• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2013

Diagnostic evaluation methods frequently adopted in Temporomandibular Balancing Medicine (TBM) are briefly reviewed as to their basic concepts and procedures. TBM diagnostic evaluation methods may be classified into direct and indirect ones. Indirect methods are to observe any change in the manifestations with regard to the (1) posture, (2) pain, (3) muscle strength, and (4) stretching. Direct methods are to evaluate through (1) cervical palpation test, (2) restricted cervical rotation test, and (3) lateral cervical tension test. These methods may provide clinicians valuable information on the current yinyang balance and potential therapeutic factors in relation with the temporomandibular joint, a meridian system, and the whole body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.286-289
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• 1997

In the design of structure the forces acting on the structure are important parameter for noise and vibration control. However, in the complex structure, the forces at the injection pomt on the structure cannot be measured directly. Thus it is necessary to find out indirect force evaluation method. In thls paper forces have been measured with in-situ vibration responses and system information. Three existing techniques of indirect force measurement, viz. direct inverse, principal component analysis and regularization have been compared. It has been shown that multi-vibration responses are essential for the precise estimation of the forces. To satisfy those cond~tions, Rotary compressor is adopted as test sample, because it is very difficult to measurc the injection forces from internal excitat~on to shell. It has also been obtained that relatively higher force IS transmitted through three welding paths to the compressor shell. It shows a good agreement between direct and indirect force evaluation wlth curvature shell and plate and is investigated the possibility of force evaluation of rotary compressor as a complex structure.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimum content of an inorganic additive for cold-recycled asphalt mixtures and evaluate its performance. METHODS : An indirect tensile test, a tensile-strength ratio test, and an indirect tensile-fatigue test were conducted on cold-recycling asphalt mixtures with various additives. RESULTS : The laboratory performance tests indicated that granulated blast-furnace slag mixed with inorganic and cement activators provided optimum performance. The performance results of the cold-recycled asphalt pavement were similar to the inorganic and cement activators' performance in terms of the indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, and indirect tensile-fatigue test. CONCLUSIONS : Overall, the performance of a cold-recycled asphalt mixture using inorganic additives and emulsion asphalt was comparable to a warm-recycled asphalt mixture. However, more experiments aimed at improving its performance and studying the effect of the inorganic additives must be conducted.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2003

chest Indirect radiography were taken at 44 medical facilities in Seoul area. The results were as follows: 1. The average tube voltage was 98.2 kVp in case of 100 mm film and 91.3 kVp in case of 70 mm film. 2. The average tube current was 18.1 mAs in case of 100 mm film and 42.5 mAs in case of 70 mm film. 3. In the physical evaluation of chest Indirect radiographs, the density in case of 100 mm film was similar to that in case of 70 mm film. 4. In the visual evaluation of chest Indirect radiographs, the score of identification in case of 100 mm film was higher than that in case of 70 mm film. 5. The average dose of radiation into the skin was 1.38 mGy in case of 100mm film and 4.59 mGy in case of 70 mm film. In conclusion, the image quality of chests was excellent and the dose of radiation into the skin decreased in case of 100 mm film.

• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1710-1722
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• 2018

Investigating remained damages from terrible earthquakes, it could be concluded that some events including explosion because of defect and failure in the building mechanical facilities or caused by gas leak, firing, aftershocks, etc., which are occurred during or a few time after the earthquake, will increase the effects of damages. In this paper, by introducing a complete risk analysis which included direct and indirect risks for earthquake (the main shock) and aftershock, the corresponding robustness index was created that called as "robustness index sequential critical events risk-based". One of the main properties of the intended robustness index is using progressive collapse percentage in its evaluation. Then, in a numerical example for a 4-storey moment resisting steel frame structure, a method is presented for obtaining all effective parameters in robustness index evaluation based on the intended risk and at last its results were reported.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.309-317
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• 2018

