• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

This study postulates that Government as a Platform(GaaP) could be a next generation government model, drawing activation strategy from success factors of webtoon platform by NAVER. It suggests success factors of Naver webtoon case based on three main components of platform strategy. First, in the aspect of platform infrastructure, Naver webtoon was established based on powerful portal site by parent company Naver and improved platform accessibility through using webtoon without login. Second, in the aspect of stakeholder engagement, Naver webtoon has offed webtoon at no cost and it has taken an intermediary role for supporting the stakeholders with PPS. Third, in the aspect of outputs production, Naver webtoon offered real time feedback from webtoon users that could affect webtoon production and established incubating system that allow users to create their webtoon. And due to PPS, it makes possible to various create second outputs based on webtoon, which can contribute to activating webtoon ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.191-204
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• 2019

The 20-kHz ultrasonic irradiation was applied to investigate bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility changes over time. Applied intensities of ultrasound power were varied at 27.7 W and 39.1 W by changing the amplitude 20 to 40 to three bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus). By 15-min irradiation, E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, showed 1.2- to 1.6-log removals, while the gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, showed below 0.5-log removal efficiencies. Antibiotic susceptibility of penicillin-family showed a dramatic increase at E. coli, but for other antibiotic families showed no significant changes in susceptibility. Gram-positive bacteria showed no significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibilities after ultrasound irradiation. Bacterial re-survival and antibiotic susceptibility changes were measured by incubating the ultrasound-irradiated samples. After 24-hour incubation, it was found that all of three bacteria were repropagated to the 2- to 3-log greater than the initial points, and antibiotic inhibition zones were reduced compared to ones of the initial points, meaning that antibiotic resistances were also recovered. Pearson correlations between bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility showed negative relation for gram-negative bacteria, E. coli., and no significant relations between bacterial re-survival and its inhibition zone. As a preliminary study, further researches are necessary to find practical and effective conditions to achieve bacteria inactivation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

Our study was conducted to examine differences in incubation behavior among breeding sites and the relationship between factor affecting environmental change and incubation behavior of the Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor). We set up the remote sensor cameras at three breeding sites (Mae-do, Namdongji, Guji-do) to observe incubation behavior in Gyeonggi Bay, South Korea from 2015 to 2018. We analyzed effects of breeding year, day of incubation started, day of incubation, the time of incubation exchanges and sex on incubation bout length. Mean incubation bout length of females (Mae-do: $7.19{\pm}0.23$ hours, Namdongji: $6.08{\pm}0.23$ hours, Guji-do: $7.96{\pm}0.30$ hours) was longer than males (Mae-do: $6.14{\pm}0.21$ hours, Namdongji: $5.45{\pm}0.28$ hours, Guji-do: $7.38{\pm}0.29$ hours). Mean incubation bout length was longer in Guji-do than other study sites. Incubation bout length tended to increase with the clutch initiation date. Males incubated their eggs at day time while female did at night time, these tendencies were observed more clearly in Guji-do. The proportion of time spent incubating of females was higher than males. Males' proportion increased as incubation progressed and increased rate in Guji-do was higher than other study sites. Our results showed that incubation rhythm of the Black-faced Spoonbill differed among breeding sites and varied with the environmental cycle.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.632-639
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• 2018

