• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1981

Polypenol oxidase activity in the petals of Chysanthemum indicum var. indica Max. (f.sin-dong-a) and the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris var. indica Max was estimated by means of Warburg's manometric method. The browning reaction in owing to the oxidation of chlorogenic acid with polyphenol oxidase.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-42
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• 2017

This study investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yanggaeng prepared with various amounts of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder (as ratios of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% to the total materials). According to the results, the pH of yanggaeng decreased significantly with the addition of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder (p<0.001). Increasing the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder in the yanggaeng tended to increased $^{\circ}Brix$ value (p<0.01). For color values, lightness (L) values were reduced by increasing the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder, redness (a) and yellowness (b) while values were increased significantly (p<0.001). Texture measurement scores in terms of hardness, springness, and Adhesiveness for yanggaeng showed that sample groups were lower than those of the control group. Cohesivene and chewiness were higher in the additive group than in the control group. Antioxidant activities, evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging capacity, Nitrites cavenging activity, and total phenolic substances content increased when increased the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder (p<0.001). Results of descriptive analysis showed that by increasing the amount of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder, some attributes such as the intensity of the color, sweet, hardness and chewiness increased (p<0.01). It concluded that yanggaeng containing Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten can be prepared with good sensory properties and antioxidant activities, and the addition of 3% Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder was found to be ideal. Sensory evaluation scores in terms of color, odor, taste, texture, and overall preference of groups with 3% of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder did not show any significant differences when compared to the control group. Based on the above results, this study suggests that the addition of 3% Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten powder may be the best substitution ratio for yanggaeng.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 1991

A few Korean native rice cultivars, 'Sharei' and red rice which are regarded as weedy rice and a rice sample enshrined in the Buddha's Image were examined for the grain shape, seed coat color, amylose content, alkali digestibility and esterase response pattern. Among the Korean native varieties which are collected during 1920's and preserved up to now, there are some varieties belong to the typical Indicas. Some lines of 'Sharei' and some collections of red rice from farmer's field showed the evidence of Indica rice. A rice sample which was enshrined in the Buddha's image in 1302 looked like a mixtures of Indica and Japonica. Reviewing the articles from the old books describing characteristics and some reports on the Indica rice in Korea, it was deduced that the Indica rice was grown in Korea in some extent before 1300.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Effect of automobile polluted soil with five soil concentration (0 (Control), 25, 50, 75 and 100%) was observed on early seedling growth performance and biomass production of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). The treatment of 75% automobile polluted soil significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the seedling length (18.60 cm) of A. indica. The automobile polluted soil treatment with the concentration of 50% slightly increased the root length as compared to control. The automobile polluted soil treatment with the concentration of 25, 50, 75 and 100% negatively affected shoot length of A. indica as compared to control. The treatment of all concentration of automobile polluted soil progressively decreased the total leaf area A. indica as compared to control soil treatment. The automobile polluted soils also showed negative effects on biomass production of A. indica. The automobile polluted soil treatment at 25% concentration significantly (p < 0.05) affected shoot, leaves and seedling dry weight of A. indica as compared to control soil treatment. The order of relationship between production of A. indica's seedling dry weight and automobile polluted soil treatment was observed as root > shoot > leaves > total seedling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2001

