• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

This study investigated the actual condition focusing on the lighting environment which is a major element in aspect of indoor environment of a public library and assessed user satisfaction. Research results are as follows: Firstly, numbers of lighting fixtures per dimension of a reading room in a public library were inconsistent due to the lack of definite regulations, which was found to have negative effect on night time illuminance. Secondly, it was assessed that illuminance between the day time influenced by natural lighting and in the nighttime without natural lighting has more than 10-fold difference. Therefore, such a condition is judged to be inappropriate for lighting environment of a reading room where users spend a long time studying and thus, it is considered that an appropriate measures should be taken. Thirdly, as the survey result on users' satisfaction with lighting environment was revealed to be lesser than 3 points, lighting plan in consideration of its users should be progressed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

This study is tended to analyze the characteristics of the emotional office environment so that digital technologies may adapt to the rapidly progressing social structure in a flexible way, investigate the interior composition of the changing office space and the element and direction of design and then present the indoor environment appropriate to it with the desirable alternative to the emotional office. The recognition of emotionality becomes so important that it is called 'emotional society'. Emotional design, which is mostly concern about user's consensus & experiences and in the space, is appeared on office. Emotional design is understanded from a interactive point of view, human and interior-space. The important factors of this study are light, color, immateriality and fun sensitivity The purpose of this study is to examine the emotional design by analysis of multifarious spaces. Office space Is designed emotional and experienced in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.E
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• pp.347-357
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• 1993

The Lagrangian grid-free numerical method, the discrete vortex method, was applied to solve the Navier-Stokes euqations. This method avoids the introduction of numerical viscosity swamping the real physical viscosity at high Reynolds number, unlike Eulerian method, e.g. finite difference and element methods. The boundary integral equation method for the potential flow solution was included to make the discrete vortex method more feasible for complex geometries. The fast adaptive multipole expansion method was incorporated to reduce the computational time from $O(N^2)$ to O(N) for the computations of vortex-vortex interactions. The test problems were air flow around one circular cylinder and two circular cylinders in tandem with various gaps. The numerical results were in excellent gareement with the experimental and other computational results. The applicabilty of the method was discussed with the indoor and the outdoor air pollution problems, especially the contaminant transport in the recirculation regions.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2019

Fine particulate matter known as PM 2.5 refers to the atmospheric particulate matter that has a diameter less than 2.5 micrometer identified as dangerous element for human health and its concentration can provide us a clear picture about air dust concentration. Humans stay indoor almost 90% of their life time and also there is no official indoor dust concentration data, so our study is focused on measuring the indoor air quality. Indoor dust data monitoring is very important in hospital environments beside that other places can also be considered for monitoring like classrooms, cements factories, computer server rooms, petrochemical storage etc. In this paper, visible light communication system is proposed by Manchester encoding technique for electromagnetic interference (EMI)-free indoor dust monitoring. Important indoor environment information like dust concentration is transferred by visible light channel in wide range. An average voltage-tracking technique is utilized for robust light detection to eliminate ambient light and low-frequency noise. The incoming light is recognized by a photo diode and are simultaneously processed by a receiver micro-controller. We can monitor indoor air quality in real-time and can take necessary action according to the result.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze application methods and structural characteristics of each element of environment-friendly European housing through classification of skin types. The results of the study are following. 1) The skins are classified by three types; single skin with multi layers, double skin with single layer and double skin with multi layers. 2) Most single skins with multi-layer are composed with wooden louvers, sun blinds and insulating windows. There are introduction of atrium and balcony, and variation sectional space composition according to cases. 3) There are two types of double skins; to put cavity between inner skin and outer skin and more extensional spaces such as balconies, corridors and stair halls. Solar walls and mechanical ventilators are often introduced to double skins with multi-layer. 4) The functions of the latest environment-friendly skins are vary from controllers and buffers of indoor environmental elements such as temperature, light, air and sound to equipments to perform essential functions to efficiently operate HVAC systems.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.33-43
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• 2019

