• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to nurses' organizational citizenship behavior using multilevel analysis which included both nurse characteristics at individual levels and nursing unit characteristics at group levels. Methods: The sample was composed of 1,996 nurses who were selected from 182 nursing units in 28 hospitals in six metropolitan cities and seven provinces using cluster sampling. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from February to March 2006. Results: The results of the study indicated that individual level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were religion, job position, clinical career, self efficacy, positive affectivity, and supervisor support. The group level variables related to organizational citizenship behavior were collective efficacy, number of nurses in a nursing unit, and the average salary level of a nursing unit. 30.9% of individual level variances of organizational citizenship behavior were explained by the nurses' individual level variables. The explanatory power of group level variables, which is related to group level variances of organizational citizenship behavior, was 75.5%. Conclusion: This research showed that it was necessary to develop appropriate strategies related to not only individual factors, but also higher-level organizational factors such as collective efficacy, to improve individual performances in the hospital.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2007

To improve the environment of individual residential area, the uniform development of multiple dwellings through site should be avoided. As an alternative to a large scale development of the currently popular high-density and high-rise apartment buildings, which disintegrates and destroys existing communities, a new residential type that is applicable to the individual residential area should be developed. From the new residential type, even for short history of Korea of modem urban residence, a new concept of residence can be formed, changing from the concept of a temporary staying place to the concept of a stable residing place. Also, a gradual improvement that transcends time can be expected, and the present and past appearances can co-exist. This study was conducted to suggest a new residential type with unit blocks that can improve the physical structure of existing individual residential area without destroying the structure. That is, among the factors that comprise the individual residential area, this study will focus on the unit block with a medium role between a site and a mega-block, and will suggest a new concept of residential unit in order not to destroy its physical structure. The physical characteristics of the unit block will also be analyzed.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2015

This study is intended to evaluate the value of functional aspect from the viewpoint of habitat. The indicators that are used in biotope evaluations are various, but most of them use the criteria to evaluate the naturality. This evaluation method cannot appropriately reflect the functional characteristics coming from relation to the surrounding biotope. In this study, the connectivity, cohesion and diversity between individual biotope are quantitatively measured by a landscape index. It is hard to draw the functional value of individual biotopes because the landscape index related to connectivity, cohesion and diversity comes from a landscape having a number of biotopes. The concept of contribution was used to overcome this limitation. The concept of contribution is to quantify how much each individual biotope contributes to the connectivity, cohesion, and diversity in a certain range of landscape by deriving the amount of change in the landscape index according to the presence or absence of each individual biotope. In order to understand the characteristics of evaluation results in functional aspect, this research has done a comparative analysis of the previous research findings in the same target area. According to the result of the research, individual biotopes such as artificial forests, fragmented natural forests, and small planting sites were highly rated.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2015

Building on previous literature of human resource management and development, this paper investigates the effect of various characteristics of informal education a firm offers on employees' individual creativity. we identify quantity, quality, and variety as three critical components of informal educational and training circumstances. Data from a multi-informant survey conducted to 442 employees in Korean postal service show that a firm's informal educational training has significant effects on its employee creativity. The results indicate that enough high quality of program, various training method have a positive relationship with his/her individual creativity although time and opportunity don't have an critical impact on employee creativity. This study highlights the importance of a firm's informal education in terms of motivation and skills, and helps to explain individual discrepancies in creativity.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2013

The objective of this research is to identify a web portal's specific functions and layouts that are aligned with personality trait of an individual internet user. This first stage of the overall research project intends to check whether the research instrument, namely the NEO Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), is applicable to assess the personality traits of Thai internet users. Based on these personality traits, text-based description of functions/layouts of a web portal was developed and given to professional designers to mock up example web portal pages. These web portal pages were in alignment with individual personality traits. Rating data on the functions/layouts corresponding to individual personality traits were collected from an online survey of 207 Thai internet users. Results showed that respondents gave more consistent rating to the functions/layouts close to their individual personality traits identified in the text-based descriptions than in the mocked-up web portal pages.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.365-379
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• 2001