Authors evaluated the feasibility of a permeable reactive biobarrier (PRB) treated with biofilm formed by Beijerinckia indica (B.indica). This study focused on evaluating two potentials of B.indica for the requirements of PRB: reducing the hydraulic conductivity and degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The hydraulic conductivity was estimated by rigid wall column test and finally the values were converted to the values of intrinsic permeability. The nutrient solution was passed through the biobarrier column to activate the bacterium and then leachate was in turn carried into the column to evaluate the durability of the biobarrier. Phenanthrene was selected as a representative substance of PAHs. The ability of degrading phenanthrene by B.indica was evaluated by two-phase partitioning bioreactor after estimating the possibility with two pretests: observing the colony formation and the optical density on glucose-free medium containing phenanthrene. With the results, B.indica produced large amount of strongly adhesive exopolysaccharides (EPS) and reduced several orders of magnitude of the hydraulic conductivity after 2 weeks of cultivation. Furthermore, about 1000mg/1 of phenanthrene could be degraded by B.indica in the two-phase partitioning bioreactor. In conclusion, the application of the bacterium, B.indica, was found to have a potential role of a PRB to retain and remove contaminants in porous media.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.539-544
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative, anti-wrinkle and whitening effect of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke was extracted by two different solvents which were n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The anti-oxidant activity was measured by free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). And the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase for whitening effect and collagenase for anti-wrinkle were investigated. For anti-oxidant activity and whitening activity, ethyl acetate fraction of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract showed more significant activity than n-hexane fraction of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract. For anti-wrinkle activity, ethyl acetate fraction of Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract exhibited strong inhibition effects compared with reference. Therefore, Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke extract may be useful as a new antioxidant and anti-aging agent.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of soybean curd prepared with Opuntia ficus-indica fruit, freeze-dried Opuntia ficus-indica fruit powder, or heat-dried Opuntia ficus-indica fruit powder, without addition of a coagulant. The yield rates of the soybean curd were slightly decreased for the three curds containing Opuntia ficus-indica fruit; this was accompanied by a significant decrease in pH. Furthermore, the hardness and springiness of soybean curds coagulated with added freeze-dried Opuntia ficus-indica fruit powder or heat-dried Opuntia ficus-indica fruit powder were higher than the hardness and springiness of the coagulated controls. However, the cohesiveness and brittleness of two soybean curds were lower than for the controls, while the gumminess of the four soybean curds containing control fruit was the same. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred soybean curd was the curd containing freeze-dried Opuntia ficus-indica fruit powder.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder on the quality of noodles. Noodles containing 04.5% of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder were prepared for test the quality of mechanical and sensory characteristics. Moisture content of noodles with or without Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder was 32∼33%. In Hunter's color values of noodles of control, the lightness(L) was 74.21, redness(a) was -2.40 and yellowness(b) was 5.52. The lightness(L) of noodles was decreased by the increasing concentration of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder. The redness(a) and yellowness(b) were increased by the increasing concentration of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder. In mechanical characteristics of noodles, strength, hardness and brittleness were increased with increasing concentration of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder. In sensory evaluation, color of noodles in C group(0.3％) and D group(0.5%) addded Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder were significantly higher score than control group(p＜0.05). Overall, Noodle added 0.3% of Opuntia ficus-indica var. Saboten powder showed the highest preference in sensory evaluation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1989

The experiments were carried out to compare the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Japonica type, Indica- Japonica hybrids and its parents. Based on the modified culture medium by Kawata et al., several levels of pH. sucrose and casamino acid were varied in the culture media. The excised root length at 27$^{\circ}C$ incubator was little different between Japonica type and Indica-Japonica hybrids, but at 30$^{\circ}C$ incubator the excised root elongation of Indica-Japonica hybrids was much better than that of Japonica type. The dry matter weight of excised root in Indica- Japonica hybrids was significantly heavier than in Japonica type at both 27 and 30$^{\circ}C$ incubators. The difference of dry root weight between Japonica type and Indica- Japonica hybrids was caused from the number of lateral roots, especially the root numbers of 25 cm length. The main and lateral seminal root growth of Japonica type grew best at the lot of 0.2 percent casamino acid. However, the lots of 0 and 0.2 percent casamino acid showed good results in the main and lateral excised root growth. respectively of Indica-Japonica hydrids. The growth of excised roots was better in Indica-Japonica hybrids than in Japonica type at even various levels of pH, sucrose and casamino acid. Between the parents of Indica - Japonica hybrids, the excised root growth of Indica type was more predominant than that of Japonica type, and the effect of casamino acid on the excised root growth in the formar was similar to that of Indica type. This result indicated that the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Indica Japonica hybrids were derived from the parent, Indica type.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.613-619
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• 2000

The author examined whether the methanol extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit and Saururus chinensis have the inhibitory action on xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO)-, $FeCl_2/ascorbic$ acid- and arachidonic acid-induced neurotoxicity in mouse cortical cell cultures. The methanol extracts ($10\;{\mu}g/ml{\sim}1\;mg/ml$) of Opuntia ficus-indica and Saururus chinensis were exhibited 53-89% and $48{\sim}100%$ inhibitory action on X/XO-induced neurotoxicity, respectively. At the range of same concentration, both extracts also attenuated the $FeCl_2/ascorbic$ acid-induced neurotoxicity by $35{\sim}100%$ and $15{\sim}98%$, respectively. In arachidonic acid neurotoxicity, the methanol extract (1 mg/ml) of Opuntia ficus-indica and Saururus chinensis reduced neuronal injury by 22% and 38%, respectively. These results suggest that Opuntia ficus-indica fruit and Saururus chinensis may contribute the neuroprotection in certain free radical-mediated neuronal injury.