• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2019

As energy costs increase, more people has become interested on energy efficiency and savings in residential buildings. The two main subjects related to energy in residential buildings are insulation and condensation. There are two approaches to prevent condensation; increasing air tightness and maintaining the temperature inside of the wall structure over the dew point, which is in turn related to insulation. Even though the Korean government has highlighted the importance of energy efficiency for residential housings, and in spite of the customers' demands, the timber construction industry is still using conventional light-frame construction without even trying to improve energy efficiency. In this study, various types and combinations of wall structures were tested under cold outdoor and warm indoor temperatures to analyse the temperature gradients and to determine the possible sites of condensation in the wall structures. In addition to the experimental tests, three theoretical models were developed and their estimations of temperature change through the wall structure were compared with the actual measurements to evaluate accuracy of the models. The results of the three models agree relatively well with the experimental values, indicating that they can be used to estimate temperature changes in wall structures. The theoretical analysis of different insulation layers' combinations show that condensation may occur within the mid-layer in the conventional light-frame wall structures for any combination of inner-, mid-, and outer-layers of insulation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of an inner and outer insulation layer or increasing the thickness of insulation may not be adequate to prevent condensation in the wall structure without preventing penetration of warm moist air into the wall structure.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 1978

경운장치(耕耘裝置)의 재량(改良)과 새로운 경운장치(耕耘裝置)의 설계(設計)를 위(爲)한 실험(實驗)을 실내(室內)에서 실시(實施)하기 위하여 Soil bin과 자연토양(自然土壤)과 유사(類似)한 39.35%의 bentonite, 48.10의 모래 및 12.55%의 SAE 10W oil을 사용한 인공토양(人工土壤)을 제조(製造)하였으며 경운실험(耕耘實驗)을 위(爲)한 인공토양(人工土壤)의 물리적(物理的)인 특성(特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위해 전압회수(轉壓回數), 전압속도등(轉壓速度等)을 변화(變化)시켜 가면서 인공토양(人工土壤)의 절대경도(絶對硬度), 밀도(密度), 인공토양(人工土壤)과 철판(鐵板) 및 고무판(板) 및 고무판(板)의 동마찰계수(動摩擦係數)를 측정(測定)하였으며 인공토양(人工土壤)의 밀도변화(密度變化)에 따른 점착력(粘着力)과 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전압회수(轉壓回數)가 증가(增加)할수록 밀도(密度)는 증가(增加)하였으며 그 관계식(關係式)은 다음과 같다. $y=1.073200+0.070780x-0.002263x^2$ 여기서, y : 밀도(密度)($g/cm^3$) x : 전압회수(轉壓回數) 전압속도(轉壓速度) 4.5~10.4 cm/sec의 범위(範圍)에서 전압속도(轉壓速度)는 밀도(密度)에 큰 영향(影響)을 주지 않았다. 2. 토양절대경도(土壤絶對硬度)는 전압속도(轉壓速度) 4.5~10.4cm/sec의 변화(變化)에 거의 영향(影響)을 받지 않았으며 토양절대경도(土壤絶對硬度)(y)는 전압회수(轉壓回數)(x)의 증가(增加)에 대(對)하여 곡선적(曲線的)으로 증가(增加)하였는데 그들 관계식(關係式)은 다음과 같다. $y=37.74{\frac{(0.64 +0.17x-0.0054x^2}{(3.36-0.17x-0.0054x^2)^3}}$ 3. 밀도(密度)(Bulk density : y($g/cm^3$))와 토양절대경도(土壤絶對硬度)(absolute soil hardness : x($kg/cm^3$))의 관계식(關係式)은 다음과 같다. $y=37.74{\frac{2.46x-2.02}{(6.02-2.46x)^3}$ 4. 밀도(密度)의 변화(變化)는 점착력(粘着力)과 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)에 영향(影響)을 주는데 밀도(密度)가 1.60~1.75에서 함수비(含水比) 29.5%인 자연토양(自然土壤)의 사질(砂質)loam과 유사(類似)한 값을 나타내었다. 5. 동마찰계수(動摩擦係數)는 철판(鐵板)의 경우 0.3~0.4, 고무판(板)의 경우 0.64~0.72로 나타났으며 자연토양(自然土壤)에서의 값과 유사(類似)하다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2001

