• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

This study is focused on the indeterminancy of the contemporary social structure based on the philosophical concept of relationship. The indeterminate relationship is one of the prominent characteristics of contemporary architecture. This study aims to clarity the indeterminate programs of the contemporary urban spatial structures. By tracing this new characteristics of new architectural trend, the spatial situations of could be understood in light of new conceptual frame as well as some relevant architectural project cases.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.6 s.53
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

This study is focused on the indeterminacy of the contemporary social structure based on the philosophical concept of relationship. The purpose of this study is to present the index of the space planning that the contemporary society demands through analysis of a characteristics of the indeterminate program. As the result, we got a characteristic and a design method of the following indeterminate programs. (1)The characteristic of the interior space programs are in such cases as combined, the continuance, the pile, the juxtaposition, mixing and interference etc. (2) The characteristics of space planning are multiple changes of the space occupation, various sight experiences, folding structure, expansion of flow space, the insertion of a between spates etc. (3) The characteristic of space design expression is addition of various functions tv unification of a structural element and an element of furniture.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.264-274
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing was comprehensively analyzed and compared with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: In 5,676 GC cases, PCR-based MSI testing using five microsatellites (BAT-26, BAT-25, D5S346, D2S123, and D17S250) and IHC for MLH1 were performed. Reevaluation of MSI testing/MLH1 IHC and additional IHC for MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were performed in discordant/indeterminate cases. Results: Of the 5,676 cases, microsatellite stable (MSS)/MSI-low and intact MLH1 were observed in 5,082 cases (89.5%), whereas MSI-high (MSI-H) and loss of MLH1 expression were observed in 502 cases (8.8%). We re-evaluated the remaining 92 cases (1.6%) with a discordant/indeterminate status. Re-evaluation showed 1) 37 concordant cases (0.7%) (18 and 19 cases of MSI-H/MMR-deficient (dMMR) and MSS/MMR-proficient (pMMR), respectively), 2) 6 discordant cases (0.1%) (3 cases each of MSI-H/pMMR and MSS/dMMR), 3) 14 MSI indeterminate cases (0.2%) (1 case of dMMR and 13 cases of pMMR), and 4) 35 IHC indeterminate cases (0.6%) (22 and 13 cases of MSI-H and MSS, respectively). Finally, MSI-H or dMMR was observed in 549 cases (9.7%), of which 47 (0.8%) were additionally confirmed as MSI-H or dMMR by reevaluation. Sensitivity was 99.3% for MSI testing and 95.4% for MMR IHC. Conclusions: Considering the low incidence of MSI-H or dMMR, discordant/indeterminate results were occasionally identified in GCs, in which case complementary testing is required. These findings could help improve the accuracy of MSI/MMR testing in daily practice.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.204-211
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics and expression methods of contemporary art museums from the perspective of 'Rhizome', which is considered under similar context as 'indeterminacy' that represents the characteristics of contemporary public spaces. Methods of this study are as follows. First, necessity of this study is verified by investigating literature data and preceding studies, and by examining the fact that indeterminate characteristic is a new approach to contemporary public spaces. Second, in order to analyze Rhizomic expression in public spaces, analysis criteria are suggested by extracting components of public spaces and spatial characteristics of R150hizome from the literature. Third, Rhizomic characteristics and expression methods used in contemporary art museums are understood based on such analysis criteria. Fourth, when each spatial characteristic is expressed in art museums, the study found out that two factors among 'program', 'circulation', and 'form' are planned out as a mixture. Therefore, 'cohesion' is expressed as 'program' and 'form' in contemporary public spaces viewed from the perspective of 'Rhizome'. Also, 'diversity' is actively expressed through 'program' and 'circulation', and 'non-hierarchy' through 'form' and 'circulation'. Such methods are positive methods of expressing indeterminate contemporary public spaces. Since this study conducted analysis on characteristics and expression methods of public spaces from Rhizomic perspective of contemporary society, such results are deemed valuable in planning out public spaces that reflect the characteristics of contemporary society.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 2019

