• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 1995

This study was conducted with the subject of showing the importance of early rehabilitation and exercise therapy in patients who have stroke, of confirming the adavntage of ward exercise conducted by nurse, which had been conducted mainly by physical therapist only in physical thrapy room and of developing the exercise program as the independent rehabilitation nursing intervention. A total of 62 patients were selected as object from April, 5th, to May, 17th, 1995, who had been hospitalized in K medical center, and the half of them were assigned to Experimental group in ramdom assignment using a coin. It was ADL check list tool developed by Kang and Ward Exercise Program developed by the researcher that were used as a treatment. Ward Exercise Program was conducted by the reseacher and the physical therapist measured ADL score before and after Ward Exercise Program. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, pearson correlation, Chi-Square test and the effect of Ward Exercise Program was analyzed by t-tast. The result of this study is as follows. 1. The experimental group showed eminent improvement of ADL compared with the counter group with statistical significance. In eating(t=6.10, df=60, p=.000), personal hygiene performing(t=4.86, df=60, p=.000), wearing(t=5.86, df=60, p=.000), elimination(t=7.89, df=60, p=.000), mobility on the bed(t=13.36, df=60, p=.000), moving(t=9.11, df=60, p=.000), walking(t=7.45, df=60, p=.000) 2. There was no qualitative difference between experimental group and control group with the significance of $p{\le}.05$. 3. There was no relation between the general condition and the difference of ADL, while there was significant relation between the starting point of exercise and the difference of pre-exercise and post exercise ADL. As a result, it should be emphasized that the early rehabilitation and exercise therapy are important in patients who have stroke, and that it is necessary to extend the exercise therapy to the ward. Therefore, this Ward Exercise Program could be recommended as a independent clinical exercise nursing intervention in rehabilitation nursing of patients who have stroke.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.150-161
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for the effective development and operation of forest healing by analysing the preference of adults on the forest therapy program. The survey of 516 normal adults on the forest therapy program was conducted. Using SPSS 21.0 Program, data analysis of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of each program confirmed number of covariate, and so we conducted a factor analysis to short meaningful data. And then we looked at the forest healing program preference difference according to demographic characteristics(sex, age, residence, occupation) through reliability analysis, frequency analysis, T-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA). Facter analysis was performed by use of the VariMax orthogonal rotation factor analysis to abbreviate 37 forest therapy program. Through this, the program has been reduced such as 7 program group(1: psychology-based treatment, 2: teaching and counselling-based treatment, 3: camping and forest bath-based treatment, 4: diet-based treatment, 5: nature and plant-based treatment, 6: meditation-based treatment, 7: respiration and yoga-based treatment) and 7 independent programs(1: sleeping in the forest, 2: vision quest, 3: soaking in water, 4: walking wearing shoes, 5: viewing the forest, 6: mountaineering, 7: athletics in the forest). With this criterion, the forest therapy program difference in accordance with sex, age, residence, occupation has been investigated. First, it was verified that there was a significant difference between male and female in the group of such as psychology-based treatment, diet-based treatment, mountaineering. Second, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as teaching and counselling-based treatment, camping and forest bath-based treatment, nature and plant-based treatment, respiration and yoga-based treatment, athletics in the forest. Third, according to the residence, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as psychology-based treatment, teaching and counselling-based treatment, diet-based treatment, nature and plant-based treatment, meditation-based treatment, vision quest, mountaineering, athletics in the forest. Fourth, according to the occupation, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as nature and plant-based treatment, medication-based treatment, vision quest, walking wearing shoes, viewing the forest, mountaineering. As shown before, it seems to be necessary that we should be mindful of this investigation which shows variety of preference of adults on the forest therapy program according to demographic characteristics. We expect the results of this study to be utilized as basic data for the development of forest therapy program targeting on adults.