To study the ecological characteristics of the Korean native firefly, Luciola lateralis, development and life history of L. lateralis were investigated throughout the indoor rearing. Average size of egg with an oval shape was 0.51${\times}$0.56 mm and an egg period of L. tateralis was approximately 25.8 days. The larvae were pupated at the 5$^{th}$ instar and the body length of the matured larvae was 15.8mm. The total periods of larval stage to the end of the $5^{th}$ instar were approximately 271.7 days. Pupae formed soil cocoon and average pupal period was approximately 28.7 days. Average number of eggs oviposited by a female was approximately 97. The body size of female in the pupa and adult were larger that of male.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to observe growth pattern of grand rapids(lettuce) according to different dexperimental conditions for minimizing its growth period such as composition of nutrient, irradiation time of light source and cultivation mode. The culture of water spray type using seeds of grand rapids was performed during growth period of total 50 days. Experimental conditions consist of five compositions of nutrient (PW 0.5 mS/cm, PW 1.0 mS/cm, PY 0.5 mS/cm, PY 1.0 mS/cm, PW 2.0 mS/cm) and three irradiation times of light source (12h(on) / 12h(off), 18h(on) / 06h(off), 24h(on) / 00h(off)). Illumination was adjusted to ratio of 7:1:1 of red, blue and white color, respectively. Indoor environmental condition for cultivating grand rapids is as follows: temperature (19-$22^{\circ}C$), relative humidity (60-70%) and carbon dioxide (1,000-1,200 ppm). The data were obtained from five iteration tests. The maximum growth level was observed in the experimental condition of 18 hr(on) / 06 hr(off) and PY 1 mS/cm for 1st week of cultivation period, 24 hr(on) / 00 hr(off) and PY 1mS/cm for 2nd week of cultivation period, and 24 hr(on) / 00hr(off) and PW 1 mS/cm for 3rd week of cultivation period, respectively. On the contrary, the minimum growth level was observed in the experimental condition of 18 hr(on) / 06 hr(off) and PW 0.5 mS/cm for 1st week of cultivation period, 12 hr(on) / 12 hr(off) and PW 0.5 mS/cm for 2nd week of cultivation period, and 12 hr(on) / 12 hr(off) and PY 0.5 mS/cm for 3rd week of cultivation period, respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is concluded that the growth level of grand rapids varied with different irradiation time of light source and composition ratio of nutrient according to cultivation period.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권3호통권39호
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• pp.99-113
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to prepare some more up-dated and advanced curriculum in Landscape Architecture in Junior College education to bring up a leading professional who can meet the changing social needs. To achieve this goal, the data about the actual employment status of graduates, current relevant systems and legistations, the questionnaires of Landscape companies, graduates and undergraduates, and the current relevant curriculum of domain 6 junior colleges and Japanese relevant curriculum was gathered and analyzed The results are as follows ; 1. Currently the majority of the graduates are employed in Construction field, but the employment trend of graduates shows diversification and subdividing as following 5 fields, that is Construction, Design, Maintenance, Administration and Indoor Landscaping. 2. It is essential to bring up a Landscape Technician who has a Landscape Certificate of qualifications(esp. 2nd class). 3. Lately, the actual Practice came to be one item of the qualifying examination, so the subjects of Landscape Design, Landscape Construction and Landscape Estimation Should be emphasized, Accordingly, current curriculum should be revised. 4. Currant curriculum model(1979) made by the Ministry of Education doesn't play a real and adequate role and should be up-dated in view of the current curriculum of domain 6 junior colleges has no regular standards. In preparation for new standardized curriculum model, following criterior could be suggested, that is, ratio of the Major Required Subjects vs. The Major Optional Subjects would be 50 : 50, and the Major Optional Subject would be 48 credits which is 150% of the Required Credits(32 credits) 5. The subjects such as Basic Agriculture, Afforestation, Nature Conservation, Sketch, Civil Engineering, Landscape Seminar and Modelling Practice would be deleted in the curriculum model established in 1983. 6. The subjects such as Perspective Practice, Indoor Landscaping, Landscape Legislation and Landscape Design( III ) could be newly opened to meet the social needs, to prepare for the qualifying examination and to serve well in the employment fields. 7. The subjects of Surveying ( I ) & ( II ) would be unified into one Subject as Surveying, and some in view of the average situation of 6 junior colleges. 8. It is urgent to open some subject related to computer. At first, An Introduction to Computer could be recommended in the cultural studies course and Landscape Computer Technique as the Major Optional Subjects.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2021

