• Title/Summary/Keyword: Individual Psychology

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Relationship between psychological stress and hippocampus volume through meta-analysis (메타분석을 통한 심리적 스트레스와 해마용적 간의 관계)

  • Jo, Min-kyung;Hong, Changhee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.12
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    • pp.227-236
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to define hippocampal volume differences between a stress-laid group and normal individual group via meta-analysis. This investigation included studies that contained hippocampal volume measurements in association with stress from 1990 to 2016. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of hippocampal volumes were used to determine the mean size, standard deviation and sample size. The pooled effect size was measured by the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. This meta-analysis included 13 studies comprising 374 stress subjects and 439 normal subjects. Eight studies targeted war-related veterans and holocaust survivors, while five targeted personal trauma associated with childhood abuse, rape, accident or financial hardship. The overall mean effect size (Hedges' g) was -0.70 (-1.04; -0.37). Overall, the SMD value was -0.70, with a moderate effect size, but high heterogeneity. Depending on the characteristics of the stressor, studies were divided by subgroups of war-related veterans and subjects with personal trauma and then analyzed again. In the war-related subgroup, the Hedges' g was -0.47 (-0.78; -0.16), while in the personal stressor-related subgroup it was -0.91 (-1.57; -0.26). These results indicate that there was a significant negative correlation between psychological stress and hippocampal volume.

Effects of Collaborative Argumentation and Self-Explanation on Text Comprehension in a Concept Mapping Context (텍스트이해를 위한 개념도사용의 효과적 활용전략:협력적 논쟁과 자기설명의 상호작용 효과)

  • Kim, Jong Baeg
    • (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.461-478
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    • 2008
  • This study attempted to test whether or not students' collaborative argumentation and explanation activity while using concept mapping did improve understanding on texts. Total of 52 college students participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The experiment lasted for two or three weeks and students were tested on comprehension level of a text material that they have studied over the period. As a result, with two independent factors of explanation and collaboration, there was a significant interaction effect without main effects. That is, individual did better when they did have to explain what they were doing. However, this is not the case when students collaborate. Students in the paired condition, they did better when they do not have to explain what they were doing with concept maps. This study showed efficiency with using computerized software does not always guarantee higher understanding on text materials. Instructional contexts and variables, collaboration and explanation, needs to be considered. Collaborating with others and explaining their own learning processes should be carefully designed when they are combined with concept mapping contexts. How to minimize learning obstacles from discussing ideas with others are a critical issue for future research.

The effect of gambling accessibility and availability on gambling problems (도박의 접근성과 가용성이 도박문제에 미치는 영향)

  • Im, Sook Hee;Park, Mi Sook;Kim, Kyung Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.242-251
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    • 2021
  • This study investigates the effects of availability and accessibility on an individual's risk of developing a gambling problem. A total of 24 off-track betting facilities located in 12 districts of Seoul were examined in an effort to identify any association between their presence and citizens' gambling habits. Study participants included 1,490 online recruits residing in Seoul who participated in gambling activities in the 12 months prior to the study. To examine the differences in addiction rates and gambling frequency, a survey of demographics, gambling addictions, and gambling frequency divided the participants into two groups: those who resided in a district where off-track betting facilities were available, and those who resided elsewhere. Analysis results indicate that gambling frequency and addiction rates were significantly higher among participants residing in a district where off-track betting terminals are available. Additional analysis was performed with participants who mainly gambled on horse racing, with results similar to the previous analysis-significantly higher rates of gambling addiction and frequency were observed among participants residing in close proximity to off-track betting facilities.

The Cluster of Adults' Gender Role Conflict, Ambivalent Sexism and Aggression and Their Differences in Acceptance of Rape Myths (한국 성인의 성역할갈등, 양가적 성차별주의, 공격성에 따른 군집 유형별 강간통념수용도)

  • Cho, Eun Hye;Jang, Jin Yi
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to explore natural groupings among adults based on gender role conflict, ambivalent sexism and aggression, and find differences in their acceptance of rape myths. 372 male and female adults in the Daegu and Gyeongsang province were surveyed and 350 were analyzed on their gender role conflict, ambivalent sexism, aggression and acceptance of rape myths. The cluster analysis divided participants into sub-groups such as 'unaggressive but conflicted about gender stereotypes', 'receptive to adaptive gender notions ' and 'compliant to aggressive gender stereotypes'. The sub-groups had differing levels of gender, age and education. There were differences in acceptance of rape myths among these groups, Post-hoc testing showed that the 'compliant to aggressive gender stereotype' subgroup showed the highest level of acceptance of rape myths, following by 'unaggressive but with gender stereotype conflicts' and 'receptive of adaptive gender notions'. Finally, needs for assessing individual characteristics according to their subgroup types and developing psychoeducational programs focused on the subgroup characteristics were addressed. Then, recommendations for future study were discussed.

