinking tap water from Keumkang wide-area supply ranged from 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/ι/to 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ showing the highest level in summer. 3 indoor swimming pools showed the monthly average levels of THMs formation ranging from 8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ι/to 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ι and the pool under public management seemed to maintain its water quality more stable than those under private management THMs concentrations in the effluents. discharged from 10 manufacturing companies, ranged from N.D. to 95$\mu\textrm{g}$/ι and it was estimated that the overall THMs level discharged front those manufacturing companies is not high, reflecting the traces recorded for most effluents. The composition ratios of individual THMs for industrial effluents showed a difference from those for drinking water and swimming pool water, along with their wide variations according to the company and relatively high composition ratios of Br substituents.