본 연구는 멸종위기종 두점박이사슴벌레의 인공 증식을 위한 산란 특성을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 우화 후 3개월이 지난 두점박이사슴벌레 성충은 암수 비율이 1: 1 일 때 3주 이상의 교미 기간이 필요하다. 실험 처리온도 16, 20, 24, 28, 및 32℃ 중에서 산란전기간은 16℃에서 우화 후 109일로 가장 길었으며, 32℃에서 우화 후 평균 59.4일로 가장 짧았다. 산란수는 24℃에서 암컷 한마리당 평균 40.6개로 가장 많았다. 성충의 평균 수명은 16℃에서 수컷 208.8일, 암컷 263.9일로 가장 길었으며, 32℃에서 수컷 96.1일, 암컷 130.3일로 가장 짧았다. 산란 용기 크기에 따른 두점박이사슴벌레의 산란수는 용기가 클수록 많았다. 사육 시 산란목 설치가 산란수와 산란기간에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 멸종위기종 두점박이사슴벌레의 복원과 대량 증식을 위한 기초 자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2019

토양에서 유기자원의 무기화 특성을 구명하기 위하여 질소함량별로 볏짚, 우분퇴비, 균배양체, 유박, 아미노볼 등 총 5가지를 각각 처리하여 128일 동안 실내 항온배양실험을 실시하였으며, 이 분석결과를 질소 무기화 모형에 적용하여 유기자원의 질소 무기화 양상을 구명하였다. 항온배양 기간 동안 유기자원의 질소 순 무기화율은 질소함량이 가장 높은 아미노볼에서 가장 높았고, 질소함량이 가장 낮은 볏짚에서 가장 낮았다.잠재적 질소 무기화율은 전질소 함량과는 양의 상관관계(0.96)가 인정되었다. 무기화 속도상수 k는 유기자원의 유기물(-0.96) 및 탄소함량(-0.97)과 음의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 모형에 의해 추정된 1작기 동안의 질소 무기화율은 볏짚 6.6%, 우분퇴비 11.6%, 균배양체 30.9%, 유박 70.7%이었으며 아미노볼은 81.0%를 나타냈다. 질소 무기화율은 유기자원의 종류 또는 질소함량에 따라 다르게 나타나 질소 무기화율을 유기자원의 질소 공급 특성을 결정하는 지표로 사용할 수 있다. 질소함량이낮거나 발효과정을 거치는 퇴비 등의 유기자원은 퇴비화 과정에서 유기태 질소가 안정화되어 질소의 무기화율이 무발효 유기자원보다 낮으므로 시비량 결정시 양분공급의 목적보다는 토양 물리성 개량을 목적으로 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.749-754
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods: A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 274 piglets collected over a two-year period were used for the analysis. The BWs were recorded at birth, weaning (28 d), 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. Any BW not recorded on schedule was recalculated to conform the days of age among corresponding BW records, using growth curves drawn with polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Results: The mean parity (${\pm}$standard deviation) of the sows was $3.42{\pm}2.14$. The sows that farrowed in June had the lowest number of total born with an average of $6.25{\pm}2.22$ piglets per sow. However, the lowest average number of piglets weaned at day 28 was found in sows that farrowed in May, as well as the highest number recorded for the stillborn piglets with an average of 2.67 piglets per sow. Moreover, the smallest increase in weight from birth to weaning occurred in piglets that were farrowed in May, which also corresponds with the average daily gain (ADG) of 0.29 kg and the last recorded weight measurement on day 140 of $41.69{\pm}1.45kg$. Contrastingly, the highest growth rate was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 day of age and the highest BW of $74.70{\pm}1.86kg$ recorded on day 140. Conclusion: Pigs farrowed in June also had the least number of piglets that died between birth and weaning. The zone of thermal comfort found in sows reared in indoor confinement systems did not improve the reproductive performance of the sows reared in an outdoor, alternative production system, while the growth performance of the piglets was improved when the ambient temperature was consistently hot or consistently cold.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2020

