• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1476-1484
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• 2005

Purpose. The purposes of this study were to examine the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention program combining pelvic floor muscle exercise with bladder training for urinary incontinence and also to conduct follow-up assessment after self-training. Methods. This study was conducted using a non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 60 middle-aged women(control group, n=30; intervention group, n=30) who experienced an episode of urinary incontinence at least once a week. The program was run over a 4 week period (once a week) and composed of urinary incontinence education, pelvic floor muscle exercise, and bladder training. Results. Overall, there was a significant difference in urinary incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being related to urinary incontinence between the treatment and control group. Of the variables, weekly leakage frequencies, leakage amounts on each occasion, leakage index, frequencies of nocturia, and quality of life were significantly different between the groups. Follow-up assessment (9th week) indicated that overall incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being were significantly different between the posttest and follow-up assessments. Most variables of incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being were significantly improved at follow-up assessment versus posttest. Conclusions. The program was voerall effective in terms of relieving symptoms and improving psych-social well-being related to urinary incontinence, and this effect continued after a 4-weeks self-training period. In the respect that this is a community-based application study, the results can be meaningful and applicable.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.93-106
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of moxibustion on the stress urinary incontinence for middle-aged women. The study was performed with the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design from April 14 thru June 16, 2003. Methods: The subjects are 60 middle-aged women with stress urinary incontinence which are composed of 30 in the experimental group and another 30 in the control group. The moxibustion procedure was applied to the experimental group in a week, and then the level of stress urinary incontinence was measured by using the revised Hendrickson's scale. Results: The results of this study are as follows: 1. Average period of stress urinary incontinence is 4.12 years, and the level of stress urinary incontinence is predominant in the mild state(63.3%), and the frequency of stress urinary incontinence is mostly 2-6 times per week(70%). 2. Hypothesis: Stress urinary incontinence will decrease for the experimental group as compared with for the control group: accepted(t=-5.113, p=0.000). Conclusion: Based on the results described above, it is considered that the moxibustion might be very effective oriental nursing intervention for improving the stress urinary incontinence for the middle-aged women.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its correlation to the underlying diseases of women in Daegu. Materials and Methods: Urinary incontinence questionnaire regarding age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, menopausal status, history of hormonal replacement therapy, abortion history, and any underlying diseases were administered from May to November, 2001 to 412 women over 20 who had been randomly selected from the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University. The clinical characteristics of women who experience, and those who do not experience urinary incontinence were compared by means of the Student's t-test for continuous variables and by the Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the urinary incontinent group (N=193) was 44.2 years. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of incontinence with the increase of age (p=0.000). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was significantly related to the number of deliveries and the mode of delivery (p=0.007, p=0.001) No significant relationship was demonstrated between urinary incontinence and BMI (body mass index); the number of abortions; hormonal status; or any underlying diseases such as thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory disease. Also, most of the urinary incontinent women didn't recognize their incontinence as pathological and consequently, didn't consult a physician. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the prevalence of urinary incontinence is significantly correlated to age, parity, and the mode of delivery. Most of the middle-aged women who suffered from urinary incontinence didn't recognize their incontinence a pathological. Those results suggest that women in this age group need more information and more education about urinary incontinence.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to identify the characteristics of incontinence in adult women and to identify it's relating factors, physiology, evaluation and treatment related urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is a common health problem for adult women. And the symptoms of urinary incontinence are causes of discomfort, shame, loss of self-confidence and result in sufferers to withdraw from social life. But many do not report this problem until they have had the symptoms for a long time. So physical therapy protocol for assessment, treatments, educational programs should be implemented in primary care setting. In conclusion, this study revealed that self·care agency may be a important that it would be necessary to promote quality of life in urinary incontinence women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.856-867
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop washable panties for elderly women of incontinence urine. We carried out a questionnaire survey in order to find out what are the inconvenience of incontinence. Also we analyse the properties of incontinence panties available in silver market. Then we did wearing test of the existing continence panties to 40 subjects. Having done the wearing test, it was clear that the composit and the size of the absorbing layers must be crucial points of the development of the prototype panty. The prototype was designed to improve absorbing speed as well as capability without sacrificing of wearing comfort. The developed prototype panty went through wearing test and property tests to assure the design. The results are as follows:- 1. Absorbing capability as a whole, quick absorbance at the moment of passing of urine, the touch of the cover layer after quick absorbance and deodorant property were improved than existing incontinence panties. 2. The size and the dimensions of each part, specially absorbing layers at the crotch area, were remarkably improved.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a self-efficacy promotion program and to identify the effects of the program on degree of urinary incontinence, self-efficacy and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. Method: The study used a pre-experimental design. Twenty participants were recruited from a nursing home located in Gwangju City and included residents, employees, and volunteer workers with urinary incontinence. Participants were surveyed from September 21 to November 2, 2005. The program treatment was provided to participants once a week for 6 weeks. Results: Frequency, amount, and situation scores for urinary incontinence, maximum and mean vaginal constriction pressure, vaginal constriction time, and nocturnal frequency were significantly improved after participating in the program (p<0.05). However, there was no significant pre- and posttest difference in frequency of daily urination (p=0.097). The degree of self-efficacy and quality of life for participants in the self-efficacy promotion program at posttest were significantly higher compared to the pretest scores (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that a self-efficacy promotion program can be implemented for women with urinary incontinence in community health centers or nursing homes in order to reduce their incontinence symptoms, and increase self-efficacy and quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.483-492
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and quality of life according to the severity of urinary incontinence in married women. Method: The participants were 168 married women aged 30-65 years who experienced urinary incontinence. The data were collected from May to July, 2006 using a structured questionnaire. Frequencies, percent, means and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, $X^2-test$ and Scheffe test with SPSS win 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: The distribution of urinary incontinence severity was mild 87.5%, or moderate 12.5%. Significant differences in the severity of urinary incontinence were found for the general characteristics of age, education level, having a job and having a spouse and for the obstetric characteristics of type of delivery, and menopause. Differences in the score for anxiety(t=-2.41, p=0.001) and quality of life(t=5.50, p<0.001) according to the severity of urinary incontinence were statistically significant. Conclusion: Women with moderate to severe urinary incontinence should be screened for psychosocial factors. Severity of urinary incontinence in married women negatively affects their quality of life. Further research is needed to determine factors predicting the quality of life for incontinent women.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.374-382
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• 2013

