• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to prove the fundamental existence and uniqueness theorems for lightlike curves in a 6-dimensional semi-Euclidean space Rq of index q, since the general n-dimensional cases are too complicated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2000

Using spectral sequences we calculate the highest nonvanishing index of Tor for modules of finite projective dimension. The result is applied to compute the depth of the highest nonvanishing Tor. This is one of the cases when a problem of Auslander is positive.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2002

From 1994-2001, 25 mutilated digits were reconstructed with immediate toe-to-hand transfer in acute hand injury in 21 patients. There were 15 cases of great toe-to-hand transfer(partial great toe transfer 8 cases, modified wrap-around procedure 2 cases, and trimmed great toe transfer 2 cases) for thumb reconstruction, 2 cases of second toe transfer for index reconstruction, and 4 cases of simultaneous two toe-to-hand transfer(great toe & second toe transfer 1 case, bilateral second-toe transfer 2 cases, combined second & third toe transfer 1 case) for reconstruction of multiple digit amputations. Two cases of emergency exploration(2/25, 8%) were successfully salvaged. The incidence of emergency exploration and postoperative infection was not significantly different from that of the elective toe-to-hand transfer cases. Duration of industrial insurance coverage was 225 days, which is much shorter than that of elective cases. Among 43% of patients maintained their original job even after injury and immediate toe-to-hand transfer. The subjective satisfaction self- assessment scores of aesthetic appearance and function on the new reconstructed thumb were 80 and 88 in average, respectively, over a total score of 100. These were higher than those of reconstruction of other digits, but lower than those of elective reconstruction. The donor site after harvest of the great toe was mostly unsatisfied in a view of appearance. Immediate toe-to-hand transfer provides many advantages over elective procedure in acute hand injuries such as single stage reconstruction, shortened convalescent period, early return to work and efficient socio-economic factor. Furthermore because there were no significant differences in success rate, frequency of complications or ultimate functional result, immediate toe-to-hand transfer is a safe and reliable procedure in case of limited indications for acute digits loss.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2019

Scabies is a parasitic skin infection with intense itching. Scabies infection seriously impairs quality of life, while outbreaks in medical institutions cause financial losses. This study aimed to present the annual and seasonal trend of prevalence of scabies in the national population. Scabies cases were extracted from National Health Insurance Service database and its epidemiologic characteristics were assessed. To analyze the seasonality of scabies occurrence, temperature and humidity were included in the model as weather factors, and the per capita gross national income index was adjusted. The annual prevalence by age group was 0.56-0.69 per 1,000 persons until the age of 40 years and peaked at 3.0-4.1 per 1,000 persons in the age group over 80 years. The number of women diagnosed with scabies has been consistently higher compared to that of men since 2010. Mean number of cases diagnosed as scabies was lowest in spring, approximately 4,000 cases, when the average temperature was less than $5^{\circ}C$ at 2 months prior, whereas more than 6,000 scabies cases occurred in autumn when temperatures exceeded $25^{\circ}C$ at 2 months prior. This study presents the epidemiological characteristics and seasonality of all cases nationwide over 8 years and will help to establish control policies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Objective: Second primary malignancy (SPM) that occur in various period and region are important factors that deteriorate long-term survival rate in patients who recovered from oral cancer. Researches such as chemoprevention are being tried to reduce occurrence of SPMs. Only if analysis of clinical features of patients who develop SPM such as period, region and factors precedes, adequate prevention and treatment of SPM is possible. But, there are few researches about clinical features of SPMs that have primary lesion in oral cavity. In this study, we analysis that occurrence rates, regions that happen, risk factors and effect to survival rates of 2nd primary malignancies in oral cancer patients. From this survey, we willing to collect basic data for prevention and early diagnosis of SPMs. Methods: The medical records of 139 patients of oral oncology clinic of National Cancer Center who had up to 2-years follow up records after surgical or radiological treatment due to squamus cell carcinoma of oral cavity were reviewed. In these patients, survey of occurrence rate of SPMs, duration, survival rate and risk factors about occurrence of SPMs such as history of smoking, body mass index, age, sex, stage of primary lesion and history of radiologic treatment were achieved. Results: There are 15 patients who developed SPM in 139 cases. The actual occurrence rate of SPM was 10.79% and SPM were more likely to occur in male patients with 11 male Vs 4 female patients. Median age of these patient is 61.47 within 32 to 74 range. The regions that develop SPM are oral cavities (2 cases), stomach (4 cases), esophagus (2 cases), lung (2 cases) and others (1 case each breast, larynx, cervix, liver and kidney). In addition, metachronous cancers were 11 cases which happened more common than 4cases of synchronous cancers. Surveys of risk factors that relate to development of SPMs, such as sex, age, history of radiologic treatment, body mass index, history of smoking and stage of primary disease were done. Among them, factor of sex is only appear statistically significant (P=0.001), but rest are not significant in statistically. Conclusion: Occurrence rates of SPMs were reported from 10% to 20% by precede study. In this study, occurrence rate of SPMs is 10.79% that is similar to results of precede research. In comparison of 5-yr survival rates of groups that develop SPMs or not, there is statistically significance between two groups. Present treatment modalities of SPMs are surgical operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combination of these modalities. In choosing the treatment modality, we must consider the first treatment modality, region of primary disease, region of SPMs and general conditions of patient. Because development of SPMs have big effect on prognosis, prevention of SPMs must regard to important objective of treatments in patients of SCCa in oral cavity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.285-294
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• 2008