본 연구는 Agastache 속 여러 종에서 국내 자생지 환경요건에 적합하면서 생육 및 기능성 물질 함량면에서 가장 최적의 종을 선정하고자 하였다. 첫째, 11종의 배초향(Agastache)속 종자를 구입하여 미국 농무성(USDA) 식물 내한성 지도(plant hardiness zone map) 및 국내 식물 내한성 지도를 참고하여 11종에서 생육 및 기능성 분석을 할 5종을 선정하였다. 둘째, 배초향(Agastache) 속 5개 품종인 A. cana, A. foeniculum, A. rugosa 'Spike Blue', A. rugosa 'Spike Snow', A. rupestris에 대해 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적, 엽수, SPAD, 지상부 생체중 및 건물중, 지하부 생체중 및 건물중 등의 생육 분석을 실시하였다. 생육 분석 결과, A. rugosa SB 및 A. rugosa SS 종에서 전체적으로 균형 있게 높은 수치를 나타냄을 알 수 있어, 생육 부문에서는 A. rugosa 계통의 품종이 다른 품종에 비해서 유리하다고 볼 수 있다. 셋째, rosmarinic acid, tilianin, acacetin 성분에 대해 단위 중량당 함량 및 식물체 1중당 함량 등의 기능성물질 함량 분석을 실시하였다. 기능성 물질 분석 결과, A. rugosa 계통 종에서 기능성 물질 및 항산화물질 함량이 유의적으로 높았으며, 이는 생육 결과값과 정비례적인 연계성이 크다고 보여진다. 따라서, 배초향(Agastache)속 종에 대한 생육과 기능성 부분을 종합적으로 고려할 때, A. rugosa SS 및 A. rugosa SB 등 A. rugosa 계통이 가장 최적의 고부가가치 작물로 적합할 것이라고 판단된다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

본 연구는 사회복귀를 예정하고 있는 수형자들의 원예치료 및 원예활동에 대한 요구와 선호도를 조사하여 사회복귀예정 수형자를 대상으로 한 교정 교화 원예치료프로그램 개발을 위한 식물 및 원예활동에 대한 기초 자료를 마련하기 위하여 수행되었다. 설문지 분석 결과, 남성, 40대, 고졸이하가 가장 많았고 사기에 기독교가 가장 많았다. 교정 교화프로그램으로써 원예치료가 제공되는 것에 대해서 바람직하다는 의견이 약 70%, 교정 교화프로그램으로써 원예치료가 제공되었을 때 60% 이상이 참여할 의사가 있다고 밝혔다. 원예활동 경험은 없는 사람이 많았고, '산책, 견학, 여행 등의 식물감상활동'을 가장 선호하고 다음으로 '실내외에서 식물 가꾸기', '식물을 이용한 장식 및 공예활동' 순이었다. 선호하는 식물은 화훼를 가장 선호했고, 화훼식물 중에서는 '난초류'를, 채소식물 중에서는 '열매채소'를, 열매채소 중에서는 '토마토'를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.