• 인지과학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.287-303
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• 2005

이 논문은 훈련의 난이도가 인지 기술의 습득과 전이에 미치는 효과가 인지 능력 수준의 개인차에 따라 어떻게 다른지를 실험을 통해 분석하였다. 인지 능력 측정 도구를 사용하여 실험 참가자들을 각기 다른 수준의 인지 능력을 갖는 세 집단으로 분류하였다. 각 집단의 실험 참가자들 중 반은 난이도가 높은 과제를, 나머지 반은 난이도가 낮은 과제를 수행하는 훈련을 받은 후, 모든 실험 참가자들이 훈련 과정에서 경험하지 알은 새로운 전이 과제를 수행하였다. 실험 결과를 볼 때, 인지 능력 수준이 훈련 수행에 영향을 주었으며, 또한 훈련의 난이도가 전이 수행에 미치는 효과도 인지 능력 수준에 따라 차이가 났다. 세 수준의 인지 능력 집단들 중 중간 수준의 집단이 훈련의 난이도에 따라 훈련 및 전이 수행에 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이 실험 결과들이 개인차와 기술 전이 수행의 관점에서 논의되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 전문대학 체육전공자들의 개인특성에 따라 인지하는 직업가치관 차이를 분석하는데 있다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직관심에서의 차이는 학년에서 2학년이 1학년보다 높게 나타났고, 연령에서는 23세이상이 21-22세, 19-20세보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 경제적 수입에서의 차이는 학년에서 2학년이 1학년보다 높게 나타났고, 연령에서는 23세이상이, 19-20세보다 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 사회적 지지에서의 차이는 학년에서 2학년이 1학년보다 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 일 자부심에서의 차이는 성별에서 남학생이 여학생보다 높게 나타났으며, 학년에서는 1학년이 2학년보다 높게 나타났고, 23세이상이 21-22세, 19-20세보다 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 행동 선호도에서의 차이는 성별에서 남학생이 여학생보다 높게 나타났다. 여섯째, 신분상승에서는 성별, 학년, 연령이 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2004

Genomic DNAs were extracted from the muscle of twenty-two specimens of two shortnecked clam, Ruditapes phifippinarum populations collected in Anmyeondo and Seocheon. Genetic differences within and between populations were analysed by random amplified polymorphic DNAs-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) using twenty arbitrary decamer primers. Out of 20 primers, 6 generated a total of 1,111 major and minor RAPD bands from individuals of two sites, producing approximately 4.2 average polymorphic bands per primer in individuals from Anmyeondo and ranging in size from less than 50 to larger than 1,500 base pairs (bp). The electrophoretic analysis of RAPD products amplified showed moderate levels of similarity among the different individuals in Seo-cheon population. The average bandsharing values (BS value) of the samples within population from Anmyeondo ranged from 0.155 to 0.684, whereas it was 0.143∼0.782 within population from Seocheon. The average BS value between individuals No. 13 and No. 14 from Seocheon was 0.782 which was higher than that of those from Anmyeondo. The single linkage dendrogram resulted from three primers (OPA-08, -09 and -20), indicating six genetic groupings composed of group 1 (No.4, 8 and 10), group 2 (No. 18), group 3 (No.2, 5 and 7), group 4 (No. 1, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17), group 5 (16, 19 and 20) and group 6 (No. 21 and 22). In the Seocheon population, the individual No. 18 clustered distinctly from the others of this population. The observed genetic distance between the two populations from Anmyeondo and Seocheon was more than 0.209 (0.247 and 0.275). The shortest genetic distance (0.094) displaying significant molecular differences was between individuals No. 13 and No. 14. Especially, the genetic distance between individuals No. 22 and the remnants among individuals in two geographical populations was highest (0.275). This result illustrated that individual No.22 is distinct from other individuals within two shortnecked populations. The different geographical features of two sites may have caused the genetic diversity in two shortnecked clam populations.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.445-456
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• 2013