The plan that supports the healthy lives of the aged continuously is required as their population increases constantly. The 'healing environment' for the aged has been emphasized in the geriatric hospitals and convalescent hospitals mainly so far, but most of them are experiencing the unstable status such as fatigue and pain at the level that they can barely manage to carry out daily life. So, the plan of applying design pattern of biophilic in lobby of senior welfare center was willing to be sought in this paper to support the psychological stability and constant health within the range of daily life and activities for the aged. In this research, design pattern elements of biophilic and applying characteristics for each indoor space in lobby of senior welfare center were analyzed through the advanced research, theory consideration and case studies in Korea and foreign countries, and total 22 design pattern elements of biophilic and 52 design elements were drawn. It is expected that it can be used as the guideline and design guide for applying design pattern of biophilic hereafter.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.132-141
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• 2016

For those with disabilities, the residential area is the primary place to adapt the disabilities. Since the quality of the area gives a critical impact on their quality of life, it is essential to finding the measures to create the residential environment that supports their independence. In this regard, this study aimed to compare and analyze the interior elements of the houses that hinder the independence of the physically handicapped in the rural and urban areas, and conducted a survey on a total of 80 physically challenged in Seoul and Yeongwol (40 for each area). As a result, the respondents answered that the houses where they are currently living are hindering their independence regardless of area, and there were regional differences in the level of inconvenience with the size of living room, size of utility room, location of room, lighting and heating environment, ventilation system, deteriorated wallpapers and finishing materials, threshold and floor level difference and humidity control. This study has significance by providing the realistic measures to improve the housing environment of the physically challenged living in the rural and urban areas to be customized to them to increase their quality of life.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2002

The fields of green building and ecological design have much to offer to those who are seeking to improve the ecological impact of schools and school grounds. These well established disciplines are particularly useful to existing schools considering renovations to make them more energy, water, and resource efficient as well as healthier places to work and play, Green building and ecological design principles and techniques are also very effective, of course, if incorporated into the design for brand new school buildings. The major concept of the Eco-school plan is to understand that the school consists of an ecosystem, so the design concept should focus on minimising impact but at the same time maintaining close contact with the environment. T his is becoming the basic concept in applying the Eco-school design to the new 21st century school building. This thesis is an analysis on the methods of application, based on careful examination of case-studies from the U.S.A about detailed plan element and design method, through the following six aspects ; (1) site use plan, (2) green plan, (3) water system plan, (4) materials and recycling of resources, (5) energy use plan, (6) indoor environment plan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

Samples of subway dust were collected by the air filter system of 30 subway stations on Daegu subway line 1 in January 2008. Samples were sieved below 100 ${\mu}m$, and 14 elements were analyzed using ICP after acid extraction. Results obtained from the source assessment of trace elements using enrichment factor showed that Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V were influenced by natural sources such as weathered rock and resuspended soil, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were influenced by anthropogenic sources such as fuel combustion and waste incineration. Concentrations were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic sources were significantly affected by indoor dusts than outdoor dusts. Results of pollution indices of heavy metals indicated that indoor dusts were more contaminated with heavy metal ions than outdoor dusts. The correlation analysis among trace elements indicated that components were much correlated in the order of natural sources-anthropogenic sources, anthropogenic sources-anthropogenic sources, natural sources-natural sources in both indoor and outdoor dusts. Trace element components of outdoor dusts were largely correlated than those of indoor dusts. In addition, indoor dusts were significantly affected by outdoor dusts rather than depth from the surface or the average daily number of subway passengers.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2015

The objective of the current study was to assess the comparative risk associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) while commuting via different public transport modes in Fukuoka, Japan. For the given routes and measuring days, a trip-maker carried a lightweight portable bag loaded the real-time measurement devices which take simultaneous measurement for size-fractioned particle number concentration, $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentration, and total suspended particle (TSP) collection. The results of the present study have shown significant differences between public transports as commuting modes in Fukuoka. The PM exposure levels on subway platform and inside subway train were overwhelmingly higher than those of other points on commuting route. The relative ratio between modes (i.e., the ratio of $PM_{2.5}$ inside subway to that inside bus) provides an idea for choosing a right commuting mode for our health. This study clearly provided evidence of the extremely high levels of iron exposure by subway uses compared to bus uses. The result of theoretically reconstructed mass concentration of $PM_{2.0-0.3}$ collected on subway platform suggests that the PM of underground subway will be associated with PM both generated in subway system and inleakaged from outdoor environment.