The contents of summarizing this study are as follows. 1. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the individual characteristics. 2. The elements of ethical decision making depend upon the two aspects of the individual characteristics. 3. The ethical decision making processes of business managements consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, fair distributions. 4. The ethical decision making processes of multinational corporations consist of the three steps of utilitarianism, individual righteousness, and fair distributions. The utilization methods of this study are as follows. 1. They can be reflected in the formulations of business ethics codes. 2. They can be utilized in the executions of business ethics educations. 3. They can be utilized as means to heighten the ethics standards of business interests groups.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation and tree vitality of Berchemia berchemiaefolia habitat to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics. Totally 9 vegetation data were collected and analyzed. And one plant community (Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community) including 43 families 66genera 72 species 8 varieties and 3 forma was differentiated. Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community was subdivided into Typical subunit and Quercus mongolica subunit. Species showing the higer r-NCD value in the plant community were Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Quercus serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii. In tree vitality result, Berchemia berchemiaefolia population containing 35 individual was estimated 3 monitoring categories; 1) General 2) Principal 3) Absolute. These categories frequencies arranged by the order General Monitoring (85.7%; 30 individual), Principal Monitoring (11.4%; 4 individual) and Absolute Monitoring (2.9%; 1 individual).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

최근까지 온라인 비즈니스 환경에서 사이버머니의 이용과 관련한 다수의 연구들이 진행되었음에도 불구하고 이들 대부분의 연구들은 사이버머니 이용자의 특성과 사이버머니 품질간의 관련성을 심층적으로 제시하지는 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 사이버머니 이용경험이 있는 사람들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시함으로써, 향후 사이버머니의 활성화 측면에서 어떠한 사이버머니 품질특성을 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있는가를 파악하고자 하였다. 또한, 이러한 사이버머니 품질특성에 대한 인식도가 사이버머니 이용자의 인구통계적 특성과 사이버머니 이용특성에 따라 어떻게 달라지는가를 조사하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 사이버머니 품질특성에 대한 인식도가 사이버머니 이용자의 성, 연령, 사이버머니 이용빈도에 따라 달라짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서의 분석결과는 다양한 온라인 비즈니스 환경에서 사이버머니의 이용방안을 모색하고 있는 국내외 다수의 기업들에게 다양한 시사점을 제공할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2013

This study aimed to explore the social networks which married immigrant women have in Korea. Special attention was paid to factors such as individual, family, and migrant characteristics contributing to the different patterns of social networks. I drew upon the nationally representative data on 60,719 immigrant women married to Korean men from the '2009 Survey on Korean National Survey on Multicultural Families.' Results showed that the foreign wives tended to maintain a connection with our society through contact with their neighbors and participation in social gatherings. Findings also showed that the types of social networks by the number of trusted neighbors and meetings were diverse among the immigrant women. In addition, the factors differentiating the types were mostly associated with socioeconomic resources or Korean proficiency. More interestingly, the immigrant women's contacts with their family members in their homeland contributed to their maintenance of more active social networks. These results provided a useful outlook on the relationship between patterns of social networks and the characteristics of the married immigrant women, which eventually showed a heterogeneous nature among them. At the societal level, supportive systems for enriching immigrant women's social networks should be developed particularly in terms of not their dependency, but their potential contributions to our society.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2007

인터넷뱅킹의 지속적인 성장과 확산을 위해 사용자 저항에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하는 연구는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 사용자 개인 특성요인, 인터넷뱅킹 특성요인, 서비스품질 요인이 인터넷뱅킹 사용자 저항에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 개인 특성요인으로는 컴퓨터와 인터넷뱅킹에 대한 자기 효능, 변화에 대한 태도, 혁신성향으로 설정하였다. 인터넷뱅킹의 특성으로는 상대적 이점, 적합성, 복잡성, 지각된 위험을 주요 요인으로 설정하고, 인터넷뱅킹의 서비스품질은 SERVQUAL의 5가지 요인으로 하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 개인 특성으로 컴퓨터와 인터넷뱅킹에 대한 자기효능, 인터넷뱅킹의 특성으로는 적합성, 반응성, 복잡성, 위험성, 그리고 서비스품질 요인에서는 신뢰성과 공감성이 사용자 저항에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수로 파악되었다.