• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.297-298
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• 2008

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

The cases of unidentified individual remains submitted to Forensic dentistry section in National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Korea were analyzed to study the application of forensic dental identification into individual identification in the period 2002-2005. The identification cases of unidentified remains were 405 out of 493, which accounted about 82% of whole cases. The incidence of submission of skeletons at least including the skull was increased from 58% in 2002 to 80% in 2005. The numbers of cases for the full examinations were 4 times more than that for age estimation in 2005. Twenty-four cases were submitted for skull to photographic superimposition and 15 out of 24 cases were examined, and the other 9 cases were examined by DNA analysis only. The submitted cases for dental comparison were 23 cases, 9 cases were positively identified, 4 cases were possible, 7 cases were excluded, and 3 cases ended up with insufficient evidences. The proportion of positive identification by dental methods was increased gradually from 9% in 2002 to 46% in 2005. Forensic dental identification has become important and useful because the availability of dental records and radiographs has been increasing. Compared to DNA analysis, forensic dental identification has several advantages such as no needs for high cost equipments and low expenses. And the interpretation of results is straightforward and speedy. These advantages are based on using primary their own dental records of the individuals rather than secondary DNA reference samples from family members. The application of the forensic dental identification to unidentified individual remains will be increased because the dental comparison can complement the limitation of DNA analysis and skull to photographic superimposition in many cases. In order to obtain positive identifications of unidentified remains, a close collaboration between the police and forensic scientists is important. The systemic approach including legislation to preserve dental records of unidentified remains and missing persons for the identification of unidentified remains should be needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.463-467
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• 2006

Genetic profiles of Iranian Holstein young bulls at the national artificial insemination station were determined on the basis of individual genotypes at 13 ISAG's recommended microsatellites, the most useful markers of choice for parentage identification. In the present study a total of 119 individuals were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci and for possible parent-offspring combinations. A high level of genetic variation was evident within the investigated individuals as assessed from various genetic diversity measures. The mean number of observed alleles per microsatellite marker was 9.15 and the number of effective alleles as usual was less than the observed values (4.03). The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.612 and 0.898, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value (0.694) further reflected a high level of genetic variability. The average exclusion of probability (PE) of the 13 markers was 0.520, ranging from 0.389 to 0.788. The combined exclusion of probability was 0.999, when 13 microsatellite loci were used for analysis in the individual identification system. Inbreeding was calculated as the difference between observed and expected heterozygosity. Observed homozygosity was less than expected which reflects inbreeding of -3.7% indicating that there are genetic differences between bull-sires and bull-dams used to produce young bulls. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the microsatellite DNA markers used in the present DNA typing are useful and sufficient for individual identification and parentage verification without accurate pedigree information.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2004

In order to evaluate NMR spectrometer as the analytical tool for identification of individual adjuvant in crop protection products, the standard sample of individual adjuvant was analyzed by NMR spectrometer and then the formulation of crop protection products was also analyzed. Almost polymer system of surfactant was a co-polymer and there was an excess of ethylene. The most intense signal comes from long polyethylene blocks, 70.5 ppm. The carbonyl groups of ester group resonate at 173.5 ppm. Analytical sample was prepared in NMR tube without extraction, cleanup, concentration, or chromatographic separation. Identification of individual adjuvant in crop protection products was conducted by comparison of sample and reference spectra. NMR spectrometer was useful to analyze adjuvant in crop protection products without preparation process.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 1993

‘Ansin Whan(安神丸)’ is a Chinese patent medicine, which is used for insomnia, nervous breakdown, amnesia and hypertension in Korea. In the future, the demand for the drug is likely to increase, as the number of aged people increases. This medicine is the large of pills consisting 13 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, the effectiveness of this method is exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in ‘Ansin Whan’ which contains 13 powdered crude drug ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 1999

'Chung Kwei Won(淸快園)' is a Chinese patent medicine, which is used for stomachic disorder, acute and chronic indigestion, dispepsia, vomiting and diarrhea in Korea. This preparation consists of 16 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual crude drugs in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may be used conviniently as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, the effectiveness of this method is exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in 'Chung Kwei Won' which contains 16 powder crude drug ingredients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 1996

Han Jung Pyeong Yi San is a Chinese Patent medicine, which is used for stomachic disorder, acute and chronic indigestion, dyspepsia and diarrhea in Korea. This medicine consisit of 16 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, the effectiveness of this method is exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in Han Jung Pyeong Yi San which contains 16 powdered crude drug ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.112-114
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• 2000

'Ga Mi Yung Sin Whan' is a Chinese patent medicine, which is used for a tachycardia, anemia, amnesia, ecstacy, and so on in Korea. This medicine consists of 12 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, the effectiveness of this method is exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in Ga Mi Yeong Sin Whan which contains 12 powdered crude drug ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.234-238
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• 2007

Hyo Shim Dan Hwan (孝心丹丸) is a Chinese patent medicine which is used for neuralgia and palsy in Korea. This medicine consists of 15 kinds of powdered crude drugs. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used, as it requires only small amount of specimens. In this study, the effectiveness of this method is exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in Hyo Shim Dan Hwan, which contains 15 powered crude drug ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.4 s.99
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• pp.399-401
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• 1994

$Yongkaksan^{\circledR}$ is a powdered crude drug which is used to treat cough and recommended it as an expectorant. It is composed of Platycodi Radix (11.7 mg), Senegae Radix(0.5 mg), Armeniacae Semen(0.83 mg) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(8.3 mg). For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may be considered to be efficacious due to requirement of a small amount of specimens. In this paper, effectiveness of this method will be exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in $Yongkaksan^{\circledR}$ which contains 4 powdered crude drug ingredients.