• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

This study is to analyze the effect of neighborhood commercial facilities on the homeproduction activities and the family expenditure(or household work time). For this purpose. data are collected by using questionnaires distributed to 522 housewives in Seoul. The results shows that in the highly goods-intensive environment. the way of homeproduction is goods-intensive. Market dependence of the family is affected by homeproduction predisposition. income. and husband's job. Household work dependence of the .family is affected by neighborhood facility environment. family type. income. and house value. Low home production supportability is apparent in the high family income. full-time housewives and low job status of housewife. On the other hand. high homeproduction supportability is apparent in the moderate income and high job status of housewife. As a result. housewives have much time and money resourses are not well supported by the neighborhood facility environment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6303-6309
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• 2015

Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) such as income levels may partly explain why breast cancer screening (BCS) disparities exist in countries where health care services are free or heavily subsidized. However, factors that contribute to such differences in SES among women living in well resourced Middle East countries are not fully understood. This quantitative study investigated factors that influence SES and BCS of Arab women. Understanding of such factors can be useful for the development of effective intervention strategies that aim to increase BCS uptake among Arab women. Using data from a cross-sectional survey among 1,063 Arabic-speaking women in Qatar, age 35+, additional data analysis was performed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic indicators such as income and other factors in relation to BCS activities. This study found that income is determined and influenced by education level, occupation, nationality, years of residence in the country, level of social activity, self-perceived health status, and living area. Financial stress, unemployment, and unfavorable social conditions may impede women's participation in BCS activities in well resourced Middle East countries.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

This study analyzed requirements for medical masks and difference in satisfaction based on demographic characteristics and side effects experience caused by wearing medical masks. Three factors related to requirements for medical masks were identified: wearing comfort and usability, blocking function for harmfulness, and design. As a result of the difference analysis for requirements of medical masks based on demographic characteristics, all three factors showed a significant difference in gender and occupation. Design did in age and monthly income. As a result of the presence or absence of breathing difficulties experience, design factor was significant. As a result of the presence or absence of skin trouble experience, wearing comfort and usability showed a significant difference. As a result of the difference in satisfaction with medical masks based on demographic characteristics and side effect experience caused by wearing medical masks, breathing, ear string tightness, blocking harmful substances, price, and over all wearing comfort showed a significant difference by gender, marital status, age, occupation, and monthly income, and the presence of absence of breathing difficulty experience and skin trouble experience, respectively. As a result of the interaction effect analysis between demographic characteristics and side effects experience caused by wearing medical masks, it showed a significant interaction effect between gender and monthly income, between marital status and monthly income, between monthly income and breathing difficulties experience, and between monthly income and skin trouble experience.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3279-3286
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. To reduce cancer incidence, the Korean National Cancer Center (KNCC) has been expanding its organized cancer screening program. In addition, there are opportunistic screening programs that can be chosen by individuals or their healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with participation in organized and opportunistic cancer screening programs, with a particular focus on socioeconomic factors. Materials and Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a cross-sectional nationwide study conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2007 to 2011. The study included information from 9,708 men and 12,739 women aged 19 years or over. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for age, year of data collection, residential region, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption status, exercise, marriage status, job status, perceived health status, stress level, BMI, limitation of activities, cancer history, health insurance type, and private insurance status, to investigate the association between education level, economic status, and cancer screening participation. Results: In terms of education level, disparities in attendance were observed only for the opportunistic screening program. In contrast, there was no association between education level and participation in organized screening. In terms of economic status, disparities in opportunistic screening participation were observed at all income levels, but disparities in organized screening participation were observed only at the highest income level. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that socioeconomic factors, including educational level and economic status, were not significantly associated with participation in organized cancer screening, except at the highest level of income.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.333-370
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• 2011