The Effects of Self-Concealment, Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs on the Commitment of Romantic Relationship in Early Adulthood (초기 성인기의 자기은폐, 기본심리욕구 충족이 이성관계 헌신에 미치는 영향)

  • Chae, Jieun;Park, Jeongyun
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.305-323
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    • 2021
  • This study examined the effects of self-concealment and satisfication among the basic psychological needs on the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships in early adulthood. The study examined the mediating effects of basic psychological needs, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, in the relationship between self-concealment and the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships. For this purpose, a self-report survey was conducted on 197 adults aged 20 to 29 who are currently in opposite-sex romantic relationships, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS MACRO v3.5. The main results of this study are as follows. First, gender, age, and duration of dating period among the subject's demo-social variables significantly impacted the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships. Second, satisfying relatedness among the basic psychological needs had the largest influence on the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships, and self-concealment negatively affected the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships. Third, relatedness from the basic psychological needs had a significant mediating effect between self-concealment and the commitment to romantic relationships. It can be seen that it is crucial to lower self-concealment and to satisfy relatedness among the basic psychological needs in order to promote commitment to romantic relationships in early adulthood. This study is meaningful in that it tried to reveal the influence of individual psychological factors on the commitment to the romantic relationship, and it is significant that it proposed a basis for intervention to promote the commitment to opposite-sex romantic relationships in early adulthood.

Factors affecting Disclosing conflicts of Interest on consultation: comparison with Role-oriented and Self-interest Groups (이익충돌 상황에서 공개가 자문행동에 주는 효과: 자문가역할수행집단과 사익추구집단의 비교)

  • Su-Bin Kim;Ji-Hye Kim;Kyong-Mee Chung
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2016
  • A conflict of interest (COI) places people in ethical dilemma when providing consultation in a field of business, medical/pharmaceutical industry, research etc. Disclosure is a commonly adopted strategy for the adverse effect of COI, but previous studies have reported inconsistent results. This investigated whether individual differences in pursuing self-interest influence differently on consultation behavior during voluntary- or no-disclosure of COI conditions. A total of 190 adults participated in an on-line experiment which consisted of two tasks. On the 1st task, participants were divided into either a role-oriented group or a self-interest group depending on their consultation choice on the task. On the 2nd task, participants were required to choose whether to disclose COI to his/her virtual partner and provided consultation to them. No group differences were found in frequency of choosing voluntary disclosure. For the role-oriented group, the voluntary disclosure group provided unbiased information to the virtual partners than the no disclosure group. However, no group difference between voluntary- and no-disclosure group in the self-interest group. Implications and limitations are further discussed.

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4.7 By-Election as Mid-term Evaluation: Why Did Voters Choose to Punish the Government? (4.7 재보궐 선거의 중간평가적 성격: 왜 유권자는 정권심판을 선택하게 되었는가?)

  • Cha, Jaekwon
    • Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.5-40
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    • 2021
  • In the 4.7 by-election in 2021, the ruling Democratic Party suffered a record devastating defeat, breaking the trend of a post-intermediate evaluation confirmed in the recent election. Why did the Democratic Party lose by a large margin unlike the recent election trend? In order to find answers to these questions, this study analyzes the voting behavior of individual voters based on the voter consciousness survey data conducted after the 4.7 by-election, while examining the background and causes of such voter choices. As a result of the study, in the 4.7 by-election, as confirmed in previous studies, public opinion against the ruling government was strong, and negative elections were held. However, if we look at the process and results of this by-election in more detail, we can see that it is different from the general by-election. In the past by-elections, the government judgement was due to the passive participation of the ruling party-oriented voters in elections with low political weight, or the active judgement psychology that was maximized in situations where the political burden was less. However, in this by-election, on the contrary, in an election with a high political weight, the active judgement psychology of the Democratic Party and non-partisan voters had an effect on strengthening the midterm evaluation character of the election. In addition, it can be seen that the gathering of conservative voters who support the opposition also had a strong influence on the reinforcement of the midterm evaluation character of the election.