This study addresses the relationship between individual differences regarding self-concept, measured by Self Concept Clarity (SCC) scale and Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and relationships (RISC) scale, and diverse affective consequences after choice behavior. We hypothesized that lower self-concept clarity and higher relational interdependence would be related to increased susceptibility to choice context-for example, how a choice set is constructed based on one's initial preference. We examined how variations in a choice set can produce different affective consequences after making choices, and investigated the underlying neural mechanism using fMRI. In this experiment, participants first rated their preferences for art posters, and made a series of choices from a presented set. After the choice task, they completed post-choice measures including preferences for the chosen posters, as well as measures of their self-concept clarity and relational interdependence. Our behavioral results demonstrated that when participants faced more conflicting choice context, self-concept clarity was related to more positive affective consequences after choice, whereas relational interdependence was correlated with a lower second-rated attractiveness of the chosen option. The neuroimaging analysis of choice-making revealed that self-concept clarity and the degree of their relational interdependence served as modulators in shaping how one perceives and experiences the same decision-making process. These results have theoretical and practical importance in that it is one of the first studies investigating the influence of the individual differences regarding self-concept on value-based decision making process among diverse choice set contexts.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2005

Noise may cause damage of the auditory system, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. However, we haven't the data enough to be available for understanding various effects of noise on the human body. The current study was prospectively designed to investigate the changes of the cardiac factors and cerebral hemodynamics following a transient exposure to noise in young people. 80 subjects (mean aged $23.45\pm2.40$ years) participated in this experiment and were exposed to excavator-noise with 90 decibels for 15 minutes using ear-phone. Cardiac factors such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate-systolic pressure product (RPP), and cerebral hemodynamics such as mean blood flow velocities (Vm), pulsatility indexes (PI), resistance indexes (RI) and mean blood flow velocities at breathing-hold (Vh) in the middle (MCA), anterior (ACA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) were measured before (baseline) and during the noise-exposure. Although there were individual differences in above mentioned parameters, HR, systolic and diastolic BP, RPP, MCA-Vm, MCA-PI, MCA-RI, ACA-Vm, ACA-PI, ACA-RI, PCA-Vm, PCA-PI, and PCA-RI during the noise-exposure decreased compared with the baselines (P<0.05 or P<0.01), The findings of the present study suggest that a transient exposure to excavator-noise at rest causes changes in the cardiac factors and cerebral hemodynamics with individual differences. Further studies need to be carried out for clarifying the effects of longer exposure and combined mental activity with noise exposure.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.883-895
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• 2016

Purpose: The demand for ordinary mail services supplied by 'Korea POST' is decreasing due to the opening of mail service market and the growth of alternative communication media such as e-mail and SNS. To overcome this situation it is urgent to introduce new services that can be able to appeal customers and to improve existing services. Methods: A field survey is conducted to corporate customers who send ordinary mails and individual customers who receive these mails, respectively. Quality attributes of ordinary mail services are classified by two-dimensional perspectives in terms of Kano model. Decision tree model is utilized for classifying the quality attributes. Comparative analyses are done whether there are perceived differences on each quality attributes between corporate customers and individual customers. Results: Quality attributes such as 'discount postal charges', 'sending small packages by simply dropping it into a mail box', 'sending a mail of any appearance', 'delivering a mail anywhere', and 'receiving a mail at a preferred time where a customer is located ' are classified differently according to some market segments, while most of the quality attributes are classified as attractive or one-dimensional. Conclusion: Decision tree model has been found to be most effective to classify quality attributes for each market segment especially when trying to classify quality attributes belonging to 'gray areas'. Based on the perceived differences on quality attributes among customers, strategic implications are suggested to obtain potential customers and to have competitive advantages.

• 한국영재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영재학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.137-138
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• 2003