In the indeterminate chronic period of Chagas disease (ChD) the treatment has not been conclusive, because the serological negativization requires many years. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of nifurtimox (NF) in the treatment of chronic ChD in prolonged follow-up by serological techniques of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG comparing 2 groups of patients, treated and non treated. Mann-Whitney test was performed for ELISA and IFA, with significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). IgG levels were lower in individuals treated compared with untreated patients, indicating chemotherapeutic efficacy in prolonged follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

Generally, cable-stayed bridges are both statically indeterminate structure with a high degree of redundancy and flexible structure. So it is very important to ensure precision control during both fabrication and construction. In precision control of cable-stayed bridges, precision control under multi-objective programming method is needed, because precision control problem of cable-stayed bridges is a multi-objective programming problem in which many objective functions are regard as variables. In previous studies, it was regarded as a single-objective problem, so it had many problems in respect of usefulness and rationalness. In this study, precision control under multi-objective programming method is proposed considering economy, efficiency, and safety at best in precision control of cable-stayed bridges. Precision control problem of cable-stayed bridges is formulated with satisfying trade-off method which is a kind of multi-objective programming method, then it is optimized with min-max method. A computer program is presented including above process.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.80-90
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• 2004

Scientism is a kind of paradigm since the birth of Modernism. Architectural design was also effected from scientism in the 1st Machine age, and being effected still In the End Machine age. But many architects in the 2nd Machine age express scientism in architectural design as a "science for kick" as SF. The design of Rem Koolhaas follows the line of Modernism which was effected from scientism in many ways. However he shows modified machine aesthetics as SF pataphysics mixed with literary imagination, and now shows new science paradigm in post-modern age. He expresses many new science theory like indeterminacy theory, chaos, catastrophe theory in his works. And those are expressed as indeterminate program that proceeds in non-linear way, rhizome in space, order out of chaos, topological metamorphosis as a catastrophe. This study analyzes the expression of scientism in architectural design of Rem Koolhaas since 1970s.nce 1970s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2006

Various kinds discussion are brought up to the table about modern social phenomenons that are practically difficult sometimes even impossible to predict in field of architecture. At the very moment, 'landscape' emerged as an important concept defining contemporary architecture a very different way. Architects have and still are processing various experiments with the changed concept of 'landscape' as it became new means to construct reality. In modern cities that have possibility and potential energy, many architects have proposed 'Landscape architecture' as an architecture mode that have indeterminacy and open to all possibilities. The present study analyzes the characteristics of landscaping that appear in contemporary architecture and interior space in recent years, and present landscape as a new possibility in interior space.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.149-171
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• 2012

The problem of a concrete cross section under flexural and axial loading is indeterminate due to the existence of more unknowns than equations. Among the infinite solutions, it is possible to find the optimum, which is that of minimum reinforcement that satisfies certain design constraints (section ductility, minimum reinforcement area, etc.). This article proposes the automation of the optimum reinforcement calculation under any combination of flexural and axial loading. The procedure has been implemented in a program code that is attached in the Appendix. Conventional-strength or high-strength concrete may be chosen, minimum reinforcement area may be considered (it being possible to choose between the standards ACI 318 or Eurocode 2), and the neutral axis depth may be constrained in order to guarantee a certain sectional ductility. Some numerical examples are presented, drawing comparisons between the results obtained by ACI 318, EC 2 and the conventional method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2008

Plane steel portal frames, with pitched roof, exposed to fire, are examined. First, a determinate frame is analysed by hand. For flexible columns and shallow roof, snap-through occurs before plastic hinges mechanism is formed. An indeterminate frame with shorter columns and taller roof is also analysed by hand. Then, the same frame is simulated by a truss and a nonlinear static analysis is performed by use of a short computer program. The results of computer analysis by use of truss model are compared with those of analysis by hand and a satisfactory approximation between them is observed.