• 제목/요약/키워드: Independent Will

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WHAT IS THE VALUE AND IMPACT OF EARLY DISPUTE EVALUATION IN THE UK AND INTERNATIONALLY?

  • Francine Baker
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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    • pp.350-356
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    • 2011
  • Early neutral evaluation (ENE) is a fairly recent form of alternative dispute resolution procedure used in the construction industry. In the UK, ENE is usually carried out on an entirely without prejudice basis, however the parties may agree that any or part of it may be referred to at trial or any subsequent hearing. The early neutral evaluation consists of a preliminary assessment of the issues in dispute for use as a basis for negotiations which may result in a settlement of the dispute. An independent person is appointed by the parties who reviews the case and provides an opinion, in written form and in some detail, with reasons on the merits of the matters in dispute. The opinion is non-binding but provides the parties with what in the opinion of the independent person a formal tribunal may decide whether a court or an arbitrator, if the dispute is not resolved. However, ENE has yet to take off in the construction industry in the UK. This paper will explain this procedure and explore the use of it in the UK and internationally, considering the benefits and drawbacks of its use. It will consider whether or not it is more effective than other early resolution forms such as mediation and adjudication. It will argue and conclude that it is a very useful cost effective procedure, particularly in the resolution of complex disputes, whether local or international.

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네트워크 마케팅 산업에서 독립 사업자의 기업 선택 속성이 경제적 및 비경제적 만족과 신뢰, 추천의도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Independent Operator's Company Selection Attributes on Economic and Non-Economic Satisfaction, Trust, and Recommendation in the Network Marketing Industry)

  • 노현식
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.19-32
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - Since the opening of Korea's distribution market, the domestic network marketing market has been continuing to grow. In this context, research on network marketing independent operators, which plays the most important role in the network marketing industry, is insufficient. This study was to identify the effects of Independent Operator's Company Selection Attributions on the Economic and Non-Economic Satisfaction, Trust, and Recommendation. The results will provide strategic direction, theoretical and practical implications for companies and operators in the network marketing industry. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to verify the research hypotheses, the data were collected from Independent Operators of Network marketing industry using questionnaires. The pretest was conducted from January 8 to 19, 2018, and the main survey was conducted from February 1 to 28. A total of 210 questionnaires, of which 193 copies were collected. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0. and AMOS 21.0. Results - The results are as follows; product competitiveness and system competitiveness have significant effects on economic satisfaction and non-economic satisfaction. Economic and non-economic satisfaction have significant effects on business trust. Economic and non-economic satisfaction did not influence recommendation intention directly, but influence it indirectly. Business trust has a significant effect on business recommendation intention. Conclusions - After starting network marketing business as an independent operator, the competitiveness of the company is meaningless, and product competitiveness and system competitiveness are important factors for economic and non-economic satisfaction. Therefore, network marketing companies and independent operators should prioritize product competitiveness and system competitiveness between business development. The findings show that trust in the business is very important for active business Recommendation to others. Therefore, network marketing firms and independent operators need to make efforts to meet economic and non-economic satisfaction, which have a significant impact on business trust.

항만터미널운영자의 권리에 관한 고찰;대법원 2007.4.27.선고 2007다4943 판결 평석 (A Study on the Rights of Transport Terminal Operators;An Analysis of the Korean Supreme Court's Judgment of 27 April 2007, Case No. 2007Da4943)

  • 김진권
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2008
  • 선박의 대형화 및 해상사업의 기업화 등에 따라 해상운송에 있어 화물의 하역, 보관 등의 전문적인 부분을 담당하고 있는 항만하역업자, 항만터미널운영자, 창고업자 등 독립계약자의 역할은 점점 증대되어 가고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 국제해상운송은 해상운송인과 화주를 중심으로 체결한 운송계약을 중심으로 이루어져 왔으므로, 영국 보통법상의 직접계약관계의 원칙에 의해 계약당사자가 아닌 자는 계약상의 이익을 원용할 수 없다는 입장을 유지하여 왔다. 이에 대해 이를 완화하고자 하는 다양한 방안이 적용되고 있으며, '히말라야약관'도 그러한 방안중의 하나이다. 본 논문은 최근 대법원판결을 통해 우리나라 법원의 히말라야약관의 유효성 인정에 대한 내용을 재검토하고 독립계약자, 특히 항만터미널운영자의 운송계약상 제3자의 권리인정에 관한 문제에 대한 각국의 경향에 대해 살펴본다.