본 연구는 생애주기관점의 불평등 가설에 따라, OECD 10개국 노인의 소득불평등을 연구하였다. 불평등 요인 가운데 개인의 초기 사회적 지위는 교육수준, 사회구조·제도는 복지체제에 주목하여, 생애주기상 비노년기에서 노년기로 이행한 사람들의 소득불평등을 분석하였다. 자료는 유럽의 SHARE와 미국의 HRS 패널자료이다. 분석결과 첫째, 지체제와 교육수준이 주된 불평등 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소득불평등은 비노년기 시점에서 노년기 시점으로 이행하면 다소 감소하지만, 여전히 상당히 높다(지니계수 .475). 복지체제별로 보면 보수주의 체제는 비노년기에도 소득불평등이 높은데, 노년기가 되면 더 높아져 누적 이익/불리 가설의 경향을 띤다. 자유주의 체제는 소득불평등이 높은 상태로 지속되어 지위유지 가설과 유사하다. 사민주의 체제는 비노년기에도 소득불평등이 낮은데, 노년기가 되면 더 낮아져 지위평등화 가설을 지지한다. 셋째, 비노년기에서 노년기로 이행하면 교육수준에 따른 누적된 이익/불리가 강화되어 총소득의 이질성이 커진다. 그러나 공적연금은 총소득보다 평등하게 분배되어 있다. 넷째, 복지체제별로 보면 자유주의 체제, 보수주의 체제의 공적연금은 비노년기보다 노년기에 더 불평등하게 분배되었다. 특히 보수주의 체제는 노년기의 소득불평등이 매우 높은데, 공적연금도 총소득만큼이나 불평등하게 분배되어 있다. 사회보장제도가 누적된 이익/불리를 강화하는 것으로 보인다. 반면 사민주의 체제는 공적연금이 총소득보다 평등하게 분배되고, 노년기가 되면 더 평등하게 분배되어 지위평등화 가설을 지지한다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2005