Validation of the Korean Version of Free Will and Determinism Scale (FAD-Plus) using Confirmatory Factor Analysis - The Relationship Between Belief in Free Will and Correspondence Bias - (확인적 요인분석을 통한 한국판 자유의지와 결정론 척도(FAD-Plus)의 타당화 - 자유의지에 대한 믿음과 귀인편향의 관계 -)

  • Ahn, Jaekyung;Han, Sanghoon;Choi, Yimoon
    • Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.35-51
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    • 2021
  • People's belief in free will is important in determining the causes and responsibilities of human behavior. Over the past decades, there has been debate about belief in free will in the fields of neuroscience, philosophy, ethics, and criminal law. The Free Will and Determinism Scale (FAD-Plus; Paulhus & Carey, 2011) is a test tool that measures the components related to the belief in an individual's free will. This study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of 1,000 ordinary people of various age groups and socio-economic backgrounds based on previous studies that conducted an exploratory factor analysis (Study 1). The author has secured the reliability and validity of a number of measures. Furthermore, it was examined how the sub-item of the FAD-Plus scale, 'belief in free will,' was related to correspondence bias and locus of control (Study 2). As a result of analyzing a total of 83 subjects, high belief in free will had a positive correlation with punishment judgment for negative behavior and internal attribution, but there was no significant relationship in reward judgment for positive behavior. Based on the study results, it was proven that the FAD-Plus is valid for the general public as well, and the relationship between belief in free will, attribution bias, locus of control and behavior judgment was examined. The limitations of this study, policy implications, and research directions are discussed.

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The Effects of Coping Strategies on Academic Burnout: A short-term Longitudinal Study Focused on Suppression Effects (스트레스 대처방식이 학업소진에 미치는 영향: 억제효과를 중심으로 한 단기 종단연구)

  • Shin, Hyojung;Choi, Hyunju;Lee, Minyoung;Noh, Hyun Kyung;Kim, Keunhwa;Jang, Youjin;Lee, Sang Min
    • Korean Journal of School Psychology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.289-309
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    • 2012
  • This is a longitudinal study which analyzed suppression effects of active/passive coping strategies on academic burnout, using a structural equation modeling. A total of 357 middle school students participated in this study for two waves. In order to measure the levels of students' coping strategies and academic burnout, the Ways of Coping Checklist and the Korean version of Maslach Burnout InventoryStudent Survey(MBI-SS) were used. Latent variables were constructed with standardized residuals computed from a simple linear regression in order to capture the intra-individual changes between two time points. The results of this study are like below. First, the relationship between the change of active coping strategy and the change of passive coping strategy is positively and significantly related with each other. This result indicates that students under stress use various coping strategies simultaneously. Second, significant suppression effects were revealed between the change of active coping strategy and the change of passive coping strategy. That is, when controlling passive coping strategy, the negative relationship between the change of active coping strategy and the change of academic burnout increased. On the other hand, when controlling active coping strategy, the positive relationship between the change of passive coping strategy and the change of academic burnout increased. Based on these results, the value of this study and implications for counseling were discussed.

The influence of North Korean defectors' psychological characteristics on their alienation (탈북자들의 심리적 특성이 소외감에 미치는 영향 - 탈북자들과 남한주민들 간의 비교를 중심으로 -)

  • Jae-Chang Lee;Young-Man Kim
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.41-66
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    • 2005
  • The goal of this study was to investigate factors influencing North Korea defectors's psychological alienation by comparing South Koreans and North Korean defectors in the sense of values, lifestyles, attribution styles and stereotypes. To pursue this goal, a questionnaire was distributed to 143 South Koreans and 99 North Korean defectors, According to results, in comparison with South Koreans, North Korean defectors placed more values on 'nation' than 'individual or family', on the 'support of parents' than 'a great success', In the lifestyles, the North Korean defectors than South Koreans put higher significance in 'traditional familism', 'traditional collectivism', 'social consciousness', and 'traditional hierarchy'. As for stereotypes, South Korean people considered the North Korean defectors defiant, critical, egoistic, and competitive people. Also, South Koreans perceived North Korean defectors as more negatively than North Korean defectors did themselves. In case of alienation, North Korean defectors reported that their workplace was the most common place where they were alienated. As a result of investigating factors investigating the North Korean defectors' alienation, it showed that 'affluent life' in their values, 'cultural openness' in the lifestyles, and 'inside attribution' in the attribution styles were critical. Finally, it discussed limitations of the present study and the research required in the future.