To develop the high-value added seafood products from a regional speciality seafood, the seasoned dried pen shell Atrina pectinata adductor (SDPA) and seasoned smoke-dried pen shell adductor (SSPA) samples were prepared, and their optimal processing conditions, quality metrics, and shelf-life characteristics were examined. SDPA and SSPA samples were produced by thawing of frozen pen shell adductor, and cutting it into 6-7 mm slices, hot-air drying ($60^{\circ}C$, 20 min) or smoking ($110^{\circ}C$, 20 min), seasoning ($4^{\circ}C$, 12 h) with seasoning powder (60% sorbitol, 15% sucrose, 16% salt and 9.0% monosodium glutamate), hot-air drying ($60^{\circ}C$, 3 h), torching, vacuum-packaging in a laminated plastic film bag, heat treating with hot-water ($85^{\circ}C$, 15 min), and cooling. The moisture content of SDPA and SSPA samples was 44.5 and 43.0%, respectively, and the water activity was 0.845 and 0.842. The total amino acids in SDPA and SSPA samples were 20,986.8 and 21,312.4 mg/100 g, respectively, and the major amino acids in both products were aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and arginine. The primary minerals were Na, S, K and P. Incubating tests indicated that the quality of SDPA and SSPA samples was maintained for 30 days of storage.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of cotton and silk/rayon fabrics dyed with Saururus chinensis extract against antibiotic-resistant strains. The concentration of the concentrated dye in the Saururus chinensis extracts was 1.1% (o.w.f), and the liquor ratio was 1:10 at 30-70℃. The mordanting method was a post mordanting method. The concentration of Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4 5H2O and FeSO4 and7H2O mordant was 5% (o.w.f), and the liquor ratio was 1:40. In order to assess the antimicrobial activity of naturally dyed fabrics, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, was used by incubating it in Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHA) including Oxacillin (2㎍/ml) and Fungizone (2.5㎍/ml) and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Detroit, MI, USA.) The investigation of the reduction of the rate of antibiotic-resistant strains to dyed cotton fabrics and silk/rayon fabrics revealed that Cu mordanting fabric has the highest antimicrobial effects, with the rate of 99.7%, and Fe mordanting fabric has the lowest, with 77.7%. Non-mordant cotton fabrics also show a high reduction rate of strains (94.6%). In the case of dyed silk/rayon fabrics, it indicates a high reduction in the rate of strains in all fabrics with non-mordant treatment (94.2%), Al mordanting (99.6%), and Cu and Fe mordanting(99.9%).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.105-116
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• 2019

Most of the public and private buildings in Korea are installing CCTV for crime prevention and follow-up action, insider security, facility safety, and fire prevention, and the number of installations is increasing each year. In the questionnaire conducted on the increasing CCTV, many reactions were positive in terms of the prevention of crime that could occur due to the installation, rather than negative views such as privacy violation caused by CCTV shooting. However, CCTV poses a lot of privacy risks, and when the image data is collected using the cloud, the personal information of the subject can be leaked. InseCam relayed the CCTV surveillance video of each country in real time, including the front camera of the notebook computer, which caused a big issue. In this paper, we introduce a system to prevent leakage of private information and enhance the security of the cloud system by processing the privacy technique on image information about a subject photographed through CCTV.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2021

Objectives: Accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress. Increased production of ROS, such as superoxide anion, or a deficiency in their clearance by antioxidant defences, mediates cellular pathology. Grewia Spp fruits are a source of bioactive compounds and have notable antioxidant activity. Although the antioxidant capacity of Grewia Spp has been studied, there is very limited evidence that links the antioxidant activities of Grewia bicolor and Grewia flava to the inhibition of free radical formation associated with damage in biological systems. Methods: This study evaluated the protective effects of Grewia bicolor and Grewia flava extracts against free radical-induced oxidative stress and the resulting cytotoxicity effect using HeLa cells. Antioxidant properties determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity in Grewia flava (ethanol extract) than Grewia flava (water extract) and Grewia bicolor (ethanol and water extracts). Results: Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide or MTT assay, cytotoxicity results showed that extracts of Grewia bicolor and Grewia flava were less toxic to HeLa cells at tested concentrations compared to the untreated control. This confirmed the low toxicity of these edible fruits at the tested concentrations in HeLa cells. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell loss was effectively reduced by pre-incubating HeLa cells with Grewia bicolor and Grewia flava extracts, with Grewia flava (ethanol extract) revealing better protection. Conclusion: The effect was speculated to be associated with the higher antioxidant activity of Grewia flava (ethanol extract). Additional studies will warrant confirmation of the mechanism of action of such effects.