본 연구는 현 한국 노년층 세대의 특성과 노년에 대한 제도적 대응의 한계에도 불구하고 노년층 내의 경제적 불평등이 유의미한 함의를 갖는지, 그리고 경제활동기의 경제적 지위획득과 연관된 요인들이 노년기의 경제적 지위유지를 설명하는 요인인지를 조사하였다. 특히 본 연구는 한국사회에서 노년에 대한 국가적 지원이 크게 부족한 상황에서 한국노인의 경제적 지위와 관련하여 가족이 어떠한 역할을 수행하는지를 조사하였다. 경로모형 분석결과는 경제활동기의 경제적 지위획득과 관련된 요인들이 여전히 노년기의 경제적 지위를 설명하는 유의미한 요인들임을 보여준다. 노년층 내부에 존재하는 경제적 불평등의 정도와 관련하여 포괄소득으로부터 계산된 지니지수와 타일지수는 현 노년층 내의 경제적 불평등이 높은 수준이며, 연령이 증가함에 따라 상승하는 경향을 보여준다. 하지만 포괄소득을 구성하는 두 하위유형 소득 - 시장형 소득과 가족형 소득 - 은 서로 상반된 경향을 보여준다. 시장에 기초한 소득의 경우 불평등 수준은 연령의 상승에 따라 급격히 상승하는데 반하여 가족에 기초한 소득의 경우 연령이 증가함에 따라 점증적으로 감소하는 경향을 보여준다. 세대간 경제적 지원의 역할과 관련하여 분석결과는 사회인구학적으로 불리한 속성을 보유한 노인들에게 가족에 기초한 세대간 경제적 도움제공은 노년기에 중요한 경제적 자원의 역할을 수행하고 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로 본 분석결과를 기초로 한국사회에 있어서 세대간 경제적 지원의 잠재성과 현재성 사이의 전환에 대한 함의가 논의되었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the trajectory of depressive symptoms among aged 20 years adults and examine the direct and indirect pathway linking socioeconomic status(education attainment, household income, occupation), alcohol use and depressive symptoms. It particularly focused on whether alcohol use would mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms. Methods: This study analysed 13,763 households of Korean Welfare Panel Study 1st, 2nd, 3rd data using Latent Growth Curve Modeling. Results: The results showed that study participants tend to decrease depressive symptoms with years. Similar to the findings of the previous studies, education attainment and household income among the socioeconomic status factors effected directly depressive symptoms and indirectly by mediating alcohol volume controlling sex and age. Conclusions: Based on findings of this study, the policy and practical implications were discussed.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.78-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the emergency health care utilization using status according to income class. The target was the 2011 data out Korea Health Panel's raw data. 2011 data composed of total 17,035 people from total 5,741 households. This study set total 1,101 adults over full-20-years old having used an emergency health care utilization as its analysis target. In order to find out the number of emergency health care utilization use according to income class and the influential factors on emergency health care utilization cost, this study conducted the multiple regression analysis. And in order to more accurately analyze the emergency health care utilization use status depending on the income class and the features of emergency health care utilization use status, this study developed Models. As the result, this study found following findings. First, as the income class was lower, the gender was male, the age was lower, and the user has spouse, the user was not a business owner or a paid worker, the user is a house owner, the emergency medical facility type was a clinic, the means of transportation was others rather than 119 ambulance, the reason visiting emergency medical facility was belonged to others rather than accidents or poisoning, then the number of emergency was increased. Second, as the user was in higher income class, received the health insurance benefits, the using medical facility was general hospital, used 119 ambulance more often, stay days in emergency was shorter, then health care utilization cost was increased. In this study investigating the data out of Korea Health Panel, it was found that while the number of emergency health care utilization use was increased in the lower income class, but the emergency health care utilization cost was increased for higher income class. It is considered that this finding was caused from the facts that lower income class was more often exposed to dangers for physical health, so the number of emergency health care utilization use was increased, but their health care utilization cost was decreased because of their economic burdens against various examinations and their difficulties to pay such costs, comparing to that of higher income class. Therefore, in order to solve unequal problem of emergency health care utilization use between lower and higher income classs, it is required to set suitable solutions like the disease prevention effort by facilitating national health check-up programs, the enhancement of public health services in quantity and quality, the emergency health care utilization securing policy at using medical facilities, the promotional, educational activities about emergency health care utilization delivery system, the enhanced accessibility of emergency health care utilizations and emergency medical facilities.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate physical health status. depression. activities of daily living (ADL & IADL) of the low-income elderly who live alone in urban areas. Method: The subjects were the 400 low-income elders who live alone in Daegu city and the following instruments were used: 1. The number of self-reported physical health problems and present diseases: 2. CES-D scale for depression by Jo Nam-Oak et al. (1998): and 3. ADL scale by Katz (1989) and IADL scale by Lawton and Brody (1969). Results: 1. Visual difficulty was the most prevailing problem (55.3%) among physical problems. the second bowel elimination and the third hearing disturbance. As for present diseases. arthritis (26.5%), hypertension(24.3%) and DM (11.8%) were the most common diseases. 2. There were significant differences in physical health status according to age (t=3.115. p=.045). kind of medical security (t=-1.973. p=.049). perceived life satisfaction (F=4.966. p=.007) and the number of present diseases (F=2.937. p=.033). 3. There were significant differences in depression according to sex (t=-3.758. p=.000) . kind of medical security (t=-4.368. p=.000). perceived life satisfaction (F=35.743. p=.000) and the number of present diseases (F=4.246. p=.006). 4. There were significant differences in ADL according to sex (t=-2.136. p=.033) and age (F=4.863. p=.008). and in IADL according to sex (t=4.552, p=.000), age (F=3.090. p=.047) and kind of medical security (t=-3.306. p=.001). 5. Physical health state was correlated positively with both the number of present diseases (r=.140. p=.005) and depression (r=.352. p=.000), and negatively with ADL (r=-.176. p= .000) and IADL (r= -.230. p=.000). Depression was correlated positively with the number of present diseases (r=.169. p=.001) and negatively with both ADL (r=-.139. p=.005) and IADL (r=-.203. p= .000). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that general characteristics are important factors for physical health status, depression. ADL and IADL of the low-income elderly who live alone and there are close relations among physical health status, the number of diseases, depression, ADL and IADL. Therefore, these results must be reflected in community health programs for the low-income elderly who live alone. In addition, this kind of study must be extended to the low-income elderly who live alone in rural areas.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2018

Background: The appropriate use of drugs is very important for a healthy life, as appropriate medication must be taken correctly for successful treatment of a disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-efficacy between health status and drug abuse behavior. Methods: The subjects of this study were selected from 15 workshops located in Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, and Chungnam, and, convenience sampling was conducted for each employee between September, 2017 and October 2017. A total of 204 questionnaires were analyzed. The questions evaluated health status, self-efficacy, drug abuse behavior, and general characteristics. Results: First, there was no difference in health status according to the general characteristics of the subjects. The self-efficacy varied according to gender, educational background, and monthly income, but not by marital status and residence area. In addition, drug abuse behaviors differed according to gender, residence area, and monthly income, but not by marital status and education level. Second, drug abuse behavior negatively correlated with health status and self-efficacy. Third, regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy between the health status and drug abuse behavior had a partially mediating effect. Conclusion: In patients with poor health status, it is necessary to increase their self-efficacy to reduce reduce drug abuse. Therefore, regular education programs targeting efficacy and drug knowledge are required in the community.