Objective: Jugular foramen schwannomas are uncommon pathological conditions. This article is constituted for screening these tumors in a wide perspective. Materials: One-hundred-and-ninty-nine patients published in 19 articles between 1984 to 2007 years was collected from Medline/Index Medicus. Results: The series consist of 83 male and 98 female. The mean age of 199 operated patients was 40.4 years. The lesion located on the right side in 32 patients and on the left side in 60 patients. The most common presenting clinical symptoms were hearing loss, tinnitus, disphagia, ataxia, and hoarseness. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 159 patients. In fourteen patients tumor reappeared unexpectedly. The tumor was thought to originate from the glossopharyngeal nerve in forty seven cases; vagal nerve in twenty six cases; and cranial accessory nerve in eleven cases. The most common postoperative complications were lower cranial nerve palsy and facial nerve palsy. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis, aspiration pneumonia and mastoiditis were seen as other complications. Conclusion: This review shows that jugular foramen schwannomas still have prominently high morbidity and those complications caused by postoperative lower cranial nerve injury are life threat.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed a heuristic algorithm to assign job to workers in parallel line inspection process without sequence. Objective of assigning job in inspection process is only to assign job to workers evenly. But this objective needs much time and effort since there are many cases in assigning job and cases increase geometrically if the number of job and worker increases. In order to solve this problem, we proposed heuristic algorithm to assign job to workers evenly. Experiments of assigning job are performed to evaluate performance of this heuristic algorithm. The result shows that heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution to assign job to workers evenly in many type of cases. Especially, in case there are more than two optimal solutions, this heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution with 98% accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of distraction osteogenesis for fourth brachymetatarsia. Materials and Methods: Seven patients (10 cases) who were treated by distraction osteogenesis for fourth brachymetatarsia from March 2000 to December 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The average length gain of fourth metatarsus was 16.6 mm (37%) and the average healing index was 50 days/cm. The final results according to AOFAS functional scale were excellent in 8 cases and good in 2 cases. Conclusion: Distraction osteogenesis is an effective treatment for fourth brachymetatarsia in spite of some minor complications.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of these 3 cases study is to report the effects of psoriasis children treated by oriental medicine. Methods The subjects are 3 children diagnosed as having psoriasis. These patients were treated by oriental herbal medicine(Bangpungtongsungsan). We observed the improvement of skin condition by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) score. Results After treatment, the symptoms of psoriasis were relieved. PASI score of three children in psoriasis was respectively changed from 7 to 0, 2.4 to 0, 3.6 to 0. Conclusions This study shows that Bangpungtongsungsan can be an effective treatment for psoriasis. Further study in needed with more cases of treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2000

Objective : To study the expression of apoptosis and bcl-2 in the astrocytic tumors. Patients and Methods : A total of thirty-eight astrocytomas(9 cases in low grade astrocytoma, 12 cases in anaplastic astrocytoma and 17 cases in glioblastoma) are included in this study. Immunohistochemical stain for bcl-2 using monoclonal antibody, in situ end labelling technique for apoptosis were used. Results : The malignant group(anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma) showed significantly higher apoptosis positive index(PI) compared to the benign group(low grade astrocytoma)(1.35 vs 0.14). However apoptosis PI and bcl-2 PI were not significantly different among three groups. Correlation between apoptosis PI and bcl-2 PI was not statistically significant(p=0.58). Conclusion : This result suggest that apoptosis PI and bcl-2 PI are not related the degree of malignancy in astrocytic neoplasm, but apoptosis PI in malignant group was higher possibly due to greater DNA damage.