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of customized foot orthotics on lower extremity muscle activity and fatigue during march in combat boots. Four volunteers with normal foot and five volunteers with excessive pronation foot among soldiers on service were fitted with foot orthotics. The electromyography signal from activity of low extremity muscles were collected with surface electromyography device during walking on the treadmill. The walk on the treadmill was performed with a speed of 4.5 km/h. The experiment design for reseach wes composed two experimentation. The first experiment was to examine the muscle activity of lower extremity between normal foot and excessive pronator foot during march. The second experiment was to examine the muscle activity of lower extremity between wearing orthotics and no wearing orthotics. These data were analyzed by the averaged integral EMG and the mean power frequency. The analyzed results were compared by independent T-test method and paired T-test method of SPSS(windows version 12.0). The result of the study were the muscle activity on pronator foot tend to increase during march but a statistically significant increase in muscle fatigue of vastus lateralis and fibularis longus. A statistically significant decrease in muscle activity of anterior tibialis and fibularis longus and fatigue occurred using the customized foot orthotics in volunteers with excessive pronation foot compared to volunteers with normal foot. Clinically, the application of orthotics for the soldiers with excessive pronation foot appears to delay muscle fatigue and prevent from variable foot injuries. This may contribute to enhancing fighting efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Although the Dreamland site was the only flat amusement park in the northern part of Seoul, the site lost its function as a regional park due to aging and, therefore, was no longer in use. The site is surrounded by currently existing high dense low-story housing blocks and proposed new towns. A renovation plan for Dreamland was raised by the City of Seoul to enhance the quality of the urban environment in the northern part of Seoul. This study articulates the design concepts and strategies of the prizewinning work of the International Design Competition for Gangbuk Large Park. The three key points can be summarized as follows: First, this design proposal tried to find a new possibility for a large mountain park in an urban areas. These days, mountain parks are used limitedly as ordinary living spaces for activities such as a walking, hiking, and physical training. New strategies were sought to reconstruct the sentiment with which our ancestors enjoyed the mountains. Second, this proposal tried to make Dreamland a socially self-sufficient park. We designed a park which generates self-energy and which communicates with the city, not a park which only exists as a green island in a city. Lastly, rain fed paddy fields, a typical Korean vernacular landscape, was a tangible space which represented people's life-styles harmonizing with the nature. Rain fed paddy fields is a design motif which puts the three surrounding mountains together with the site. It is expected that the new design will works as a noted place.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.880-884
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• 2001

Rumen microbiology research has undergone several evolutionary steps: the isolation and nutritional characterization of readily cultivated microbes; followed by the cloning and sequence analysis of individual genes relevant to key digestive processes; through to the use of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences for a cultivation-independent examination of microbial diversity. Our knowledge of rumen microbiology has expanded as a result, but the translation of this information into productive alterations of ruminal function has been rather limited. For instance, the cloning and characterization of cellulase genes in Escherichia coli has yielded some valuable information about this complex enzyme system in ruminal bacteria. SSU rRNA analyses have also confirmed that a considerable amount of the microbial diversity in the rumen is not represented in existing culture collections. However, we still have little idea of whether the key, and potentially rate-limiting, gene products and (or) microbial interactions have been identified. Technologies allowing high throughput nucleotide and protein sequence analysis have led to the emergence of two new fields of investigation, genomics and proteomics. Both disciplines can be further subdivided into functional and comparative lines of investigation. The massive accumulation of microbial DNA and protein sequence data, including complete genome sequences, is revolutionizing the way we examine microbial physiology and diversity. We describe here some examples of our use of genomics- and proteomics-based methods, to analyze the cellulase system of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and explore the genome of Ruminococcus albus 8. At Illinois, we are using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors to create libraries containing large (>75 kbases), contiguous segments of DNA from R. flavefaciens FD-1. Considering that every bacterium is not a candidate for whole genome sequencing, BAC libraries offer an attractive, alternative method to perform physical and functional analyses of a bacterium's genome. Our first plan is to use these BAC clones to determine whether or not cellulases and accessory genes in R. flavefaciens exist in clusters of orthologous genes (COGs). Proteomics is also being used to complement the BAC library/DNA sequencing approach. Proteins differentially expressed in response to carbon source are being identified by 2-D SDS-PAGE, followed