• ALGAE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2023

Exploring mixotrophy of dinoflagellate species is critical to understanding red-tide dynamics and dinoflagellate evolution. Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Karenia have caused harmful algal blooms. Among 10 Karenia species, the mixotrophic ability of only two species, Karenia mikimotoi and Karenia brevis, has been investigated. These species have been revealed to be mixotrophic; however, the mixotrophy of the other species should be explored. Moreover, although K. mikimotoi was previously known to be mixotrophic, only a few potential prey species have been tested. We explored the mixotrophic ability of Karenia bicuneiformis, Karenia papilionacea, and Karenia selliformis and the prey spectrum of K. mikimotoi by incubating them with 16 potential prey species, including a cyanobacterium, diatom, prymnesiophyte, prasinophyte, raphidophyte, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates. Cells of K. bicuneiformis, K. papilionacea, and K. selliformis did not feed on any tested potential prey species, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. The present study newly discovered that K. mikimotoi was able to feed on the common cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia. The phylogenetic tree based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed that the mixotrophic species K. mikimotoi and K. brevis belonged to the same clade, but K. bicuneiformis, K. papilionacea, and K. selliformis were divided into different clades. Therefore, the presence or lack of a mixotrophic ability in this genus may be partially related to genetic characterizations. The results of this study suggest that Karenia species are not all mixotrophic, varying from the results of previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2024

As part of the research program "Freshwater Prokaryotic Organisms Research and Discovery," freshwater samples were collected from the Nakdonggang River. After plating the samples on several culture media and incubating aerobically, approximately 900 bacterial strains were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Among the bacterial isolates showing higher than 98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with those of already confirmed bacterial species previously unreported in Korea, 29 strains were selected. These strains were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 13 orders, and 21 genera. At the genus level, these previously unreported species were found to be affiliated with Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas, Polymorphobacter, Croceibacterium, Devosia, Endobacterium, Agaricicola, Bradyrhizobium, Paracoccus, and Pseudotabrizicola of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Undibacterium, Azonexus, and Dechloromonas of the class Betaproteobacteria; Acinetobacter and Budvicia of the class Gammaproteobacteria; Streptomyces, Nocardioides, Mycobacterium, and Cellulomonas of the phylum Actinomycetota; Flavobacterium and Pedobacter of the phylum Bacteroidota. These species were further characterized by examining their Gram reaction, colony and cell morphologies, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic positions. Detailed descriptions of these 29 previously unreported species are provided.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2013

This aims to study impact of the youth start-up business incubating system by government's or local autonomous governments' center on start-up business performance. This focus on Youth Start-Up Business Support Program operated by Seoul Metropolitan City and explore practical alternatives. In this study, young entrepreneurs are defined as those who are aged between 20 and 40, and start-up is defined as an act by such entrepreneur that establishes an organization or system that produces any goods or services selected as business idea by utilizing capital in order to create profits. The empirical results are as follow; a significant correlation between scale of capital in initial stage by young entrepreneur graduating from Start-Up Business Support Center and start-up success satisfaction by young entrepreneurs. There is a significant correlation between the number of obtained intellectual properties before moving into Start-Up Business Support Center and start-up success satisfaction by young entrepreneurs. There is a significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction on start-up activity support fund for young entrepreneur in Start-Up Business Support Center and start-up success satisfaction by young entrepreneurs. There is a significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction on promotion and territorial cultivation support activities for young entrepreneur in Start-Up Business Support Center and start-up success satisfaction by young entrepreneurs. There is a significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction on collaboration support among member firms for young entrepreneur in Start-Up Business Support Center and start-up success satisfaction by young entrepreneurs. There is a significant correlation between the degree of overall satisfaction on start-up business support program for young entrepreneur in Start-Up Business Support Center and start-up success satisfaction by young entrepreneurs. The study has an implication that it provides a basic data on policy support strategies by central and local autonomous governments that facilitate young entrepreneurs to achieve start-up business goals by understanding the factors that affect the business performance of young entrepreneurs. In addition, the study offers an effective direction for young entrepreneurs in a way that promotes the start-up performance by young entrepreneurs, which expects to contribute to core factors of new employment opportunity creation as well as national and local economies, so that the author expects the study to play a role of raising the necessity of start-up business support for young entrepreneurs.