• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.26-38
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain a structural model of posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses based on existing models and a literature review and verify its effectiveness. Methods: Data were collected from psychiatric nurses in one special city, four metropolitan cities, and three regional cities from February to March 2016. Exogenous variables included hardiness and distress perception, while endogenous variables included self-disclosure, social support, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Data from 489 psychiatric nurses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The modified model was a good fit for the data. Tests on significance of the pathways of the modified model showed that nine of the 14 paths were supported, and the explanatory power of posttraumatic growth by included variables in the model was 69.2%. For posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses, deliberate rumination had a direct effect as the variable that had the largest influence. Indirect effects were found in the order of hardiness, social support, and distress perception. Self-disclosure showed both direct and indirect effects. Conclusion: A strategy to improve deliberate rumination is necessary when seeking to improve posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses. Enhancing psychiatric nurses' hardiness before trauma would enable them to actively express negative emotions after trauma, allowing them to receive more social support. This would improve deliberate rumination and consequently help promote psychological growth among psychiatric nurses who have experienced trauma.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2020

The similarity of the software is extracted by the verification of comparing with the source code. The source code is the intellectual copyright of the developer written in the programming language. And the source code written in text format contains the contents of the developer's expertise and ideas. The verification for judging the illegal use of software copyright is performed by comparing the structure and contents of files with the source code of the original and the illegal copy. However, there is hard to do the one-to-one comparison in practice. Cause the suspected source code do not submitted Intentionally or unconsciously. It is now increasing practically. In this case, the comparative evaluation with execution code should be performed, and indirect methods such as reverse assembling method, reverse engineering technique, and sequence analysis of function execution are applied. In this paper, we analyzed the effectiveness of indirect comparison results by practical evaluation . It also proposes a method to utilize to the system and executable code files as a verification results.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.220-232
• /
• 2022

In this study, 223 people were sampled from February 1 to March 11, 2022, and causal relationship analysis (SEM) was performed. First, a causal relationship was established between coaching behavior and leader trust, and second, a causal relationship was established between leader trust and re-enrollment. Finally, although it was partially adopted between coaching behavior and re-registration, an indirect effect was also derived that the effectiveness of behavior existed as an indirect effect of trust in the leader in the relationship between autonomous behavior and re-registration. Therefore, coaching behavior perceived by customers is influenced by various variables, and trust in leaders appears to exert a huge influence on golf course management performance, emphasizing that human service is a part that needs attention in the changing golf market. It is thought that a management strategy based on the results and this study is necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.2059-2065
• /
• 2013

This goal of this research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for breast cancer in the Republic of Korea from a government expenditure perspective. In 2002-2003 (baseline), a total of 8,724,860 women aged 40 years or over were invited to attend breast cancer screening by the NCSP. Those who attended were identified using the NCSP database, and women were divided into two groups, women who attended screening at baseline (screened group) and those who did not (non-screened group). Breast cancer diagnosis in both groups at baseline, and during 5-year follow-up was identified using the Korean Central Cancer Registry. The effectiveness of the NCSP for breast cancer was estimated by comparing 5-year survival and life years saved (LYS) between the screened and the unscreened groups, measured using mortality data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and the National Health Statistical Office. Direct screening costs, indirect screening costs, and productivity costs were considered in different combinations in the model. When all three of these costs were considered together, the incremental cost to save one life year of a breast cancer patient was 42,305,000 Korean Won (KW) (1 USD=1,088 KW) for the screened group compared to the non-screened group. In sensitivity analyses, reducing the false-positive rate of the screening program by half was the most cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER=30,110,852 KW/LYS) strategy. When the upper age limit for screening was set at 70 years, it became more cost-effective (ICER=39,641,823 KW/LYS) than when no upper age limit was set. The NCSP for breast cancer in Korea seems to be accepted as cost-effective as ICER estimates were around the Gross Domestic Product. However, cost-effectiveness could be further improved by increasing the sensitivity of breast cancer screening and by setting appropriate age limits.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.110-121
• /
• 2021

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various types of acupuncture for menopausal hot flashes (HF). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from 8 electronic databases, and the risk of bias was evaluated for the included studies. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager and R software for indirect comparison and ranking, respectively. In total, 23 RCTs (2,302 patients) were eligible for systematic review, of which 10 were included in network meta-analysis. Network meta-analysis showed manual acupuncture (MA) had the highest probability of reducing HF frequency and severity, followed by sham acupuncture (SA), electroacupuncture, usual care, or no treatment; furthermore, warm acupuncture significantly improved menopause-specific quality of life compared with MA or electroacupuncture. Compared with hormone replacement therapy, acupuncture had less efficacy in reducing HF frequency but enhanced menopause-specific quality of life. There was no significant difference between MA and SA in mitigating HF. The existing evidence showed that MA could be used for alleviating menopausal HF. However, it is recommended that more high-quality RCTs should be performed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.323-336
• /
• 2020