by in-gel-digests and peptide mass mapping by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, as well as peptide sequencing by Edman degradation. At Ohio State, we have used a combination of functional proteomics, mutational analysis and differential display RT-PCR to obtain evidence suggesting that in addition to a cellulosome-like mechanism, R. albus 8 possesses other mechanisms for adhesion to plant surfaces. Genome walking on either side of these differentially expressed transcripts has also resulted in two interesting observations: i) a relatively large number of genes with no matches in the current databases and; ii) the identification of genes with a high level of sequence identity to those identified, until now, in the archaebacteria. Genomics and proteomics will also accelerate our understanding of microbial interactions, and allow a greater degree of in situ analyses in the future. The challenge is to utilize genomics and proteomics to improve our fundamental understanding of microbial physiology, diversity and ecology, and overcome constraints to ruminal function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a difference in the awareness of death based on happiness (since attitude or way of life differs among the general public, depending on the perception of death), and to investigate whether there is a difference in the interest in hospices between a group with a high happiness index and a group with a low happiness index. A survey was conducted on 200 men and women aged over 20 who participated in a walking event held in a metropolitan city on April 22, 2017. The survey consisted of eight demographic items: gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, family cohabitation, religion, and health status. It included 29 questions regarding happiness and nine questions regarding the perception of death. For the statistical tests, a chi-square test, an independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, and canonical correlation analysis were performed on the items of the survey based on a happiness index. The results of the study showed that, for a suitable place for death, medical institutions was the highest score (46.3%) for the group with a low happiness index, and own house was highest (59.4%) for the group with a high happiness index. This was a significant difference. It is thought that management systems should be supplemented by professional manpower, educating people so as to increase the utilization rates of home-based hospice as a way for patients to die in a comfortable and familiar place because, for Korea, death is much more common in hospitals. It is also necessary to increase the awareness of death and to make effective use of hospices through individual and various other approaches, considering the demographics of the subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.422-428
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of trunk stability exercise on knee function, balance and gait in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. The subjects of this study were recruited from individuals diagnosed with degenerative arthritis who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Overall, 24 patients were randomly divided into a control groups and an experimental groups (12 each). The trunk stability exercise was conducted for 4 weeks with three exercises developed in a previous study. The measurement tools used were knee function measurements based on the Lysholm knee score, balance ability measured using a test of TUG and OLS, and a walking ability test measured using a 10MWT. Pre and post test results were within groups were compared using the paired t-test, whole differences between groups were compared using the independent t-test. The experimental group showed significantly enhanced results relative to the control group (p<0.05). Based on these results, trunk stability exercise in parallel with knee joint therapy effectively improves the recovery of patients with total knee arthroplasty.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine how the cognitive state of the elderly influences the activities of daily living(ADL) in order to increase their achievement capacity and their ability to exercise this capacity in daily life. The MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean) was used to evaluate the daily activities and cognitive state of a group of subjects more than 65 years of age. The goal was to understand (1) How their achievement level in their daily activities changes according to the increase and decrease of their cognition points by analyzing and comparing their achievement points in the mental state examination, and (2) What variables influence that daily achievement level. Methods: The survey was conducted by a group of students from AnSan College who were trained for this method of data collection. The group surveyed 224 senior citizens older than 65 to determine their ADL performance. The subjects were selected from Silver Care Centers in the Gyounggi Province area including centers in Suwon, Anyang, Kwachun, and Sanbon City. The subjects were given enough information to fully understand the purpose of the study and the method by which it would be conducted. The survey method was a direct interview: which involved an interviewer reading the questionnaire to the subject and recording the answer. Result: The following results were calculated using