• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.127-135
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• 2005

In order to analyze effects of strain rate on consolidation characteristics of Busan clay, a series of constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation tests with different strain rate and incremental loading tests (ILT) were performed. From experimental test results on Busan clay, it was found that the preconsolidation pressure was dependent on the corresponding strain rate occurring during consolidation process. Also, consolidation curves normalized with respect to preconsolidation pressure gave a unique stress-strain curve. Coefficient of consolidation and permeability estimated from CRS test had a tendency to converge to a certain value at normally consolidated range regardless of strain rate. An increase in excess pore pressure was observed after the end of loading without change of total stress on the incremental loading test, which phenomenon is called Mandel-Cryer effect. It was also found that rapid generation of excess pore pressure took place due to collapse of soil structure as effective stress approached to preconsolidation pressure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

In this study, it was developed that the software could be used to estimate consolidation settlement by curve fitting method according to Terzaghi's consolidation theory on the condition of gradual incremental loading, and the method of estimating settlement caused by lateral displacement was suggested, in which the settlement was calculated from the difference between the settlement calculated with the developed software using the early part of measured data and the settlement measured for the short duration from the beginning of embankment in the field. The verification of the suggested method of estimating settlement caused by lateral displacement showed good results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2003

A novel finite element model based on the incremental endochronic theory with the effect of temperature was developed in this study to explore the deformed behaviors of a flexible pavement material. Three mesh systems and two loading steps were used in the calculation process for a specimen of three-dimensional circular cylinder. Computational results in the case of an uni-axial compression test for temperatures at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $40^{\circ}C$ were compared with available experimental measurements to verify the ability of developing numerical scheme. The isotropic response and the deviatoric response due to the thermal effect were presented from deformations in different profiles and displacement plots for the entire specimen. The characteristics of changing asphalt concrete material under a specified loading condition might be seen clearly from the numerical results, and might provide an useful information in the field of road engineering.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.415-428
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• 2015

Study on flexural retrofitting of RC beams using external bars with additional intermediate anchorages at soffit is reported in this paper. Effects of varying number of anchorages in the external bars at soffit were studied by finite element analysis using ANSYS 12.0 software. The results were also compared with available experimental results for beam with only two end anchorages. Two sets of reference and retrofitted beam specimens with two, three, four and five anchorages were analysed and the results are reported. FE modeling and non-linear analysis was carried out by discrete reinforcement modeling using Solid65, Solid45 and Link8 elements. Combin39 spring elements were used for modeling the frictional contact between the soffit and the external bars. The beam specimens were subjected to four-point bending and incremental loading was applied till failure. The entire process of modeling, application of incremental loading and generation of output in text and graphical format were carried out using ANSYS Parametric Design Language.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.1-4
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• 2000

This paper addresses a modified arc-length method for the nonlinear finite element analysis of a structure which is loaded in incremental and fixed forces, simultaneously. The main idea of the method is to separate the displacement term by the constant force from that by the incremental force. As the illustrative examples of the applicability of the present algorithm, a parametric study is performed on the nonlinear buckling behavior of composite cylindrical panels under the combined load of the incremented compression and the constant lateral pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 1995

Global postbuckling analysis is accomplished for one-dimensional and two-dimensional delaminations. A new finite element model, which can be used to model the global postbuckling analysis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional delaminations, is presented. In order to calculate the strain energy release rate, geometrically nonlinear analysis is accomplished, and the incremental crack closure technique is introduced. To check the effectiveness of the finite element models and the incremental crack closure technique, the simplified closed-form sloution for a through-the-width delamination with plane strain condition is derived and compared with the finite element result. The finite element results show good agreement with the closed-foul1 solutions. The present method was extended to calculate the strain energy release rate for two-dimensional delamination. For a symmetric circular delamination, the strain energy release rate shows great variation along the delamination front. and the delamination growth appears to occur perpendicular to the loading direction.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

The use of non-linear analysis of structures in a functional way for evaluating the structural seismic behavior has attracted the attention of the engineering community in recent years. The most commonly used functional method for analysis is a non-linear static method known as the "pushover method". In this study, for the first time, a cyclic pushover analysis with different loading protocols was used for seismic investigation of curved bridges. The finite element model of 8-span curved bridges in plan created by the ZEUS-NL software was used for evaluating different pushover methods. In order to identify the optimal loading protocol for use in astatic non-linear cyclic analysis of curved bridges, four loading protocols (suggested by valid references) were used. Along with cyclic analysis, conventional analysis as well as adaptive pushover analysis, with proven capabilities in seismic evaluation of buildings and bridges, have been studied. The non-linear incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method has been used to examine and compare the results of pushover analyses. To conduct IDA, the time history of 20 far-field earthquake records was used and the 50% fractile values of the demand given the ground motion intensity were computed. After analysis, the base shear vs displacement at the top of the piers were drawn. Obtained graphs represented the ability of a cyclic pushover analysis to estimate seismic capacity of the concrete piers of curved bridges. Based on results, the cyclic pushover method with ISO loading protocol provided better results for evaluating the seismic investigation of concrete piers of curved bridges in plan.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.3-17
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• 1999

Torsion shear tests under various stress paths were performed to study the behavior of sand during large stress reversal. The stress paths can be classified into the clockwise and the counterclockwise according to torque applied to specimen, and the directions of plastic strain incremental on the stress paths including large stress reversal are compared with the direction of stress state and stress incremental. From test results, the isotropic hardening theory using the principle of St. Venant desirably showed that direction of plastic strain incremental coincided with stress state on primary loading part and nearby failure point, but it might result in a rough approximation on part of unloading and reloading by stress reversal.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

It is known in some literatures that the B value is not equal to unity in saturated soil when effective stress is given, in which the B Value is the ratio of measured excess pore water pressure and isometric loading pressure. In this study the B value was measured on various effective stresses and on various incremental loading stresses in various grain size of specimens with saturated sand. The test results showed that the B value was affected largely by grain size of sand in specimen and the amount of effective stress. There was the semi-logarithmic relationship between B value and effective stress, and also there was the linear relationship between the gradient of the former semi-logarithmic relationship and grain size of specimen.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.775-789
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• 2012

This paper focuses on post-buckling analysis of functionally graded Timoshenko beam subjected to thermal loading by using the total Lagrangian Timoshenko beam element approximation. Material properties of the beam change in the thickness direction according to a power-law function. The beam is clamped at both ends. The considered highly non-linear problem is solved by using incremental displacement-based finite element method in conjunction with Newton-Raphson iteration method. As far as the authors know, there is no study on the post-buckling analysis of functionally graded Timoshenko beams under thermal loading considering full geometric non-linearity investigated by using finite element method. The convergence studies are made and the obtained results are compared with the published results. In the study, with the effects of material gradient property and thermal load, the relationships between deflections, end constraint forces, thermal buckling configuration and stress distributions through the thickness of the beams are illustrated in detail in post-buckling case.