• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 1986

The rice leaf color, which was one of main factors to determine application time of fertilizers, was analyzed in visible region, while the distinction of photosynthetic pigments controlling the rice leaf color was separated by T.L.C. The light absorption peaks of ethyl ether extracts of rice leaf blades were occurred in 413, 432, 453 and 662nm. Especially, the maximal light absorption was 432nm in blue and 662nm in red region. The both light absorption ratios (blue to red region) was not greatly different among rice ecotypes, whereas decreasing tendency in increased fertilization was observed. There was a significant negative correlation between the both light absorption ratios and the values of color chart, and the content of chlorophyll in rice leaf blades. The composition ratio of chorophyll was larger than that of carotenoid at heading stage, and the carotenoid was larger than the chlorophyll at 30 days after heading. The composition ratio of chlorophyll among photosynthetic pigments according to rice ecotypes, Japonica x Indica cultivars were larger than Japonica cultivars at heading stage, and Japonica cultivars were larger than Japonica x Indica cultivars at 30 days after heading, while carotene was vice versa.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.615-625
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• 1997

An efficient protocol for plant regeneration from protoplasts of the indica rice variety IR43 has been developed. The procedure involved plating of embryogenic suspension-derived protoplasts on the surface of a filter membrane overlaying agarose-embedded feeder cells. Lolium multiflorum cell suspensions were preferable to these of Oryza ridleyi as feeder cells and Lolium suspensions supported colony formation from up to 0.68％ of the protoplasts, depending on the age of cell suspensions. Plant regeneration frequency was significantly improved by using maltose alone or in a 1:1(w/w) combination with sucrose as carbohydrate source and a simple dehydration treatment using a high concentration of agarose in the regeneration medium. Medium containing maltose or maltose mixed with sucrose increased the plant regeneration frequency compared with medium containing sucrose alone. The plant regeneration frequency was increased to 30.7 to 70.7％ following dehydration treatment, while the non-treated controls showed a regeneration frequency of 3.1 to 30.6％. Protoplast-derived plants were transferred to the glasshouse, flowered with morphologically normal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1989

The experiments were carried out to compare the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Japonica type, Indica- Japonica hybrids and its parents. Based on the modified culture medium by Kawata et al., several levels of pH. sucrose and casamino acid were varied in the culture media. The excised root length at 27$^{\circ}C$ incubator was little different between Japonica type and Indica-Japonica hybrids, but at 30$^{\circ}C$ incubator the excised root elongation of Indica-Japonica hybrids was much better than that of Japonica type. The dry matter weight of excised root in Indica- Japonica hybrids was significantly heavier than in Japonica type at both 27 and 30$^{\circ}C$ incubators. The difference of dry root weight between Japonica type and Indica- Japonica hybrids was caused from the number of lateral roots, especially the root numbers of 25 cm length. The main and lateral seminal root growth of Japonica type grew best at the lot of 0.2 percent casamino acid. However, the lots of 0 and 0.2 percent casamino acid showed good results in the main and lateral excised root growth. respectively of Indica-Japonica hydrids. The growth of excised roots was better in Indica-Japonica hybrids than in Japonica type at even various levels of pH, sucrose and casamino acid. Between the parents of Indica - Japonica hybrids, the excised root growth of Indica type was more predominant than that of Japonica type, and the effect of casamino acid on the excised root growth in the formar was similar to that of Indica type. This result indicated that the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Indica Japonica hybrids were derived from the parent, Indica type.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1995

This study was conducted to know how low temperature response of rice varieties is available for breeding lines adapted to cold weather. Some agronomic characters related to cold tolerance were evaluated for 188 varieties including three varietal types of Japonica, Tongil, and Indica. Cold tolerance of Japonica and Indica type varieties varied in leaf discoloration, heading delay, reduction of culm length, panicle number, spikelet number, panicle exsertion, spikelet fertility, and phenotypic acceptability at maturity, while Tongil type varieties were susceptible in most agronomic characters. In leaf discoloration, most Japonica type varieties were highly tolerant, while Indica type varieties showed various responses from tolerant to susceptibility. Not significant difference among three varietal types was observed on reduction of panicle number and spikelet number due to low temperature.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