SPSS WIN ver. 13.0: In the lower score of the MMSE-K regarding ADL performance (K-MBI) for activities such as individual hygiene, bathing activity, food activity, toilet management, going up stairs, getting dressed ad undressed, controlling stools and urination, walking, and chair/bed movement, most of the subjects responded that they could not perform these activities by themselves (p<.01). In the higher scores for the same activities, most response that they could perform the tasks by themselves (p<.01). In the results of the multiple regression analysis, there influence of the variables for ADL performance (K-MBI) and MMSE-K score was higher for females than males. Conclusion: This study evaluated the cognitive state of the elderly using the MMSE-K, which is the most convenient method, and examined how the cognitive state influences the achievement capacity of the daily lives with other variables. In conclusion, the higher the score on the MMSE-K, the more independent the elders are in the activities of daily living, especially among women more than men.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.498-503
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• 2011

Background: The causes of exertional desaturation in patients with COPD can be multifactorial. We aimed to investigate factors predict exertional desaturation in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Methods: We tested 51 consecutive patients with stable COPD (FEV1/FVC, $40{\pm}13%$ predicted). Patients performed a six minute walk test (6MWT). Pulse oxymetric saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were recorded. Results: Oxygen desaturation was found in 15 subjects after 6MWT, while 36 subjects were not desaturated. Lung diffusing capacity was significantly lower in desaturation (DS) group ($62{\pm}18%$ predicted) compared with not desaturated (ND) group ($84{\pm}20$, p<0.01). However there was no statistical difference of FEV1/FVC ratio or residual volume between two groups. The pulse rate change was significantly higher in the desaturated compared with the not desaturated group. Six minute walking distance, subjective dyspnea scale, airflow obstruction, and residual volume did not predict exertional oxygen desaturation. Independent factors assessed by multiple logistic regression revealed that a pulse rate increment (odd ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01~1.40; p=0.02), a decrease in baseline PaO2 (OR, 1.105; 95% CI, 1.003~1.218; p=0.04) and a decrease in lung diffusing capacity (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01~1.19; p=0.01) were significantly associated with oxygen desaturation. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that an absolute increment in pulse rate of 16/min gave optimal discrimination between desaturated and not desaturated patients after 6MWT. Conclusion: Pulse rate increment and diffusion capacity can predict exertional oxygen desaturation in stable COPD patients with moderate to severe airflow obstruction.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

The aim of this study is which factors affect the commercial land values and how they act upon them through distribution of commercial land values by multiple regression analysis in Gwangju city. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) The changes of commercial land values distribution in $1989{\sim}1996$, We see that the commercial area of higher land values extends following the main arterial road. This is related to urbanization in urban fringe while the decline of commercial land values occurs in city center with long history of commercial region. This is due to unsuitableness in rapid changes of commercial environment because of fragmented lots, old buildings. traffic congestion etc. (2) The regions where commercial land values greatly rose are the west in constructed the new planning city center of Sangmu-dong. and the south west in which is related to the extension of high density apartment and the location of big discount stores. (3) Through the changes in commercial land values distribution map. and road map, topographical map, we know that commercial land values is related to various factors; namely, distance from CBD, convenient traffic, reputation of commercial district, condition of a road, size of supplementary, a degree of commercial land use etc. (4) From the above related factor, six variables are extracted by operational definition. That is the spatial distance from the city center, the walking distance to a stopping place, the road width, the amount of bus traffic, the amount of pedestrian, the number of the shop. (5) Data of seven variables are collected on the highest values point of each Dong. We applicate multiple regression analysis with commercial land values as a dependent variable, extracted six variables as independent variables. (6) As a result of multiple regression on the determinants of commercial land values, the variables which is greatly related to commercial land values are the amount of pedestrain, the spatial distance from city center. We identify that two variables explain variance of the commercial land values by 65%. (7) In order to make clear about not explained 35%. we carry out analysis of residual. In consequence, we see small estimate in downtown area and large estimate in urban fringe. This feature is due to simple core structure of Gwangju city and limits of this regression model.