This study's aim was to verify the mediating effect of the social withdrawal and the community spirit within path which the perception of the local community predicted the quality of life of adolescence. For verifying the purpose of this study, this study selected a total of 2,000 cases from the Korean Child-Youth Pannel Study(KYPS) as a research target. In this study, Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) of AMOS 18.0 was applied as an analysis method, and sobel test was applied for utilizing the significance of the mediating effect. The research result were as follows through the presented research method. Firstly, this study has proved the effectiveness of the direct path that the perception of the local community predicted the quality of the life of adolescence. Secondary, this study has verified the effectiveness of the indirect path of the social withdrawal and the community spirit. Based on these findings, this study has presented the intervention methods for the quality of the life of adolescence and the suggestion for the future research.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2022

The national defense requires uninterrupted decision-making, even under direct or indirect impacts on non-traditional threats such as infectious diseases. Since all work utilizes the information system, it is very important to ensure the availability of the information system. In particular, in terms of security management, defense work is being performed by dividing the network into a national defense network and a commercial Internet network. This study suggests a work execution plan that takes into account the efficiency of work performed on the Internet and the effectiveness of security through effective defense information system operation. It is necessary to minimize the network contact point between the national defense network and the commercial Internet, and to select a high-priority one among various tasks and operate it efficiently. For this purpose, actual cases were investigated for "A" institution and characteristics were presented. Through the targeted tasks and operation plans to improve the effectiveness of defense tasks and ensure security, presented in this paper, it will be possible to increase the availability of task performance even in non-traditional threats such as infectious diseases.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-50
• /
• 2006

We estimate $CO_2$ emissions in Korea industry, 1990 and 2000 using a commodity- by-industry IO model ($CO_2$ hybrid IO mode]). Estimated $CO_2$ emissions in industries include both $CO_2$ emissions from direct and indirect consumption. The results show that total $CO_2$ emissions has increased by 51.6 million TC (Tonne of Carbon) from 64.4 million TC in 1990 to 115.5 million TC in 2000. By applying the structural decomposition analysis technique, we decompose change of $CO_2$ emissions in Korea industry between the period 1990~2000. In the decomposition, we figure out two contributing factors, changes in $CO_2$ coefficient and changes in final demand. The latter is further decomposed as growth effects and structural effects. We also estimated each factor's contribution to the changes in $CO_2$ emissions in industries between 1990~2000. The analysis can be used as a useful resource for policy makers in improving the effectiveness of $CO_2$ emissions mitigation policy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2011

Many problems, such as unexpected delay and collision with pedestrians or vehicles, occur generally at signalized intersections where bicycle users are frequently involved. These problems have hindered bicycle users from riding bicycles on urban highways. The aim of this study is to suggest proper traffic signal operation methods for safe and convenient highway crossing of bicycles. Three types of crossing methods at signalized intersections are proposed and analyzed: (1) indirect left turn, (2) direct left turn on an exclusive bicycle lane, and (3) direct left turn on a bicycle box. The VISSIM simulation tests were conducted based on fifty-four operation scenarios prepared by varying vehicle and bicycle traffic volumes. Both delay and the number of stops are used as the measures of effectiveness in the analysis. The results from the three-legged signalized intersections suggested that (1) the indirect left turn is appropriate when vehicle demand is high while bicycle demand is not, (2) direct left turn on an exclusive bicycle lane is appropriate when both vehicle and bicycle demands are high, and (3) direct left turn on a bicycle box is appropriate when both vehicle and bicycle demands are light.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this review was to summarize and assess researches reporting thermal properties of moxibustion. Methods and Materials : We searched one electronic database(PubMed) and two journals(The Journal of Korean Medicine and The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society) and for the articles published until Nov. 2012. The articles reporting thermal characteristic of moxibustion were selected and reviewed. 31 articles were included and assessed in this review. The type of moxibustion, the material beneath moxbustion, main outcome and the amount of information were reviewed. The amount of information was defined as 1 for one main outcome reported in each article. Results : Direct moxibustion were used in 15 articles and indirect moxibustion were used in 19 articles. 11 researches used anti-heating plate for the material beneath moxibustion, one article used steel ring, agar with anti-heating plate, six articles used skin and another six articles used heater. Two articles used animals and another two articles used metals. The mean value of the amount of information was $4.41{\pm}2.94$(SD). Conclusions : Research articles assessing properties of moxibustion have been consistently published since 1993, and employed various methodologies. The amount of information has been associated with four section analysis and is currently decreasing. Research assessing properties of moxibustion with clinical effectiveness is needed.