넷플릭스를 중심으로한 국내 OTT 시장의 현황에 따른 독립영화 발전 가능성 모색 (Exploring the Possibility of Independent Film Development according to the Current Status of the Domestic OTT Market Centered on Netflix)

  • 이정현;정재형
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제20권8호
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    • pp.375-385
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    • 2020
  • 본 논문은 넷플릭스가 한국영화 배급시장 환경에 미치는 현실에 대해 알아보고 넷플릭스를 필두로 한 OTT 시장 속에서의 독립영화를 중심으로 한 국내 콘텐츠 발전 가능성에 대해 검증해 보려고 한다. 다양한 한류 콘텐츠에 중에서도 투자, 배급의 기회를 얻지 못하는 한국의 다양성 영화 및 독립 영화의 활로를 모색하는 것에 연구적 의의를 두며 넷플릭스가 한국영화 시장에서 보여주는 특성들에 대해 알아본다. 넷플릭스는 한국영화, 한국 드라마 등 한국콘텐츠를 보급, 한류 확산에 기여하며, 배급시장의 패러다임을 재조정하고 있으며, 이익 선순환문제, 망 사용료 논란 및 할리우드 영화의 범람등을 야기한다는 문제도 제기되고 있다. 문화상호 교환적인 특성을 고려하면 독립영화 콘텐츠와 넷플릭스 플랫폼, 관객 그리고 글로벌 시장의 상호작용은 양방향 소통 기회를 확장시켜 나갈 것이다. 다시말하면 넷플릭스가 한국미디어 시장을 이용해서 이익을 보고 있듯이 한국도 넷플릭스를 활용하여 한국 영화콘텐츠(K-Flm)의 글로벌 시장 확대를 시도해야 하며 문화적 경제적 호혜적 태도를 견지해나가야한다.

Lifestyle Segmentation: The Comparison of Islamic and Conventional Banking Customers in Indonesia

  • Sutarso, Yudi;Rustiana, Elly;Hanum, Rizky Amalia;Gunawan, Wibiksono K
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제10권8호
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2012
  • Understanding customer' lifestyles important for banks because it will guide in determining marketing policies, such as services, pricing, service delivery and promotion decisions. From the customer' lifestyle, banks will know what kind of customers' attitudes, interests and opinions, so they also will understand what the costumer' needs and what services needed by them. For Islamic banks, customers understanding are important because, nowadays, the competition of the banks is not only with other Islamic banks but also with the well-established conventional banks offering Islamic products or services The aims of this research paper are to describe what factors underline the customer's lifestyle of both Islamic and conventional bank, to segment the bank customers based on their lifestyles and investigate the profile of each segments, to compare the characteristics of the segments, and to identify marketing policies based on the characteristics. The population of the study is banking customers in Indonesia, in which the researchers have used judgment sampling as sample selection. There were 186 customers of Islamic banks and 244 customers of conventional bank as respondents in this study. Statistical methods employed were exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis. The finding of the study shows that there are twelve factor underlining the customers' lifestyle, namely: factor of fashion conscious, internet usage, sports spectator, financial and technology optimism, price sensitivity, independent, compulsive housekeeper, new brand tryer community activities, opinion leader, credit usage, and homebody. In addition, for Islamic banking, there are two market segments, namely fashionable-independent and innovative-social segment. Based on the lifestyle characteristics, the first segment has higher level in factor of fashion conscious, homebody, independent, optimism and price conscious, which is therefore called fashionable-independent segment. On the other hand, the second cluster has higher level in factor of new brand tryer, community minded, sport spectator, credit user, internet usage, opinion leader, and compulsive housekeeper, which is therefore called the innovative-social segment. Furthermore, for conventional banking, there are also two segments, namely persuasive-optimistic and sensitive-independent segment. The first segment has higher level on some factors, namely: opinion leader, optimism, internet usage rate, credit usage level, sport spectator, and new brand tryer. On the other hand, the second cluster is characterized by higher level in factor of price conscious, confidence, community minded, homebody, fashion conscious, and compulsive housekeeper. Managerial implications for the management of Islamic banks could be identified in this study as follows. Firstly, the twelve lifestyle factors of this study could be an alternative view in observe Islamic banking customers. The domination of both the fashionable conscious and the internet usage factor show that the aspects are quite instrumental in perceiving the customer' lifestyles, in which reflects the importance of these two aspects to customers. Secondly, in serving their customers, Islamic banks need to understand the customer lifestyle, in which the lifestyle segments found in this study provide a guide of how their needs were reflected. Finally, by understanding the segments and the characteristics each segment of the conventional banks, Islamic banks could adjust their marketing strategies differently from the conventional banks.