[ ${\Delta}^1$ ]pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is a proline biosynthetic pathway enzyme and is known for conferring enhanced salt and drought stress in transgenics carrying this gene in a variety of plant species; however, the wild-type P5CS is subjected to feedback control. Therefore, in the present study, we used a mutagenized version of this osmoregulatory gene-P5CSF129A, which is not subjected to feedback control, for producing transgenic indica rice plants of cultivar Karjat-3 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We have used two types of explants for this purpose, namely mature embryo-derived callus and shoot apices. Various parameters for transformation were optimized including antibiotic concentration for selection, duration of cocultivation, addition of phenolic compound, and bacterial culture density. The resultant primary transgenic plants showed more enhanced proline accumulation than their non-transformed counterparts. This proline level was particularly enhanced in the transgenic plants of next generation ($T_1$) under 150 mM NaCl stress. The higher proline level shown by transgenic plants was associated with better biomass production and growth performance under salt stress and lower extent of lipid peroxidation, indicating that overproduction of proline may have a role in counteracting the negative effect of salt stress and higher maintenance of cellular integrity and basic physiological processes under stress.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.1 s.22
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• pp.23-27
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• 1975

Occurrence of sheath rot rice caused by Acrocylindrium oryzae on indica varieties, IR lines and IR varieties was light to moderate in the field, whereas generally none of the recommended japonica varieties showed the disease. In general, percentage infection in the field agreed with that obtained from seed inoculation tests made in the laboratory. Culture filtrates of the fungus inhibited the sprouting of seeds of rice, barley, wheat, rye and rape. A new variety, Tongil obtained from a hybrid between japonica and indica was inhibited significantly more than was Jinheung. Conidial germination of Pyricularia oryzae was inhibited by the filtrate while no inhibitory effects were found on conidia of Cochliobolus miyabeanus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.372-376
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• 1984

Calorie, mineral content and amino acid composition of four japonica, seven $j{\times}indica$ and one waxy milled rice were analyzed. No significant differences in calorie, mineral content and amino acid composition were found between japonica and $j{\times}indica$ rice varieties. Only the variation of methionine among varieties was noticed. The most limiting amine acid of milled rices was lysine.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 1976

To abtain basic information in process developing cold tolerance rice variety, used 8 varieties which are the close crossing and the remote crossing in order to clarify how is being the differences of low temperature injury in same variety and the varietal difference at each growth stage under the low temperature treatment, 18$^{\circ}C$-12$^{\circ}C$ (day-night), and to establish the effective testing method for low temperature injury in rice plant. In this experiment, the varietal ifferences of low temperature injury were significant in rice plant, and found out that low temperature injury at the each growth stage from sowing to heading in same variety was not horizontal.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2017

In this study, we attempted to find alternative materials to rice bran (Japonica in Korea) such as rice bran pellet (Indica in Pakistan), corn distillers dried grains with solubles, sesame oil meal, and kapok meal for bottle cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii. Among all treatments, the total carbon content of the mixed substrate was the highest in T1 and the total nitrogen content was the highest in T4. The C/N ratio of T2 was comparable to that of the control and was higher than that of other treatments. The diameter of the pileus was the largest in T1 and T2, and the length of the stipe was the largest in T1 and T2. The yield and bio-efficiency of the fruit body were higher in T2 than in the other treatments, and were similar to that of the control plot. Therefore, the findings of our study suggest that rice bran pellet (Indica in Pakistan) could be a suitable alternative to rice bran (Japonica in Korea) for the cultivation of P. eryngii.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1981

To clarify the relationship between rice cool injury and the contents of silica and phosphorus in the soils and the rice plant, the investigation was carried out at ripening stage of rice from the different altitudes with different varieties throughout Yeongnam area. The rate of fertilized spikelets were decreased with elevation increase and the situation was distincted in the Japonica cross Indica hybrid varieties. The higher rates of $SiO_2/P_2 O_5$ content in the leaves and stems or lower rates of that in the soils show the higher fertilization rates. The result seems to be caused by the different solubility and uptakes of silica and by the different availability and transformation of phosphorus. A positive correlation was observed between the content of silica in rice plant and the fertilization rates. The fertilization rate in Japonica varieties was higher than that of Indica cross Japonica hybrid varieties in the case of the same content of silica in plant as far as observed, but the increasing rate of fertilized grains due to increase of silica content was prominented in the hybrid varieties which probably demand more silica. Within the certain limit of silica and phosphorus content in rice plant, the more uptaking of silica might lessen the cool injury.