We employ a three-dimensional indirect boundary element method (BEM) to simulate temperature change around an underground liquefied natural gas storage cavern. The indirect BEM (IBEM) uses fictitious heat source strength on boundary elements as basic variables which are solved from equations of boundary conditions and then used to compute the temperature change at other points in the considered problem domain. The IBEM requires evaluation of singular integration for temperature change due to heat conduction from a constant heat source on a planar (triangular) region. The singularity can be eliminated by a semi-analytical integration scheme. However, it is found that the semi-analytical integration scheme yields sharp temperature gradient for points close to vertices of triangle. This affects the accuracy of heat flux, if they are evaluated by finite difference method at these points. This difficulty can be overcome by a combination of using a direct numerical integration for these points and the semi-analytical scheme for other points distance away from the vertices. The IBEM and the hybrid integration scheme have been verified with an analytic solution and then used to the application of the underground storage.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2021

With the social atmosphere of respect for human life and the increasing interest in safety of field workers, research and development is underway in various ways to transform direct live method into indirect live method in the field of distribution. As part of this measure, it was necessary to convert electric pole and complex facilities work from machining power distribution to indirect live operation, and install a straight connecting sleeve that connects cut wires for by-pass method, but it failed to meet the tensile strength standard when constructing a sleeve constructed by direct method. In this paper, the design factors were derived based on the case of overseas similar sleeves and the tensile strength evaluation of each variable was performed, based on the analysis of these test results, the method for securing tensile strength of straight-line access sleeves for indirect running was presented.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2009

This study was focused on the transducer and suitable contact material for stone cultural heritage, and the correlation of direct-indirect method in rock types for scientific development and quantitative evaluation technique of the ultrasonic measurements. As a result, it was identified the transducer (UTREXTX(RX)54kHz) and contact material (rubber clay) of the type 3 were appropriate for the ultrasonic measurements of stone cultural heritage. The direct-indirect correction factors of type 3 were calculated 1.50 for granite, 1.38 for gabbro, 1.58 for quartz diorite, respectively. This result is the first study for improvement in reliability for the ultrasonic measurements, and it will contribute to establishment of the ultrasonic survey method for stone cultural heritage. Also, complementary studies considering the surface irregularity of rocks and various contact materials will carry out, and the database about correlation of direct-indirect in rock types will establish.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2009

As panfacial fractures are involved multiple fracture, there are possibility of many pre-operative & postoperative complications. It is necessary to do exact pre-operative evaluation, appropriate operation and care, for preventing and treating these complications, especially related to optic nerve injury. The complication occurs rarely after periorbital facial bone fracture, and indirect injuries may occur as a result of impact shearing force transmitted into the optic nerve axons or to the nutrient vessels of the optic nerve. Also indirect injuries may occur after the force of impact because of vasospasm and swelling of the optic nerve within the confines of the nonexpansile optic canal. It is necessary to active evaluation and treatments involving decompression of the orbit surgically and high dose steroid therapy in relation to panfacial fracture. But sometimes this treatments are limited due to severe swelling of the face and related multiple bone fractures in the body. This case showed the delayed neuropathy, at last visual loss, in spite of megadose methylprednisolone administration. The purpose of this article is to present indirect traumatic optic neuropathy that is one of many complications in panfacial bone fracture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.210-227
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school, based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: A scale was developed to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior. Initial items for direct evaluation were constructed through a literature review, and those for belief-based indirect measure were generated through interviews with 30 second- and third-grade elementary school students. The collected data from 286 third-grade elementary school students were then subjected to item analysis, exploratory and confirmative factor analysis, criterion-related validity testing, and internal consistency assessment. Results: The final scale consisted of 35 items. Intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 82.7% of the variance; behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs explained 65.6% of the variance; and evaluation of outcome, motivation to comply, and power of control beliefs explained 72.8% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical models had a satisfactory goodness of fit. Criterion-related validity was confirmed between the direct evaluation variables and the indirect measure variables (attitudes r=.64, p<.001; subjective norms r=.39, p<.001; perceived behavioral control r=.62, p<.001). Cronbach's α was .89 for the direct evaluation variables and .93 for the indirect measure variables. Conclusion: The scale developed in this study is valid and reliable. It could be used to measure and explain variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school.