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Genetically Independent Tetranucleotide to Hexanucleotide Core Motif SSR Markers for Identifying Lentinula edodes Cultivars

  • Saito, Teruaki;Sakuta, Genki;Kobayashi, Hitoshi;Ouchi, Kenji;Inatomi, Satoshi
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.466-472
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    • 2019
  • For the purpose of protecting the rights of Lentinula edodes breeders, we developed a new simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker set consisting only of genetically independent tetranucleotide or longer core motifs. Using available genome sequences for five L. edodes strains, we designed primers for 13 SSR markers that amplified polymorphic sequences in 20 L. edodes cultivars. We evaluated the independence of every possible marker pair based on genotype data. Consequently, eight genetically independent markers were selected. The polymorphic information content values of the markers ranged from 0.269 to 0.764, with an average of 0.409. The markers could distinguish among 20 L. edodes cultivars and produced highly repeatable and reproducible results. The markers developed in this study will enable the precise identification of L. edodes cultivars, and may be useful for protecting breeders' rights.

독립된 모달공간에서 양 위치피드백 제어기법의 강인성 (Robustness of Positive Position Feedback Control in the Independent Modal Space)

  • 황재혁;백승호
    • 소음진동
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.177-185
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    • 1994
  • In this study, the effect of parameter errors on the closed-loop behavior of flexible structure is analyzed for IMSC(Independent Modal Space Control) with PPF(Positive Position Feedback). If the control force designed on the basis of structure model with the parameter errors is applied to control the actual system, the closed-loop performance of the actural system will be degraded depending on the degree of the errors. An asymptotic stability condition has been derived, using Lyapunov approach, which is independent of the dynamic characteristics of the structure being controlled. The extent of deviation of the closed-loop performance from the designed one is also derived and evaluated using operator techniques. It has been found that the extent of the deviation is proportational to the magnitude of the parameter errors, and that the proportional coefficient depends on the control algorithm.

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독립성분 분석에 의한 복합특징 형성 (Finding Complex Features by Independent Component Analysis)

  • 오상훈
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 2003
  • 포유류 동물의 시각피질 세포에 나타나는 특징은 크게 단순특징을 추출하는 simple cell과 복잡한 특징에 반응하는 complex cell로 구분된다. 특히, 하위 계층의 세포들은 단순특징을 추출하며, 상위 계층으로 갈수록 복합특징을 추출하는 세포들이 존재한다. 이 연구에서는 입력영상에 독립성분분석을 적용하여 complex cell에 대응하는 복잡한한 특징을 추출하였다. 이 결과는 시각피질 세포의 정보처리에 대한 방식에 대한 이해를 기반으로 시각정보처리 알고리즘을 개발하는 데 기여할 것이다.

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Occupational Health and Safety, Worker's Compensation and Labor Conditions

  • Min, Jeehee;Kim, Yangwoo;Lee, Sujin;Jang, Tae-Won;Kim, Inah;Song, Jaechul
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.400-408
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    • 2019
  • The "fourth industrial revolution" (FIR) is an age of advanced technology based on information and communication. FIR has a more powerful impact on the economy than in the past. However, the prospects for the labor environment are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to anticipate and prepare for occupational health and safety (OHS) issues. In FIR, nonstandard employment will be common. As a result, it is difficult to receive OHS services and compensation. Excessive trust in new technologies can lead to large-scale or new forms of accidents. Global business networks will cause destruction of workers' biorhythms, some cancers, overwork, and task complexity. The social disconnection because of an independent work will be a risk for worker's mental health. The union bonds will weaken, and it will be difficult to apply standardized OHS regulations to multinational enterprises. To cope with the new OHS issues, we need to establish new concepts of "decent work" and standardize regulations, which apply to enterprises in each country, develop public health as an OHS service, monitor emerging OHS events and networks among independent workers, and nurture experts who are responsible for new OHS issues.

국가균형발전 5개년계획의 추진전략과 주요내용 - 국토구조구축과 건설산업의 SOC투자를 중심으로 - (The Main Contents of the )

  • 정무용
    • 기술사
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2005
  • What are main contents of Balanced National Development Five Years Plan? We will study for contents and policies of the plan's six themes. Six themes of the plan are the drive strategy, the rearing of the worldwide progressive cluster, the local promotion in the strategic industry, the formation of the square national circulation road network, the consolidation of the metropolitan area and the independent drop-out region, and the fund and raising plan. And especially, we will study the details of the national land-structure network formation.

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