Understanding how and why people differ is a fundamental, if distant, goal of research efforts to bridge psychological and biological levels of analysis. General fluid intelligence (gF) is a major dimension of individual differences and refers to reasoning and novel problemsolving ability. A conceptual integration of evidence from cognitive (behavioral) and anatomical studies suggeststhat gF should covary with both task performance and neural activity in specific brain systems when specific cognitive demands are present, with the neural activity mediating the relation between gF and performance. Direct investigation of this possibility will be a critical step toward a mechanistic model of human intelligence. In turn, a mechanistic model might suggest ways to enhance gF through targeted behavioral or neurobiological intervent ions, We formed two different groups as subjects based on their scholarly attainments. Each group consists of 20 volunteers(aged 16-17 years, right-handed males) from the National Gifted School and a local high school respectively. To test whether individual differences in general intelligence are mediated at a neural level, we first assessed intellectual characteristics in 40 subjects using standard intelligence tests (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) administered outside of the MR scanner. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl) to measure task-related brain activity as participants performed three different kinds of computerized reasoning tasks that were intended to activate the relevant neural systems. To examine the difference of neural activity according to discrepancy in general intelligence, we compared the brain activity of both extreme groups (each, n=10) of the participants based on the standard intelligence test scores. In contrast to the common expectation, there was no significant difference of brain region involved in high-g tasks between both groups. Random effect analysis exhibited that lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate and parietal cortex are associated with gF. Despite very different task contents in the three high-g-low-g contrasts, recruitment of multiple regions is markedly similar in each case, However, on the task with high 9F correlations, the Prodigy group, (intelligence rank: >99%) showed higher task-related neural activity in several brain regions. These results suggest that the relationship between gF and brain activity should be stronger under high-g conditions than low-g conditions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.250-261
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• 2013

본 연구는 임상간호사의 감정노동이 직장에서의 행복감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 시도된 서술조사 연구이다. 자료수집은 J시 소재의 일개 상급종합병원 간호사 312명을 대상으로 구조화된 자기보고식 설문지로 실시하였다. 분석결과, 간호사의 감정노동은 직장에서의 행복감과 음의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 개인적 특성에 따른 직장에서의 행복감은 7.7% 설명하였으며, 개인적 특성을 통제한 후 감정노동을 투입한 위계적 회귀분석에서는 8.9%를 추가 설명하여 총 16.6%의 설명력을 보였다(F=6.150, p<.001). 이에 따라 병원 경영조직은 간호사의 감정 노동에 대한 인식을 새롭게 변화시키고, 감정노동과 관련된 직장에서의 행복감을 증진시킬 수 있도록 인적 관리 측면의 감성 프로그램 적용이 필요하다고 본다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of family-friendly community policy and child care policy on parents with young children. Particularly, two specific questions were addressed: 1) Were there differences in the perception of community family-friendliness among parents with young children in Seoul provinces? 2) Were there differences in the perception of community family-friendliness among parents with young children, depending on child-care infrastructures in Seoul provinces? Data for this study were drawn from multiple sources. Individual-level indicators were drawn from the survey of 1,246 parents with children under age 6 in Seoul. Community-level indicators were drawn from the 2011 Seoul census data. Frequency, descriptive statistics, GIS mapping, and hierarchical linear model analysis were conducted to examine the perception of community family-friendliness by individual, child-care infrastructures, and the community at large. The major results of the present study are as follows: The perception of parents on community family-friendliness varied across the 25 provinces in Seoul. The perception of community family-friendliness was positively related with the total number of child day-care centers, and the number of infant-toddler child daycare centers. The number of accredited child daycare centers was negatively associated with the perception of community family-friendliness.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

Objective: To examine the relations between satisfaction in major, academic achievement and five personality factors of physical therapy students. Design: Questionnaire study. Methods: In order for a complete enumeration when selecting study subjects, we selected five representative schools through raffles. For about three weeks from May 21st to June 16th 2012, we distributed self-administered questionnaires comprised of questions related to five personality factor characteristics, satisfaction in major and academic achievement. Total of 510 questionnaires were distributed and 442 questionnaires were returned. Except the castle is not answered or unanswered call 73 questionnaire collected data from the 369 call. And 369 questionnaires were used for analysis. The frequency analysis was conducted to examine general characteristics of subjects. Results: In the analysis of differences in personality factors for each individual variable in accordance with sex, women had higher degree of neuroticism than men (p<0.05). Also men showed higher openness than women (p<0.05). In the analysis of differences in personality factors for each individual variable in accordance with age, the lower the age was, the higher the degree of neuroticism was (p<0.05). For satisfaction in major, "Satisfaction in school life" and "Motive for selecting the major"were significant factors (p<0.05). academic achievement, "School type" and "Motive for selecting the major" were significant factors (p<0.05). Conclusions: In regards to the satisfaction in major and academic achievement, "Motive for selecting the major" was the major significant factor. Students who had high interest in their majors expressed higher satisfaction, which the in turn correlated with higher academic achievement.