In Oriental medicine, urinary incontinence is defined involuntary voiding of urine. This study was performed to investigate the treatment on urinary incontinence through the literature of oriental medicine. This study reviews the therapy method of urinary incontinence based on 63 books of oriental medicine and 20 papers about the treatment of urinary incontinence. Herbal medicine has been used as urinary incontinence treatment. One of herbal remedy is selected according to the symptoms, and then herbal products are supplemented such as warm-hot, convergence medicines. Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy has been performed with herbal medicine, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, conservation therapy such as Kegel exercise, timed voiding and extracorporeal magnetic innervation for incontinence treatment. The treatment of urinary incontinence by oriental medicine includes auricular acupuncture, external medical treatment and taoist methods. There is a lack of related study about these therapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1427-1433
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• 2004

Purpose. The elderly with UI experienced urine leakage for a long time. The prevalence of UI has increased and it makes costly. Particularly, the elderly were reluctant to visit a hospital or a clinic for the reasons of modesty and poverty. To solve this problem, incontinence intervention programs should be provided at the elderly welfare center. The purpose of this research was to develop Incontinence Intervention Program for the Elderly Women (IIPE) and evaluate in its effect. Methods. The study design was quasi-experimental with pre and post-test. The study was performed for ten weeks at one elderly welfare center, Seoul, Korea. The subjects were gathered through an official announcement and informed consent was obtained. IIPE, in this study, was consisted of diagnosis, education, exercise and evaluation. The study variables were PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress. The effects of the IIPE on PFM exercise adherence, pelvic muscle strength, Continence self-efficacy, geriatric depression and incontinence stress were also evaluated. Results. The mean age of the subjects was 75.2 years. The average attendance was 6.2 times. The IIPE improved PFM exercise adherence, intra-vaginal contraction power and CSE significantly. But it was not significant in incontinence stress and geriatric depression. Other important results were that the two-finger test and urine stream interruption were more useful for elderly women with rigid vaginas in teaching and evaluating. Conclusion. The Findings suggest that IIPE is effective to the community-residing elderly. Further investigation is needed on a long-term basis with control group.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise on reducing the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and improving attitude toward exercise and quality of life. Method: The research adopted was a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design. The subjects were 55 persons who were surveyed using a structured questionnaire, and 23 persons in the experimental group among the total sample were measured for the peak pressure and the duration of PMC and trained correct pelvic floor muscle contraction using peritron in the first week. Then, pelvic floor muscle exercise was implemented for 6 weeks. The data was analyzed by $\chi^2$-test and t-test with the SPSS 10.0 program. Results: 1) The degree of stress urinary incontinence, frequency of urination, nocturia, urgency, noctural incontinence, the frequency and quantity of incontinence, outer clothing change and incomplete emptying decreased significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) Attitude toward pelvic floor muscle exercise and the qualify of life were improved significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group. 3) The peak pressure and duration of PMC increased significantly more in the posttest. Conclusion: Based on the results above, it is judged that pelvic floor muscle exercise is an effective nursing intervention in order to care for stress urinary incontinence.